TEXTO Y TIPOS DE TEXTO

Summary

This video script delves into the nature of a text, defining it as a coherent and cohesive set of statements forming a meaningful unit. It distinguishes four main types of texts based on the speaker's intent: Descriptive, Narrative, Expository, and Argumentative. Each serves a specific communicative purpose, from detailing characteristics to persuading opinions. The script emphasizes the importance of understanding the audience to ensure effective communication, highlighting the need for clarity and appropriateness in language use.

Takeaways

• 📘 A 'text' is derived from the Latin 'textus', meaning woven or interwoven, and can be both oral and written.
• 🔍 A text is defined as a set of statements that form a unit of meaning with coherence and cohesion.
• 🔗 Coherence is the logical organization and selection of information according to the topic, giving unity and sense to the discourse.
• 🔗 Cohesion is the connection between different linguistic elements, forming a chain of meaning and avoiding word repetition.
• 📚 Cohesion is achieved through devices like reference, ellipsis, substitution, and logical connectors.
• 🗣️ Text production is part of the communication circuit, involving a sender and a receiver with a specific message to convey.
• 🏷️ Texts can be categorized into four main groups based on the speaker's intention: Descriptive, Narrative, Expository, and Argumentative.
• 🖼️ Descriptive texts focus on characterizing objects, people, feelings, places, etc., with a rich use of adjectives and sensory details.
• 📖 Narrative texts recount events with characters and specific settings, requiring action verbs and often found in stories, novels, and news chronicles.
• 📚 Expository texts aim to inform or explain a topic objectively, using examples like encyclopedias, manuals, and articles for popular science.
• 💡 Argumentative texts seek to convince or persuade, presenting reasons and arguments to support a viewpoint, found in theses, opinion articles, and political speeches.
• 👥 The recipient of a text plays a crucial role in successful communication, requiring the text to be clear, understandable, and appropriate for the audience.
• 📝 Considering coherence, cohesion, clarity, and audience understanding enhances both reading comprehension and the quality of communication.

Q & A

What does the term 'text' derive from and what does it mean?

The term 'text' comes from the Latin word 'textus', which means 'woven' or 'interwoven'. It can be either spoken or written and is defined as a set of statements that form a unit of meaning with coherence and cohesion.

What is coherence in the context of a text?

Coherence refers to the logical organization and selection of information according to the topic, relating different parts of the discourse to give unity and meaning.

What is cohesion and how does it relate to linguistic elements in a text?

Cohesion is the connection between different linguistic elements, forming a chain of meaning and avoiding repetition of words. It relies on resources such as reference, ellipsis, substitution, and logical connectors, both temporal and spatial.

How is the production of a text situated within the communication circuit?

The production of a text is situated within the communication circuit as it involves a speaker who has the need to communicate a message to a specific audience or receiver.

What are the four major groups of texts based on the speaker's objective?

The four major groups of texts are Descriptive Texts, Narrative Texts, Expository or Explanatory Texts, and Argumentative Texts, each serving different communication purposes such as describing, narrating, explaining, or arguing.

What is a Descriptive Text and what are some examples?

A Descriptive Text is used to characterize something by telling how it is, often abundant in adjectives, details, and sensory images. Examples include landscapes, portraits, self-portraits, caricatures, and etopeyas.

How does a Narrative Text differ from other text types?

A Narrative Text recounts events involving characters that occur in specific places and times, requiring many action verbs. Examples include short stories, novels, chronicles, fables, and biographies.

What is the purpose of an Expository or Explanatory Text?

The purpose of an Expository or Explanatory Text is to inform or explain a topic objectively for comprehension by a specific audience, conveying seriousness and objectivity.

What is an Argumentative Text and what are some examples?

An Argumentative Text aims to convince, persuade, or express an opinion by defending or refuting an idea, presenting reasons and arguments. Examples include theses, legal arguments, opinion articles, propaganda, and political speeches.

Why is it important for a text to be clear and understandable to its intended audience?

A text must be clear and understandable to ensure successful communication. If the audience does not understand or becomes bored, the communication will fail.

What should a speaker consider before transmitting a message to ensure effective communication?

A speaker should consider the audience's understanding and adapt the information and its transmission method accordingly to ensure the message is clear, appropriate to the context, and respects language norms.