Cranial Nerve Examination | OSCE Guide | NEW | UKMLA | CPSA

Summary

The video features a medical student, David, performing a cranial nerves examination on a patient named Yousef Smith. David carefully assesses various cranial nerves through a series of tests, including vision, color recognition, facial muscle strength, hearing, balance, and sensation. The patient follows David's instructions, with normal findings throughout the examination. David concludes that Yousef shows no signs of neurological disease. The video highlights each step in detail and emphasizes the importance of these assessments in a cranial nerve examination.

Takeaways

• 🩺 The medical student, David, introduces himself and confirms the patient's name (Yousef Smith) and date of birth (January 1, 1993).
• 😀 David informs Yousef about performing a cranial nerves examination, which involves testing various facial nerves.
• 👃 David asks if Yousef has noticed any changes in his sense of smell, to which Yousef responds no.
• 👁️ David examines Yousef's vision, asking him to read the lowest line on an eye chart and checking both eyes separately.
• 🔦 David tests Yousef's pupil response by shining a light into his eyes and testing near and far focus using a pen.
• 🎨 David assesses Yousef's color vision by showing him numbers on color plates, and Yousef correctly identifies the numbers.
• 🤲 David performs a visual field test by wiggling his fingers and asking Yousef to indicate when he sees movement.
• 💆‍♂️ Sensation testing is performed on Yousef's face using a cotton wisp and a pin to ensure equal sensitivity on both sides.
• 🙂 David checks the muscles in Yousef’s face by asking him to raise his eyebrows, scrunch his eyes, smile, and puff his cheeks.
• 🎧 A hearing test is conducted using a tuning fork, and Yousef is asked to identify the sound in different ear locations and balance by marching in place.

Q & A

What type of examination is being conducted in the video?

The video shows a cranial nerves examination, where the doctor assesses the functionality of the patient's cranial nerves.

Who is the patient in the video and what is his age?

The patient is Yousef Smith, a 30-year-old male.

What is the purpose of testing the patient's sense of smell?

The sense of smell is tested to assess the function of the olfactory nerve (cranial nerve I), which controls smell.

Why does the doctor test the patient's visual acuity and color vision?

These tests assess the optic nerve (cranial nerve II) for any abnormalities in vision, which includes both visual acuity and color perception.

What is the significance of the light being shone into the patient’s eyes?

The light test checks the pupillary reflexes, which involves cranial nerves II (optic) and III (oculomotor), to ensure proper functioning of eye movements and pupil reactions.

Why is the doctor wiggling fingers during the examination?

Wiggling fingers is part of a visual field test, checking the patient’s peripheral vision to assess any defects related to the optic nerve.

What is being assessed when the doctor uses a tuning fork during the examination?

The tuning fork tests the patient’s hearing (cranial nerve VIII, the vestibulocochlear nerve), and checks for any hearing loss or abnormalities in sound conduction.

Why does the doctor test the patient’s facial sensation with cotton and a pin?

These tests assess the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V), which is responsible for sensation in the face, to detect any sensory loss or abnormalities.

What is the doctor assessing when asking the patient to clench their jaw or raise their eyebrows?

These tasks check the motor functions of cranial nerves V (trigeminal) and VII (facial) by testing the muscles of mastication and facial expressions.

What are the doctor’s findings at the end of the examination?

The doctor concludes that there are no abnormalities found in the cranial nerves examination, which is consistent with a normal neurological assessment.