Talambuhay ni Jose Rizal

Summary

This transcript provides a detailed account of the life of Dr. Jose Rizal, the Philippine national hero. It covers his early life, including his family's background and education. The script delves into his achievements, such as his studies in Manila and Europe, his mastery of multiple languages, and his significant literary works like *Noli Me Tangere* and *El Filibusterismo*. The summary also highlights his efforts for peaceful reforms through the La Liga Filipina, his exile to Dapitan, and his eventual execution in 1896. It touches on his personal relationships, including his love for Leonor Rivera and Josephine Bracken.

Takeaways

• 👶 Dr. Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda, commonly known as Dr. Jose Rizal, was born on June 19, 1861, in Calamba, Laguna.
• 👨‍👩‍👧 Rizal was the seventh of eleven children, with siblings including Saturnina, Paciano, Narcisa, and others. His parents were Francisco Mercado and Teodora Alonso.
• 🙏 His name 'Jose' was chosen in honor of Saint Joseph, while 'Protacio' was for Saint Protacio, whose feast day coincided with Rizal’s birthday.
• 🌾 Rizal’s family were of Chinese descent, and their surname ‘Lamco’ was later changed to ‘Mercado’ to avoid discrimination. The surname ‘Rizal’ was adopted after a decree by Governor Claveria.
• 📚 At three years old, Rizal was taught the alphabet by his mother, Teodora, who recognized his extraordinary intellect.
• 🎓 Rizal received his Bachelor of Arts degree from Ateneo Municipal de Manila, earning numerous medals and accolades throughout his academic career.
• 🌍 In 1882, Rizal traveled to Europe to continue his studies, where he learned various languages and completed degrees in medicine and philosophy.
• 📖 Rizal authored famous works such as *Noli Me Tangere* and *El Filibusterismo*, which were critical of Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines.
• 👨‍🏫 During his exile in Dapitan, Rizal established a school and continued to contribute to his community despite being in a remote area.
• 💔 Rizal had several romantic relationships, but his most significant love interests were Leonor Rivera and later Josephine Bracken, with whom he shared deep connections.

Q & A

Who were the parents of Jose Rizal?

Jose Rizal's parents were Francisco Engracio Rizal Mercado and Teodora Morales Alonso Realonda.

How many siblings did Jose Rizal have, and can you name some of them?

Jose Rizal had nine siblings. Their names were Saturnina, Paciano, Narcisa, Olimpia, Lucia, Maria, Josefa, Trinidad, and Soledad.

When and where was Jose Rizal born?

Jose Rizal was born on June 19, 1861, in Calamba, Laguna.

Who baptized Jose Rizal and who was his godfather?

Jose Rizal was baptized by Padre Rufino Collantes, and his godfather was Padre Pedro Casañas.

What is the significance of the name 'Jose Protasio'?

The name 'Jose' was given in honor of Saint Joseph, the patron saint of workers, and 'Protasio' was chosen in honor of Saint Protasius, a martyr, as Rizal's birthday fell on Protasius' feast day.

Why did Jose Rizal's family adopt the surname 'Mercado'?

The family adopted the surname 'Mercado,' meaning 'market' in Spanish, to avoid discrimination. Rizal's great-grandfather, Domingo Lamco, was a Chinese businessman, and changing the surname helped the family follow the order of Governor Clavería in 1849, which mandated Filipino families to adopt Spanish surnames.

What languages did Jose Rizal study during his time in Europe?

During his time in Europe, Jose Rizal studied several languages, including English, French, German, and Italian.

Where and when was the 'Noli Me Tangere' written and published?

Jose Rizal wrote the first half of 'Noli Me Tangere' in Madrid in 1884, completed part of it in Paris, and finished the book in Germany. It was published in Berlin in March 1887, with 2,000 copies printed.

What was the 'La Liga Filipina' and when was it founded?

La Liga Filipina was a civic organization founded by Jose Rizal on July 3, 1892. It aimed to promote reforms in the Spanish colonial government in the Philippines through peaceful means rather than revolution.

What was the fate of Jose Rizal after his return to the Philippines in 1892?

After returning to the Philippines on June 6, 1892, Rizal was arrested and exiled to Dapitan on July 7, 1892, on suspicion of being involved in revolutionary activities. He was eventually executed on December 30, 1896, in Bagumbayan (now Luneta).