Medical Terminology Signs and Symptoms and Pathology of the Eyes

Summary

This medical video by Dr. A discusses the signs, symptoms, and pathologies related to the eye. It covers a wide range of conditions including drooping eyelids (blepharoptosis), double vision (diplopia), night blindness (nyctalopia), and age-related vision changes (presbyopia). The video also highlights common eye pathologies such as cataracts, glaucoma, and macular degeneration, explaining their causes and effects on vision. Additionally, it explores infections like conjunctivitis (pink eye) and more serious conditions like retinal detachment and retinoblastoma, providing valuable insight into various eye disorders.

Takeaways

• 👁️ Blepharoptosis is a drooping eyelid, while cycloplegia refers to the paralysis of the ciliary body.
• 👁️ Nyctalopia is night blindness, and presbyopia involves vision changes due to aging.
• 🧠 Amblyopia, also called lazy eye, is a loss of vision not caused by eye pathology.
• 👓 Hyperopia (farsightedness) means trouble seeing up close, while myopia (nearsightedness) is difficulty seeing far away.
• ⚠️ Glaucoma is increased intraocular pressure that can lead to blindness, while cataracts cause a cloudy lens and diminished vision.
• 🔴 Retinal detachment is the separation of the retina, which can cause blindness, while retinitis pigmentosa is a progressive disease leading to retinal hardening.
• 🦠 Conjunctivitis (pink eye) is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, often due to bacterial infection.
• 💧 Dacryoadenitis and dacryocystitis involve inflammation of the lacrimal gland and sac, respectively.
• 👀 Estropia (cross-eyed) and exotropia (wall-eyed) are forms of strabismus, where the eyes turn inward or outward.
• 🧠 Hemianopia is the loss of vision in half of the visual field, often following a stroke, and nystagmus involves involuntary jerky eye movements.

Q & A

What is blepharoptosis?

Blepharoptosis is the drooping of the eyelid.

What does cycloplegia refer to?

Cycloplegia refers to the paralysis of the ciliary body.

What is the condition of double vision called?

Double vision is known as diplopia.

What is emmetropia?

Emmetropia is a state of normal vision.

What is the cause of night blindness, and what is its medical term?

Night blindness is caused by difficulty seeing in dim light, and it is medically referred to as nyctalopia.

What is ophthalmoplegia?

Ophthalmoplegia is the paralysis of one or more of the extraocular eye muscles.

What is the difference between hyperopia and myopia?

Hyperopia, or farsightedness, is when a person can see distant objects clearly but has difficulty seeing up close, whereas myopia, or nearsightedness, is when a person can see close objects clearly but has difficulty seeing distant objects.

What does glaucoma cause, and what are its potential consequences?

Glaucoma causes increased intraocular pressure, which can result in optic nerve atrophy and lead to blindness.

What is amblyopia, and how is it commonly referred to?

Amblyopia is a loss of vision not due to eye pathology, and it is commonly referred to as a lazy eye.

What is the significance of a cataract in vision?

A cataract is the development of an opaque or cloudy lens, which results in diminished vision.

What is retinoblastoma, and who does it affect?

Retinoblastoma is a malignant eye tumor that occurs in children.

What is conjunctivitis, and what is its common name?

Conjunctivitis is inflammation of the conjunctiva, usually caused by a bacterial infection, and it is commonly known as pink eye.

What is strabismus, and what are its different types?

Strabismus is an eye muscle weakness resulting in eyes looking in different directions simultaneously. Esotropia is inward turning (cross-eyed), and exotropia is outward turning (wall-eyed).

What is macular degeneration, and which part of the eye does it affect?

Macular degeneration is the deterioration of the macular area of the retina, which is responsible for central vision.

What does retinal detachment result in, and how does it occur?

Retinal detachment is the separation of the retina from the choroid layer, damaging blood vessels and nerves, which can result in blindness. It can occur from trauma, such as a blow to the head.

What is photophobia?

Photophobia is a strong sensitivity to bright light.

What is the condition where there is loss of vision in half of the visual field?

Hemianopia is the loss of vision in half of the visual field, often resulting from a stroke.

Outlines

00:00

👁️ Signs, Symptoms, and Pathologies of the Eye

The first paragraph introduces various medical terminologies related to eye conditions, focusing on signs and symptoms. Terms like *blepharoptosis* (drooping eyelid), *cycloplegia* (paralysis of the ciliary body), *diplopia* (double vision), and *emmetropia* (normal vision) are explained. Additional conditions such as *nyctalopia* (night blindness), *photophobia* (light sensitivity), and *presbyopia* (age-related vision changes) are discussed. Eye-related pain and paralysis conditions like *ophthalmalgia* (eye pain) and *ophthalmoplegia* (paralysis of eye muscles) are also covered. Moreover, pathologies including *papilledema* (swelling of the optic disc), *xerophthalmia* (dry eyes), and *scleromalacia* (softening of the sclera) are introduced.

