Soil Fertility | Soil Erosion | Soil Conservation | Part 3 | Home Revise
Summary
TLDRThe video explains soil fertility, its importance for plant growth, and how different types of soil vary in their ability to support crops. It discusses the natural and artificial methods to maintain soil fertility, such as atmospheric nitrogen fixation, use of fertilizers, and crop rotation. The video also highlights the causes and effects of soil erosion, such as wind, rain, and human activities, and suggests conservation techniques like afforestation, terraced farming, and strip cropping to prevent erosion and preserve soil health.
Takeaways
- 🌱 Soil fertility is crucial for plant growth and provides plants with essential nutrients.
- 🧂 Plants absorb minerals like sulphates and carbonates of sodium and potassium from the soil.
- 💧 Water in the soil dissolves minerals and oxygen, which are vital for plant growth.
- 🌾 Nitrogen is essential for plant growth and is absorbed in the form of soluble nitrogen compounds.
- 🌍 Alluvial soil is the most fertile, supporting intensive cultivation, while desert and laterite soils are less fertile.
- 🔄 Soil fertility can be maintained through natural methods like atmospheric nitrogen conversion and symbiotic bacteria.
- 🧪 Artificial methods, including fertilizers and crop rotation, help restore soil fertility.
- 💨 Soil erosion occurs due to wind, rain, floods, and human activities, leading to loss of topsoil and fertility.
- 🌳 Soil conservation can be achieved through afforestation, terraced farming, contour plowing, and strip cropping.
- 🏞 Overgrazing, deforestation, and improper land use lead to increased soil erosion and environmental damage.
Q & A
What key factors contribute to the growth of plants in soil?
-The fertility of the soil is the key factor for the growth of plants, as it provides essential minerals, salts, moisture, and nitrogen.
What minerals do plants derive from the soil?
-Plants derive minerals and salts such as sulfates and carbonates of sodium and potassium from the soil.
How do plants obtain nitrogen from the soil, and why is it important?
-Plants absorb nitrogen in the form of soluble nitrogen compounds, which are crucial for growth and development, as nitrogen is a key constituent of proteins.
Which types of soil are most fertile for supporting crops?
-Alluvial soil is the most fertile and can support a variety of crops, while black soil is also fertile and suitable for crops like cotton, sugarcane, and groundnut.
Why is red soil less fertile compared to other soil types?
-Red soil is less fertile because it requires fertilizers to improve its fertility, unlike alluvial or black soil.
What natural processes help maintain soil fertility?
-Natural processes like atmospheric nitrogen conversion during lightning discharge and symbiotic bacteria in leguminous plant roots help maintain soil fertility by enriching the soil with soluble nitrogen compounds.
What are the artificial methods used to maintain soil fertility?
-Artificial methods include using fertilizers like nitrogenous, phosphatic, and potassium fertilizers, as well as practicing crop rotation to restore soil nutrients.
What is soil erosion, and what causes it?
-Soil erosion is the process of soil being carried away by natural forces like wind, rain, floods, and human activities such as deforestation and improper tillage.
What are some of the effects of soil erosion?
-Soil erosion can lead to environmental degradation, turning forests into deserts, causing landslides, food scarcity, and sudden floods.
What are the methods used to prevent soil erosion?
-Soil conservation methods include afforestation, terraced farming, constructing buns, contour plowing, strip cropping, planting trees, and ensuring proper drainage and irrigation.
Outlines
🌱 Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition
This section introduces the concept of soil fertility and its importance in plant growth. Plants derive essential minerals and moisture from the soil, including sodium, potassium, and nitrogen compounds. Nitrogen, a key component of proteins, is crucial for plant development. The paragraph explains how different soil types support agriculture: alluvial soil is highly fertile, black soil is good for crops like cotton and sugar cane, while red, laterite, desert, and mountain soils vary in fertility. The section also touches on the need to replenish soil minerals over time to maintain fertility.
