Las funciones del lenguaje de Jakobson | Tipos y ejemplos

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28 Dec 201806:19

Summary

TLDRThis video script delves into the functions of language, exploring why meaning can vary in seemingly identical messages. It introduces the theories of Carl Valeri, Roman Jakobson, and Karl Bühler, highlighting six key language functions: referential, expressive, conative, poetic, phatic, and metalinguistic. The script emphasizes the importance of context, intention, and the relationship between message, sender, and receiver in communication, providing insights into how language conveys information, emotions, and even reflects on itself.

Takeaways

🗣️ The script discusses the functions of language and their importance in communication, emphasizing how the meaning of a message can vary despite identical wording.
🕒 The example of the phrase 'Son las cinco' illustrates the dual meaning of indicating time or stating that someone is late, depending on the context.
🤔 The meaning of a sentence is often naturally extracted from the intention of the speaker and the context in which the message is conveyed.
📍 Context plays a crucial role in determining the meaning of a sentence, as shown by the different interpretations of 'Son las cinco' in a traffic jam versus a calm situation.
👤 The script mentions linguists and pedagogues like Carl Valeri, Roman Jakobson, and Karl Bühler, who contributed to understanding the different meanings of seemingly identical sentences based on various communication elements.
🔍 Bühler identified three functions of language based on the emitter and the receiver, while Jakobson expanded this to six functions, focusing on the message as the central element of communication.
📚 Jakobson's six functions of language are the referential, expressive, conative, poetic, phatic, and metalinguistic, each relating the message to different communication elements.
📝 The referential function provides information or references elements in reality, such as 'Son las tres' being verifiable with the position of the sun or a clock.
💬 The expressive function relates to the emotions or personal circumstances of the speaker, as in 'Tengo un dolor de cabeza', which communicates a personal sensation.
📞 The conative function involves sentences that expect a response from the receiver, like 'Coge el teléfono', which implies the receiver should pick up the phone.
🎨 The poetic function, also known as the aesthetic function, is about expressing ideas in an elegant or pleasing way through language.
🔄 The phatic function checks if the communication channel between the emitter and receiver is working properly.
🌐 The metalinguistic function is the most complex, as it involves the language talking about itself, like in the example 'Pedro tiene cinco letras', where the message is about the language itself.

Q & A

Why is the study of language functions important in communication?
-Studying language functions is important because it helps us understand how messages can vary in meaning even when they are identical, depending on the context, intention, and elements of communication.
What does the phrase 'son las cinco' demonstrate in terms of language functions?
-The phrase 'son las cinco' demonstrates the potential for double meaning, where it can indicate the time as well as express that someone is late, showing how meaning can vary based on context.
How do we typically discern the true meaning of a sentence?
-We usually discern the true meaning of a sentence by naturally considering the intention of the speaker and the context in which the message is conveyed.
What are the elements of communication that can affect the meaning of a message?
-The elements of communication that can affect the meaning of a message include the context, the sender (emitter), the receiver, the message itself, and the channel of communication.
Who are some of the linguists and pedagogues from the 20th century that contributed to the understanding of language functions?
-Carl Valeri, Roman Jakobson, and Karl Bühler are some of the linguists and pedagogues who contributed to the understanding of language functions by examining how meaning varies in communication.
According to Karl Bühler, what are the three functions of language?
-According to Karl Bühler, the three functions of language are related to the emitter (the person who sends the message) and the receiver (the person who receives the message), focusing on the message as the central element of communication.
What are the six functions of language as proposed by Roman Jakobson?
-Roman Jakobson proposed six functions of language: the referential function, the expressive function, the conative function, the poetic function, the phatic function, and the metalinguistic function.
What is the referential function of language and how does it relate to reality?
-The referential function, also known as the informative function, informs or makes reference to elements that are verifiable in reality. It ensures that the message corresponds with the context and reality, such as stating a fact or time.
How does the expressive function of language differ from the referential function?
-The expressive function differs from the referential function in that it focuses on the relationship between the message and the emitter, expressing the emitter's feelings or personal circumstances, rather than referring to external reality.
What is the conative function of language and how does it involve the receiver?
-The conative function involves sentences that do not just communicate a message but also expect a response from the receiver. It is etymologically related to the action initiated by the receiver, such as in imperative sentences that prompt the receiver to perform an action.
What is the purpose of the phatic function in communication?
-The phatic function serves to check that the communication channel between the emitter and the receiver is functioning properly. It is used to maintain an open line of communication and to ensure that the message is being received.
Can you provide an example of the metalinguistic function?
-An example of the metalinguistic function is when language talks about itself, such as stating 'Pedro has five letters.' This function provides definitions or facts about the language itself, differentiating it from other functions.

Outlines

00:00

🌟 Introduction to Language Functions

This introduction welcomes viewers to the video, which discusses the functions of language. It poses the question of why we discuss language functions and what they mean. The video aims to explore how identical messages can have different meanings depending on context and intention, illustrated by the example of the phrase 'it's five o'clock,' which can indicate the time or imply tardiness.

05:01

🔍 Understanding Meaning Through Context

This section explains how context and the speaker's intention help us understand the true meaning of a message. For instance, 'it's five o'clock' can be used to indicate time or to criticize someone for being late. The meaning often comes naturally from the situation and emotional state of the speaker.