05:04

👓 Pathologies Affecting the Eye and Vision

The second paragraph delves into various eye pathologies and abnormalities. Conditions such as *achromatopsia* (complete color blindness), *amblyopia* (lazy eye), and *astigmatism* (uneven focusing of light rays due to corneal curvature) are discussed. Other common eye problems include *cataracts* (cloudy lens), *glaucoma* (increased intraocular pressure), and *hyperopia* (farsightedness). The discussion also covers *myopia* (nearsightedness), *oculomycosis* (fungal infection), and *retinal detachment*. Diseases affecting the retina, such as *retinitis pigmentosa* and *retinoblastoma* (malignant eye tumor in children), along with inflammation-related conditions like *keratitis* (inflammation of the cornea) and *uveitis* (inflammation of the choroid layer), are explained in detail.

Keywords

💡Blepharoptosis

Blepharoptosis refers to the drooping of the upper eyelid. It is a condition mentioned in the video as one of the key signs and symptoms of eye pathologies. The drooping may affect one or both eyes and can result from issues like muscle weakness or nerve damage.

💡Diplopia

Diplopia is the condition of experiencing double vision, where a person sees two images of a single object. This condition is highlighted as one of the common visual symptoms and can be caused by misalignment of the eyes or problems with the extraocular muscles.

💡Photophobia

Photophobia is the abnormal sensitivity to bright light. In the video, it is discussed as one of the symptoms that could indicate various underlying eye issues. People with photophobia often experience discomfort or pain when exposed to light.

💡Cataract

A cataract is described as the development of cloudiness or opacity in the eye's lens, which leads to diminished vision. The video emphasizes that cataracts are a common eye pathology, especially in older adults, and affect the ability to see clearly.

💡Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a condition involving increased intraocular pressure, which can lead to optic nerve damage and potentially cause blindness. The video stresses that untreated glaucoma can result in irreversible vision loss, making early detection crucial.

💡Hyperopia

Hyperopia, also known as farsightedness, is a condition where a person can see distant objects clearly but struggles with near vision. The video explains how light focuses past the retina in hyperopia, causing difficulties with activities such as reading without corrective lenses.

💡Myopia

Myopia, or nearsightedness, is a condition where individuals can see close objects clearly but have difficulty with distant vision. The video illustrates how in myopia, light focuses in front of the retina, making distant objects appear blurry.

💡Retinal Detachment

Retinal detachment refers to the separation of the retina from its underlying supportive tissues, which can lead to blindness if not treated promptly. The video describes how retinal detachment may occur due to trauma, such as a blow to the head, and emphasizes the importance of urgent medical care.

💡Conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis, commonly known as pink eye, is the inflammation of the conjunctiva, often due to bacterial infection. The video mentions it as one of the most common eye pathologies, characterized by redness, swelling, and irritation of the eye.

💡Strabismus

Strabismus is a condition in which the eyes are misaligned and do not look in the same direction at the same time. The video discusses two types of strabismus: esotropia (inward turning) and exotropia (outward turning), both of which result from eye muscle weakness.

Highlights

Blepharoptosis is a drooping eyelid.

Cycloplegia is the paralysis of the ciliary body.

Diplopia is double vision.

Emmetropia is a state of normal vision.

Iridoplasia is the paralysis of the iris.

Nyctalopia is difficulty seeing in dim light, also known as night blindness.

Ophthalmalgia is eye pain.

Ophthalmoplegia is the paralysis of one or more of the extraocular eye muscles.

Ophthalmorrhagia is bleeding from the eye.

Papilledema is the swelling of the optic disc, also called a choked disc.

Photophobia is a strong sensitivity to bright light.

Presbyopia is expected changes in vision due to normal aging.

Scleromalacia is a softening of the sclera.

Xerophthalmia is a condition of dry eyes.

Achromatopsia is a severe congenital deficiency in color vision, complete color blindness.

Amblyopia is a loss of vision not as a result of eye pathology, commonly called a lazy eye.

Astigmatism is a condition where light rays are focused unevenly on the retina due to an abnormal curvature of the cornea.

Cataract is the development of an opaque or cloudy lens, resulting in diminished vision.

Glaucoma is an increase in intraocular pressure that can result in blindness.

Hyperopia is a condition where a person can see things in the distance but has trouble reading material at close range, also called farsightedness.

Iritis is an inflammation of the iris.

Keratitis is an inflammation of the cornea.

Macular degeneration is the deterioration of the macular area of the retina.

Myopia is a condition where a person can see clearly up close but not at a distance, also called nearsightedness.

Oculomycosis is a fungus infection of the eye.

Retinal detachment is a separation of the retina from the chloride layer, which can cause blindness.

Retinitis Pigmentosa is a progressive disease in which the retina becomes hard pigmented and atrophied.