🧪 Methods for Maintaining Soil Fertility
This part discusses both natural and artificial methods of maintaining soil fertility. Natural processes include atmospheric nitrogen conversion through lightning and symbiotic bacteria in leguminous plants. Artificial methods focus on fertilizers and crop rotation. Nitrogenous, phosphatic, potassium, and complex fertilizers are used by farmers to enhance soil nutrient content. Crop rotation is described as planting different crops in successive seasons to replenish soil nutrients, particularly nitrogen, improving long-term fertility.
🌬️ Causes and Effects of Soil Erosion
This section defines soil erosion as the displacement of soil due to natural forces like wind and water. Various causes of soil erosion are outlined: strong winds, rain, improper tillage, floods, overgrazing, and human activities such as deforestation. The paragraph also describes the damaging effects of soil erosion, such as desertification, food scarcity, landslides, and floods, all of which can have severe environmental and economic impacts.
🌳 Methods for Soil Conservation
This final section highlights strategies for conserving soil and preventing erosion. Key methods include afforestation (planting trees to bind soil), terraced farming on hillsides, constructing mud buns to slow water flow, contour plowing to prevent runoff, and strip cropping. It also emphasizes planting trees to protect against wind erosion and implementing proper drainage and irrigation systems to sustain soil quality. These practices are essential for maintaining healthy soil and supporting agriculture.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Soil fertility
💡Minerals
💡Nitrogen
💡Soil erosion
💡Crop rotation
💡Alluvial soil
💡Artificial fertilizers
💡Soil conservation
💡Symbiotic bacteria
💡Afforestation
Highlights
Soil fertility is key for plant growth.
Plants derive minerals and salts from soil.
Moisture in soil dissolves minerals and oxygen needed by plants.
Nitrogen is essential for plant growth and development.
Soil fertility is the ability to support crop growth.
Alluvial soil is the most fertile and suitable for cultivation.
Black soil is good for crops like cotton, sugar cane, and ground nut.
Red soil is less fertile and requires fertilizers.
Laterite soil is poor in fertility due to leaching by heavy rains.
Desert soil is dry and supports little vegetation.
Mountain soil varies with altitude and slope.
Continuous cropping depletes soil minerals leading to infertility.
Replenishing minerals is essential to restore soil fertility.
Atmospheric nitrogen is converted to soluble nitrates by lightning and symbiotic bacteria.
Artificial methods include the use of fertilizers and crop rotation.
Nitrogenous, phosphatic, and potassium fertilizers enrich the soil.
Crop rotation helps recharge soil nutrients and maintain fertility.
Soil erosion is caused by wind, rain, improper tillage, floods, overgrazing, and human activities.
Soil erosion can lead to environmental degradation and food scarcity.
Soil conservation methods include afforestation, terraced farming, constructing bunds, contour plowing, strip cropping, and proper drainage.
Transcripts
[Music]
soil fertility
what plants get from soil
fertility of soil is the key factor for
the growth of plants in it
let us know what the plants take from
the soil
minerals
salts such as sulphates and carbonates
of sodium and potassium are derived by
plants
moisture
water present in the soil dissolves
minerals and oxygen required by plants
nitrogen
it is required for the growth and
development of plants
it is an important constituent of all
the proteins
it is absorbed by the plants in the form
of soluble nitrogen compounds
thus we can conclude that soil fertility
is the ability of soil to support the
growth of crops or other plants
fertility of different types of soil
alluvial soil is the most fertile soil
and it can support crops
this soil is intensively cultivated
black soil is also fertile and is good
for crops like cotton sugar cane and
ground nut
red soil is less fertile
it is cultivated by adding fertilizers
laterite soil is poor in fertility as it
is leeched by heavy rains
desert soil is dry and supports little
or no vegetation
mountain soil consists of several soil
types that change frequently with
altitude and slope
maintaining soil fertility
when crops are grown for successive
years in the same soil
its mineral content gets depleted and
soil becomes infertile
replenishing the mineral contents is
essential for restoring soil fertility
the following methods help to put back
