Central air conditioning system working Animation
Summary
TLDRThe video explains the centralized air conditioning system, commonly used in commercial buildings for large-scale cooling. It outlines the three main cycles: refrigerant, chilled water, and condenser water cycles, detailing their components and processes. The refrigerant cycle involves the compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator, while the chilled water cycle focuses on air handling units and water pumps. The condenser water cycle is explained through cooling towers and pumps, emphasizing how heat transfer occurs efficiently in each stage. This overview helps students understand the functioning of centralized air conditioning systems.
Takeaways
- ❄️ The centralized air conditioning system is typically used for large cooling capacities, commonly in commercial settings.
- 🔄 The system comprises three main cycles: refrigerant cycle, chilled water cycle, and condenser water cycle.
- 🔧 Key components in the refrigerant cycle include the compressor, condenser, filter dryer, expansion valve, and evaporator.
- ⚙️ The chilled water cycle primarily involves the air handling unit and water pump.
- 🌊 In the condenser water cycle, the cooling tower and water pump play crucial roles in the heat removal process.
- 🌀 The compressor increases refrigerant pressure and temperature to facilitate heat transfer in the condenser.
- 🌡️ The condenser removes heat from the refrigerant, condensing it from high-pressure gas to a high-pressure liquid.
- 💧 The expansion valve reduces refrigerant pressure and controls its flow into the evaporator, where it absorbs heat.
- 🌬️ In the air handling unit, chilled water cools the air by absorbing heat, with centrifugal pumps circulating the water.
- 🏗️ The cooling tower in the condenser water cycle cools down the water that absorbs heat from the refrigerant, ensuring continuous system function.
Q & A
What is the primary purpose of a centralized air conditioning system?
-A centralized air conditioning system is primarily used for large cooling capacity, typically for commercial purposes.
What are the three main cycles involved in a chiller system?
-The three main cycles in a chiller system are the refrigerant cycle, the chilled water cycle, and the condenser water cycle.
What are the components involved in the refrigerant cycle?
-The components involved in the refrigerant cycle are the compressor, condenser, filter dryer, expansion valve, and evaporator.
What is the function of the compressor in the refrigerant cycle?
-The compressor increases the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant, facilitating heat transfer in the condenser.
What type of compressor is commonly used in chiller systems?
-The type of compressor commonly used is the scroll compressor, which works based on the pressure difference between the suction and discharge lines.
How does the condenser contribute to the refrigerant cycle?
-The condenser eliminates heat from the high-pressure gas refrigerant to the condenser water through convection and conduction.
What is the role of the filter dryer in the refrigerant cycle?
-The filter dryer acts as a dirt filter and absorbs moisture, ensuring that the refrigerant is clean and dry before entering the expansion valve.
What is the purpose of the expansion valve in the refrigerant cycle?
-The expansion valve reduces the pressure and controls the flow of refrigerant entering the evaporator, causing a dramatic drop in temperature.
How does the evaporator interact with the chilled water cycle?
-The evaporator absorbs heat from the chilled water coming from the air handling unit, causing the refrigerant to evaporate into a low-pressure gas.
What are the components of the chilled water cycle?
-The components of the chilled water cycle are the air handling unit and the water pump.
What is the function of the cooling tower in the condenser water cycle?
-The cooling tower cools down the temperature of the condenser water, which is then used to absorb heat from the refrigerant at the condenser.
Outlines
❄️ Overview of Centralized Air Conditioning System
The first paragraph introduces the centralized air conditioning system, commonly used for large cooling capacities in commercial settings. It explains the three main cycles involved: the refrigerant cycle, chilled water cycle, and condenser water cycle. Key components of the refrigerant cycle include the compressor, condenser, filter dryer, expansion valve, and evaporator. The process describes how the compressor raises refrigerant pressure and temperature, followed by the condenser, where heat is transferred to condenser water. The expansion valve lowers the refrigerant's pressure and temperature before it enters the evaporator to absorb heat. A detailed breakdown of how these components interact is provided, emphasizing how the refrigerant changes from gas to liquid and back again during the cooling process.
