INDONESIA MASA ORDE BARU Kebijakan Pembangunan Nasional | Sejarah Indonesia

Summary

This video discusses the national development policies implemented by Indonesia's New Order government, led by President Soeharto, to achieve political and economic stability. It covers the national development efforts in various sectors, including agriculture (through the Green Revolution), education (highlighting literacy programs and the establishment of primary schools), health (featuring the Family Planning and Public Health programs), economics (with policies supporting state-owned enterprises), and social welfare (focusing on transmigration programs). The video also explains how these policies were guided by Indonesia's National Development Plan (GBHN) and the Five-Year Development Plan (Repelita).

Takeaways

• 👋 The video welcomes viewers and covers the history of the New Order era in Indonesia.
• 📝 The New Order government implemented policies for political and economic stability to lay the foundation for national development.
• 📜 The national development aimed to achieve the goals stated in the Preamble of the 1945 Constitution, including protecting the nation and promoting welfare.
• 🔄 The New Order government adopted the 'Trilogi Pembangunan,' focusing on equitable development, high economic growth, and stable national conditions.
• 📈 The national development was outlined in the GBHN and executed through five-year plans (Pelita) and a 25-year long-term plan.
• 🌾 Agricultural development was enhanced through the Green Revolution, which increased production through intensification, mechanization, and cooperative efforts.
• 🏫 In education, the government built numerous primary schools (SD Inpres) and introduced a nine-year compulsory education program.
• 👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 The healthcare sector implemented family planning (KB) and established community health centers (Puskesmas) across Indonesia.
• 💼 Economic policies during the New Order focused on a Pancasila-based system with state-owned enterprises and job creation.
• 🚜 Social development initiatives included transmigration programs to redistribute population density and enhance regional resources.

Q & A

What was the primary focus of the New Order government's policies?

The primary focus was on achieving political and economic stability in Indonesia, which served as the foundation for national development policies.

What were the objectives of national development during the New Order period?

The objectives included protecting the Indonesian people, enhancing general welfare, fostering education, and promoting global peace based on independence, lasting peace, and social justice, as outlined in the fourth paragraph of the Indonesian Constitution's preamble.

What was the 'Trilogy of Development' and its role in national development?

The 'Trilogy of Development' focused on equitable development and its results for social justice, high economic growth, and a stable and dynamic national environment, which guided the New Order's development efforts.

How was the New Order's national development plan structured?

It was structured in the Broad Guidelines of State Policy (GBHN) and divided into Five-Year Development Plans (Repelita) for short-term goals and a Long-Term Development Plan for 25 years.

What was the Green Revolution, and why was it significant during the New Order?

The Green Revolution was an agricultural initiative aimed at increasing crop production using methods like intensification, diversification, rehabilitation, and mechanization. It was significant because it boosted agricultural output and led to Indonesia achieving rice self-sufficiency in 1984.

What role did cooperatives play in agricultural development during the New Order?

Cooperatives, particularly the Village Unit Cooperatives (KUD), supported agricultural development by assisting with resources, storage, and distribution, helping stabilize food supplies like rice.

What educational policies were implemented during the New Order to improve literacy?

The government launched a literacy program during the first Five-Year Plan (Pelita I) and expanded access to primary education, constructing many primary schools known as SD Inpres, as well as later introducing a nine-year mandatory education program.

How did the New Order government address population growth?

The New Order government implemented the Family Planning Program (KB) to control population growth, with the support of the National Family Planning Coordination Agency (BKKBN), established in 1970.

What health initiatives were established during the New Order?

The government established community health centers (puskesmas) and integrated health service posts (posyandu) in rural and urban communities to improve public healthcare and support maternal and child health.

What economic policies were prioritized during the New Order era?

The New Order implemented an economic system based on Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution, prioritizing state control of vital resources and focusing on increasing the role of state-owned enterprises (BUMN) and expanding job opportunities.

How did the New Order government approach the issue of overpopulation in certain areas?

The government launched a transmigration program to move people from densely populated areas like Java, Madura, Bali, and Lombok to less populated regions like Sumatra, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi, aiming to balance population distribution and enhance regional development.