🧠 Jakobson's Communication Model

Linguists and educators like Karl Bühler and Roman Jakobson noted that identical sentences can have different meanings based on communication elements such as context, speaker, listener, message, channel, and code. Jakobson argued that there are six functions of language related to these elements, challenging Bühler's simpler model.

📊 The Six Functions of Language

Jakobson identified six functions of language: referential, expressive, conative, poetic, phatic, and metalinguistic. Each function relates the message to a different element of communication. The referential function conveys factual information, while the expressive function conveys the speaker's emotions.

🎭 Conative and Poetic Functions

The conative function involves sentences that seek a response from the listener, such as commands. The poetic function focuses on the aesthetic quality of the language, making the message more elegant or artistic. These functions emphasize the interaction between speaker, listener, and the language used.

🔗 Phatic and Metalinguistic Functions

The phatic function checks if the communication channel is working correctly, ensuring messages are being received. The metalinguistic function involves using language to discuss the language itself, such as defining words or explaining grammar. An example is the sentence 'Pedro has five letters,' which talks about the word's composition.

📚 Conclusion and Further Learning

The video concludes with a summary of the language functions discussed and encourages viewers to subscribe for more content. It also provides links for further reading and examples, inviting viewers to explore the different functions of language in more detail.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Language Functions

Language functions refer to the various roles that language plays in communication. In the video, the theme revolves around understanding these functions and their importance in conveying meaning. For example, the script discusses how the meaning of the sentence 'It's five o'clock' can vary depending on the context, illustrating the dynamic nature of language functions.

💡Communication

Communication is the process of exchanging information, ideas, or messages. The video emphasizes the role of language in communication, highlighting how the same message can have different interpretations based on various factors like context, intention, and the relationship between the sender and receiver.

💡Context

Context is the environment or setting in which something occurs, which influences its meaning. The script uses the example of the sentence 'It's five o'clock' to show how the context of a traffic jam or the speaker's emotional state can alter the interpretation of the message.

💡Intention

Intention refers to the purpose or aim behind a message. The video explains that understanding the sender's intention is crucial for interpreting the true meaning of a message, as it can influence whether a statement is taken as an expression of time or a complaint about lateness.

💡Linguists and Pedagogues

Linguists and pedagogues are scholars and educators who specialize in the study of language and its teaching. The video mentions figures like Carl Valeri and Roman Jakobson, who contributed to the understanding of language functions and their impact on meaning.

💡Jakobson's Model

Roman Jakobson's model is a framework for understanding the components of communication. The video discusses how Jakobson expanded on the model by proposing six functions of language, emphasizing the message as the central element of communication rather than the sender or receiver.

💡Referential Function

The referential function, also known as the informative function, is the aspect of language that provides information or refers to elements in reality. The video gives the example 'It's three o'clock' as a clear instance of this function, where the statement can be verified against an objective reality like the position of the sun or a clock.

💡Expressive Function

The expressive function, or emotive function, relates to the expression of the sender's feelings or personal circumstances. The script mentions 'I have a headache' as an example, showing how this function can convey personal sensations or states that are linked to the sender.

💡Conative Function

The conative function involves language that seeks a response from the receiver. It is etymologically related to the initiation of action by the receiver. The video uses 'Pick up the phone' as an example, where the expectation is for the receiver to perform the action of picking up the phone.

💡Aesthetic Function

The aesthetic function, also known as the poetic function, is about the pleasing expression of ideas through language. The video suggests that this function can make a message more elegant or beautiful, focusing on the form of the message rather than its informational content.

💡Phatic Function

The phatic function is related to the maintenance of communication channels. The video describes it as a way to check if the receiver is still engaged and open to communication, ensuring that the channel is functioning properly.

💡Meta-Linguistic Function

The meta-linguistic function is the most complex of Jakobson's language functions, as it involves language speaking about itself. The video provides the example 'Pedro has five letters' to illustrate how this function can relate the code (language) to the message in a self-referential way.

Highlights

Introduction to the topic of language functions and the importance of understanding them.

Discussion on why messages sent by a sender can vary in meaning despite being identical.

The example of the ambiguous sentence 'Son las cinco' to illustrate double meaning.

The significance of intention and context in determining the meaning of a sentence.

Mention of linguists and pedagogues like Carl Valeri and Roman Jakobson who studied language functions.

Explanation of how different elements of communication affect meaning, including context, sender, receiver, message, and channel.

Bühler's theory that there are three language functions based on the sender and receiver.

Jakobson's critique of the bullet model and his proposition of six language functions.

Detailed explanation of the six language functions according to Jakobson's theory.

The referential function, also known as the informative function, and its relation to reality.

The expressive or emotive function and its relation to the sender's personal feelings or circumstances.

The conative function, which involves expecting a response from the receiver.

The aesthetic function, also known as the poetic function, and its role in making the message elegant or beautiful.

The phatic function, which checks if the communication channel is working properly.

The metalinguistic function, which involves language speaking about itself.

An example of the metalinguistic function with the phrase 'Pedro tiene cinco letras'.

Conclusion summarizing the language functions and their importance in communication.