Como é feito o TRATAMENTO DE ÁGUA #Boravê com Mari Fulfaro 🔵Manual do Mundo

Summary

This video takes viewers on a journey through the water treatment process at the Guarapiranga Reservoir in São Paulo. It explains how water, although contaminated with debris, is transformed into potable water through multiple stages. The process includes using powerful pumps, adding chemicals like chlorine and aluminum sulfate, and employing filtration systems to remove impurities. With advanced treatment techniques, including membrane filtration, the water undergoes extensive purification before reaching households. The video highlights the technical aspects of ensuring clean water delivery, while emphasizing the importance of each step in providing safe drinking water to the population.

Takeaways

• 😀 The water treatment process begins by collecting water from the Guarapiranga reservoir in São Paulo, which is one of the few places in the city where clean water can still be captured economically.
• 😀 Despite some visible pollution, including PET bottles, the water can be treated and purified with the right processes and equipment.
• 😀 The first stage of water treatment involves gravity-fed water flowing through a vortex to a pumping station, which then moves the water to the treatment station.
• 😀 There are six pumps, each with 4,000 horsepower, capable of pumping 3,300 liters of water per second, which is crucial for the treatment process.
• 😀 Chlorine is added early in the process to oxidize certain metals in the water, making them insoluble so they can be removed.
• 😀 Activated charcoal is also used to absorb substances that cause odors and unpleasant tastes in the water.
• 😀 At the treatment station, a coagulation process is used to neutralize negative particles in the water by adding a positive charge, typically with aluminum sulfate.
• 😀 Flocculation follows, where a substance is added to help particles clump together into larger masses, making them easier to remove.
• 😀 The water then enters a decantation tank where most of the impurities settle at the bottom, and only clean water remains at the surface.
• 😀 After decantation, a filtration process removes the remaining impurities. The filters are regularly cleaned, and the water is now mostly clear and safe.
• 😀 A laboratory continually tests the water for turbidity, chlorine levels, temperature, and other factors to ensure its safety before it’s sent to homes.
• 😀 Finally, additional processes are used to adjust the water's pH and add fluoride before it is pumped to reservoirs for storage and distribution.

Q & A

What is the main purpose of the video?

The video aims to explain the water treatment process from the Guarapiranga Reservoir in São Paulo, showing how raw water is transformed into clean, drinkable water.

What makes the Guarapiranga Reservoir special for water treatment in São Paulo?

The Guarapiranga Reservoir is one of the few places in São Paulo where it is economically viable to treat water because it still has reasonably clean water.

How does the water from the reservoir get to the treatment plant?

Water is drawn by gravity through a whirlpool, which directs it into a pumping station. From there, it's pumped to the water treatment station.

What role do the six powerful pumps play in the water treatment process?

Each of the six pumps, with a power of 4,000 horsepower, is capable of lifting 3,300 liters of water per second, enabling the transfer of large amounts of water to the treatment plant.

What is the function of chlorine in the water treatment process?

Chlorine acts as an oxidant, helping to remove certain soluble metals from the water, such as ferrous iron, by converting them into insoluble forms that can be removed.

What is the purpose of adding activated charcoal to the water?

Activated charcoal is used to trap substances that cause odor and taste issues in the water, improving its quality before further treatment steps.

What is coagulation, and why is it necessary in water treatment?

Coagulation is a process where a substance, like aluminum sulfate, is added to the water to neutralize negative charges on particles, making them easier to remove in the next steps.

What happens after coagulation during the water treatment process?

After coagulation, flocculants are added to the water, which help bind impurities together, forming larger particles that can settle at the bottom of the tank during decantation.

What occurs in the decantation tank during the water treatment process?

In the decantation tank, most of the suspended solids in the water settle to the bottom, forming a sludge that can be removed. The cleaner water rises to the top.

How is the water filtered after decantation?

After decantation, the water is filtered through a system that includes layers of activated carbon, sand, and gravel. This process removes the remaining small particles and impurities.

What role does the laboratory play in the water treatment process?

The laboratory at the treatment station monitors the water 24/7, analyzing aspects like turbidity, chlorine levels, temperature, and alkalinity to ensure water quality.

How is chlorine used in the final stages of water treatment before distribution?

In the final stages, chlorine is added as a safeguard to protect the water from potential contamination as it travels through the distribution system to homes.

What is the role of the membrane filtration system in this treatment plant?

The membrane filtration system replaces traditional decantation and filtration methods, using microfilters to remove impurities more efficiently from the water.

How does the membrane filtration system work?

The system uses thousands of tiny tubes with micro-perforations that only allow clean water to pass through, while strong pumps force the water through these filters to remove contaminants.

What happens after the water passes through all treatment steps?

Once the water has undergone coagulation, decantation, filtration, and additional treatment processes, it is stored in reservoirs ready for distribution to households.

What is the total water storage capacity of the plant?

The plant can store up to 70 million liters of water, with a processing capacity of 16,000 liters per second.