🌬️ Air Handling and Chilled Water Cycle Explained
This section focuses on the chilled water cycle and the air handling process within a centralized air conditioning system. The chilled water produced in the evaporator flows through pipelines to the air handling unit, where it cools the air passing through a cooling coil. The cooled air is then distributed, while the warmed chilled water returns to the chiller. The cycle continues with the help of a centrifugal pump. The paragraph also explains the use of a centrifugal fan and ducts (supply and return) for air circulation, as well as the role of filters in ensuring clean air.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Refrigerant Cycle
💡Compressor
💡Condenser
💡Expansion Valve
💡Evaporator
💡Chilled Water Cycle
💡Air Handling Unit (AHU)
💡Cooling Tower
💡Centrifugal Pump
💡Filter Dryer
Highlights
The centralized air conditioning system is designed for large cooling capacities, typically for commercial purposes.
The chiller system consists of three main cycles: the refrigerant cycle, the chilled water cycle, and the condenser water cycle.
The refrigerant cycle involves key components like the compressor, condenser, filter dryer, expansion valve, and evaporator.
In the chilled water cycle, components such as the air handling unit and water pump play crucial roles.
The condenser water cycle involves a cooling tower and water pump to regulate temperature.
The compressor increases the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant, allowing heat transfer to occur in the condenser.
Scroll compressors are used in this system, where low-pressure gas is pressurized to high pressure and temperature.
In the condenser, refrigerant heat is eliminated via conduction and convection to the condenser water from the cooling tower.
The filter dryer removes dirt and moisture from the refrigerant to ensure it is clean before entering the expansion valve.
The thermal expansion valve reduces refrigerant pressure and controls its flow into the evaporator.
In the evaporator, low-temperature refrigerant absorbs heat from chilled water, cooling the air for distribution.
Chilled water circulates between the air handling unit and the chiller, where it absorbs heat and returns for cooling.
Centrifugal pumps and fans are key to air and water flow management in the air conditioning system.
Cooling towers in the condenser water cycle cool down the water used to absorb heat from the refrigerant.
The system is continuous, with water pumps and air flow mechanisms ensuring the steady function of the cooling process.
Transcripts
centralized air conditioning system used
for large cooling capacity usually for
commercial purposes chiller system
consists of three main cycle which are
refrigerant cycle chilled water cycle
and condensed a water cycle
the component that are involve in
refrigerant cycle our compressor
condenser filter dryer expansion valve
and evaporator
for chilled water cycle the component
which involved our a handling unit and
water pump in condenser water cycled the
component that are needed for the
process our cooling tower and water pump
refrigerant cycle refrigerant cycle
consists of four basic components which
are compressor condenser expansion
device and evaporator an additional
component called filter dryer also
include in the system compressor
compressor works to increase the
pressure of the refrigerant in addition
it also serves to increase the
temperature of the refrigerant higher
than the temperature of condenser water
so that the heat transfer can occur in
the condenser the refrigerant enters the
compressor with low-pressure gas and out
with a high-pressure gas condition type
of compressor used with scroll hermetic
type scroll compressor works based on
gas at low pressure and temperature end
to the suction line and go into the
compressor the low pressure and
temperature gas is pressurized by the
scroll compressor to high pressure and
temperature gas the high pressure and
temperature gas is then passed through
the discharge line and then go into the
condenser
condenser
refrigerant in high-pressure gas will be
enter the condenser at a temperature
higher than the temperature of condenser
water in condenser the heat will be
eliminated to the condenser water from
the cooling tower through the process of
convection and conduction after the heat
is removed the refrigerant in
high-pressure gas is condensed into a
high-pressure liquid when out of the
condenser condenser most commonly used
is shell-and-tube type water is flowing
through the tube while refrigerant
liquid flooded in the shell
filter dryer
before the refrigerant flow to the next
main component it will be passes through
an additional component called dryer
dryer acts as a dirt filter and absorb
if there is moisture in the refrigerant
this ensures that refrigerant is clean
and dry before entering the expansion
valve
expansion valve expansion valve serves
to reduce the pressure and control the
flow of refrigerant going into the
evaporator when the pressure of
refrigerant has declined drastically the
temperature will drop dramatically which
is lower than chilled water temperature
in a centralized system expansion device
dxv thermal expansion valve type is used