Conjunctivitis is inflammation of the conjunctiva, usually from bacterial infection, also called pink eye.

Hemianopia is a loss of vision in half of the visual field, often the result of a stroke.

Nystagmus is a jerky involuntary eye movement, often indicating brain injury.

Transcripts

hi this is Dr A with your medical terminology video on the signs and

symptoms and pathologies of the eye so we're going to start with signs and

symptoms so blepharoptosis is a drooping eyelid

cycloplegia is the paralysis of the ciliary body

diplopia is double vision and emmetropia is a state of normal vision

iridoplasia is the paralysis of the iris and nyctalopia is difficulty seeing in

dim light also known as night blindness Ophthalmalgia is eye pain

ophthalmoplegia is the paralysis of one or more of the extraocular eye muscles

ophthalmorrhagia is bleeding from the eye

papilledema is the swelling of the optic disc it's also called a choked disc

photophobia is a strong sensitivity to Bright Light and presbyopia is expected

changes in vision due to normal aging scleromalacia is a softening of the

sclera and xerophthalmia is a condition of dry eyes

next we're going to go over some eyeball pathology

so achromatopsia is a severe congenital deficiency in color vision it is a

complete color blindness amblyopia is a loss of vision not as a

result of eye pathology it is commonly called a lazy eye amblyo means dull

astigmatism is a condition in which light rays are focused unevenly on the

retina due to an abnormal curvature of the cornea and ah means no and

stigmato means points so no point it doesn't come to precise points for the

focusing of the light rays cataract is the development of an opaque

or cloudy lens and and this results in diminished vision

a corneal abrasion is a scraping injury to the cornea

this is an example of what a cataract would look like you can see the

cloudiness and opacity in that lens glaucoma is an increase in intraocular

pressure it can result in an atrophy of the optic nerve and blindness

hyperopia is a condition in which a person can see things in the distance

but has trouble reading material at close range it is also called

farsightedness iritis is an inflammation of the iris

and keratitis is an inflammation of the cornea so here is an illustration of

hyperopia or farsightedness and so what happens is the way the cornea and lens

bend the light rays is it focuses the image past the retina and so therefore

it's blurry and hard to see and with the corrective lenses the corrective lenses

bend the light rays so that the image is appropriately focused on the retina on

the back of the eye to be legally blind is to be severely

impaired with severely impaired Vision um the visual Acuity of 20 to 200 that

cannot be improved with corrective lenses or a visual field of less than 20

degrees macular degeneration is the

deterioration of the macular area of the retina which is the area of vision

monochromatism is the inability to perceive one color and myopia is a

condition in which a person can see clearly up close but not at a distance

it is also called nearsightedness and myo means shut and that's because people

are nearsighted will kind of squint and almost shut their eyes to try to be able

to focus and see what's in the distance so here's an illustration of myopia or

nearsightedness and you can see here where the image is

focused in front of but not on the retina not on the back of the eyeball so it's a

little bit ahead there and so that makes it blurry and if you have corrective

lenses then it allows the image to be focused on the proper area of the retina

oculomycosis is a fungus infection of the eye retinal detachment is a

separation of the retina from the chloride layer layer and this damages

the blood vessels and nerves and it can cause blindness and this can happen with

a blow to the head for example retinitis Pigmentosa is a progressive

disease in which the retina becomes hard pigmented and atrophied and

retinoblastoma is a malignant eye tumor occurring in children

retinopathy is a general term for a disease affecting the retina and is

often related to diabetes and or high blood pressure

scleritis is an inflammation of the sclera

and uveitis is an inflammation of the choroid layer of the eye

so next we have conjunctiva pathology so conjunctivitis is inflammation of the

conjunctiva usually from bacterial infection it is also called pink eye

pterygium is a hypertrophied conjunctival tissue in the inner corner

of the eye blepharitis is an inflammation of the

eyelid because now we're in eyelid pathology and hordeolum is a purulent

inflammatory infection of the sebaceous gland of the eyelid it is also called a

stye you can spell it s-t-y-e or s-t-y

and then lacrimal apparatus pathology we have dacryoadenitis it's an

inflammation of the lacrimal gland because gland is Adeno and dacryo is

tear and then we have dacryocystitis is an inflammation of the lacrimal sac

because sac is cyst and then we have eye muscle pathology we

have estropia is an inward turning of the eye people with this form of

strabismus are sometimes said to be cross-eyed and exotropia is an outward

turning it up people with this form of strabismus are sometimes said to be

wall-eyed and then strabismus is eye muscle weakness that results in the eyes

looking in different directions at the same time

and then we have brain-related vision pathologies so we have

hemianopia is a loss of vision in half of the visual field and is often

the result of a stroke and nystagmus is a jerky involuntary eye movement it

often indicates brain injury and eyes just moving a little bit there without

you know voluntary control all right so that should wrap it up for

our pathologies that are related to the eye and in the signs and symptoms

related to the eye