the lost minerals in the soil and
maintain the soil fertility
let's have a look at them
natural methods for maintaining soil
fertility
atmospheric nitrogen is converted to
soluble nitrates in soil by two ways
one
during lightning discharge
two
symbiotic bacteria
one during lightning discharge nitrogen
and oxygen of the air combine to form
nitric oxides and nitrogen dioxide
nitrogen dioxide combines with rain
water to form nitric acid which comes
down to earth
on earth nitric acid
combines with calcium carbonate and
magnesium carbonate to form soluble
nitrates of calcium and magnesium
these enrich the soil with nitrates
two
symbiotic bacteria are present in root
nodules of leguminous plants
they directly absorb nitrogen from the
air and convert it into soluble
compounds of nitrogen
artificial methods for maintaining soil
fertility
artificial methods of maintaining soil
fertility include
the use of fertilizers
and crop rotation
farmers enrich the soil by adding
fertilizers
the fertilizers used by them are as
follows
nitrogenous fertilizers are urea
ammonium sulphate
calcium ammonium nitrate
phosphatic fertilizers
are single super phosphate
triple super phosphate
dicalcium phosphate
potassium fertilizers
are muriate of potash
and potassium sulfate
complex fertilizers are nitrophosphate
ammonium phosphate
urea and
npk
that is sodium phosphorus and potash
fertilizer
crop rotation is a practice of growing
different types of crops alternatively
in a field which helps recharge the soil
with nutrients
and thereby maintain soil fertility
for example
if a crop of wheat is raised in one
season
then the crop of pulses
gram
or peas is grown in the next season to
replenish nitrate
soil erosion
what is soil erosion
soil does not remain stationary
it is constantly changing by the action
of the sun
wind
rain
rivers ocean currents and other natural
agents
due to the action of wind and water the
soil is carried away from one place to
another
the top soil being soft and light is
carried away more easily
this damages and wears out the soil
this process of the varying and carrying
away of the soil by natural forces is
called soil erosion
causes of soil erosion
one
wind
wind causes soil erosion as the
particles of topsoil
are blown away by strong winds
two
rain
[Music]
rain falling on unprotected top soil
washes it down into the stream causing
soil erosion
this happens due to deforestation
three
improper tillage
farmers usually loosen the topsoil for
removing weeds and preparing seed beds
they sometimes leave the field fallow
that is without sowing any crop for a
long period
due to these activities top soil is left
exposed to wind and water and causes
soil erosion
for
floods
when the rivers are flooded with water
again and again
this water removes top soil of the
fields near the river banks
5.
over grazing
overgrazing by animals on particular
area leaves the soil barren
this barren soil is prone to erosion by
wind and rain
six
human activities
in order to provide housing to the
increasing population
man has done deforestation
once vegetation is removed the naked
land gets exposed and is easily eroded
by the wind and water
effects of soil erosion
one soil erosion can turn lush green
forests into deserts and spoil the
environment
2. soil erosion can lead to excessive
scarcity of food
3. soil erosion can cause landslides in
hilly areas
4.
soil erosion can cause sudden floods
soil conservation
the following steps have been suggested
for soil conservation
a forestation
the roots of plants bind the soil
particles together
hence planting more trees helps in
conserving soil
land should not be left uncultivated or
barren for long since the roots of
plants hold the soil together and
prevent soil erosion
terraced farming
the steep slopes of hills are cut in a
series of flat fields in the form of
steps
this is effective in controlling soil
erosion
constructing buns
across hill slopes and field boundaries
is effective in reducing soil erosion
buns are low mud walls that help to
obstruct the rapid flow of water
contour plowing
is plowing along the outline of the
field in a circular manner
this prevents the soil from being washed
away by running water
strip cropping
it is the planting of alternate rows of
different kinds of crops
instead of leaving strips of land
uncultivated
planting trees
to reduce the effect of strong wind
tall trees should be grown around the
fields in two or three rows
proper drainage and irrigation should be
made in the fields
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you
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