it works according to the temperature of
the refrigerant which comes out from the
evaporator sensing bulb placed on
outflow of the evaporator works to
detects temperature of the refrigerant
and sends a signal to TXV needle valve
in the TX v will control the flow of
refrigerant based on the transmitted
signal
evaporator
refrigerants in low pressure liquid form
coming out from the expansion valve will
flow into the evaporator at low
temperature in evaporator the heat from
the chilled water which comes out from
the air handling unit will be absorbed
by the refrigerant due to the
temperature different produced when the
liquid refrigerant with low temperature
and pressure absorb heat from the
chilled water the refrigerant will
evaporate to low pressure gas the
evaporator most commonly is used
shell-and-tube type where the
refrigerant flow in the tube and the
water flooded the shell the evaporator
is insulated with an insulation to
reduce heat transfer the refrigerant in
low pressure gas will return to the
compressor and continue to the next
cycle chilled water cycle
chilled water cycle consists of two
basic components which are air handling
unit and water pump air handling units
air handling unit is a place where cold
air is produced before it can be
distributed it consists of several key
components such as cooling coil fan fan
motor belting filters and the casing
chilled water produced in the evaporator
will be flow into the air handling unit
through a pipeline which is marked with
dark blue color this chilled water is
known as chilled water supply in air
handling units chilled water will then
pass through the cooling coil
in the cooling coil the hot air will go
through the cooling coil and switch to
cold air due to the heat transferred to
chilled water cooling coil are commonly
used in this system our tube and fin
after absorbing heat from the hot air
the chilled water will be known as
chilled water returned normally chilled
water return pipe will be colored with
light blue chilled water return will
return back to the chiller to transfer
the heat absorbed to the refrigerant in
the evaporator water pump this cycle
will continue as long as the pump is
functioning well the pump used in the
system is centrifugal type the
centrifugal pump works based on
centrifugal force produced by the
rotating impeller in the pump casing for
air flow system it is operated using an
auxiliary fan which to create the air
cycle from the room and mix it with
fresh air from the outside to the air
handling unit and return back to the
room type of fan used was centrifugal
fan and powered by a motor and connected
through a belting the air flowing
through a channel is called ducting
there are two types of air duct which
are supply air duct and return air duct
these air duct are coated with
insulating material consisting of
fiberglass wrapping with aluminium foil
it reduce heat transfer from the
environment to the air duct air return
to the air handling unit will pass
through the filter before passing
through a cooling coil and return back
to the room this to ensure that the air
returned into the room in a clean
condition condense a water cycle
condenser water cycle consists of two
basic components which are cooling tower
and water pump
cooling tower cooling tower serves to
cool down the temperature of condenser
water that will be used to absorb heat
in the refrigerants at the condenser it
consists of several components which are
motor sprinkler blade water fin water
reservoir boys and make up water tank
dings from the condenser in chiller
condenser water flow to the cooling
tower with the help of a centrifugal
pumps this chilled water is called
condenser water return this condenser
water will pass through the rotating
sprinkler blades on cooling towers this
rotating rotor blades using pressure
generated by the condenser water itself
water will gush down through the fins
are to reduce the speed of water going
down this can delay the time and the
heat can be absorbed more effectively by
the surrounding air that passing through
the fins air through the fins is forced
by a rotating fan on the sprinkler blade
rotated by the motor this fan rotates
with its gusts upwards this will cause
the air to move from the bottom to the
top of the cooling tower where it is
opposite to the flow of the condenser
water condenser water which have
eliminated their heat by the surrounding
air will accumulate in the basin under
the cooling tower condense the water
that flowing out from cooling tower to
the chiller is called condenser water
supply this condenser water will flow
back to the chiller to continue heat
absorbing work from the refrigerant the
boy system at the water basin is
connected to the make up water tank it
works for adding water when the water
level in the basin decreases at certain
level due to evaporation this condenser
water cycle will continuously flow as
long as the centrifugal pump is in good
working condition
this explanation hopefully will enhance
the student comprehension regarding the
system the centralized air conditioning
is the commonly used system and it's
very important to the student to well
known the system
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