07 Muhammad, the Hadith, and Imam Bukhari
Summary
TLDRCe script traite de l'importance des Hadiths en Islam, les paroles et actions du prophète Mahomet, qui ont guidé la vie des musulmans. Il explique l'œuvre d'Imam al-Bukhari, qui a compilé les Hadiths pendant l'âge d'or de l'islam. Le script discute de l'authenticité des Hadiths, la différence entre les traditions sunnites et chiites, et le débat sur leur véracité, soulignant leur impact sur l'islam à travers les siècles.
Takeaways
- 🕋️ Le prophète Muhammad est cité comme ayant dit que Dieu ne sera pas miséricordieux envers ceux qui ne sont pas miséricordieux envers les êtres humains.
- 📜 Les Hadith sont les paroles et les actions de Muhammad, fournissant des directives sur la manière dont un musulman devrait mener sa vie.
- 📚 Imam al-Bukhari a compilé le premier grand recueil de Hadith, considéré comme le plus authentique et donc le plus important après le Coran dans l'islam.
- 🏛️ La période de l'Âge d'or islamique (750-1258 après J.-C.) a vu de vastes contributions à l'art, aux sciences, au gouvernement et à la construction d'empire.
- 📈 L'islam est devenu plus codifié et structuré grâce aux collections de Hadith, qui ont également contribué à la scission entre les deux branches principales de l'islam : sunnites et chiites.
- 🌐 Le Coran est considéré comme révélé par Dieu à Muhammad, mais les Hadith ont été adoptés comme exemple de la meilleure façon de vivre et de se comporter.
- 🗣️ Chaque Hadith consiste en deux parties : les mots eux-mêmes et la chaîne de transmission qui explique comment les mots ont été transmis de l'époque de Muhammad jusqu'à ce qu'ils soient écrits.
- 📝 Les Hadith n'ont pas été recueillis et écrits immédiatement après la mort de Muhammad, en partie à cause de la crainte de confusion avec le Coran.
- 🧐 L'authenticité des Hadith est un sujet central dans l'étude des Hadith, et al-Bukhari a travaillé à séparer les vrais des faux Hadith parmi les dizaines de milliers de déclarations attribuées à Muhammad.
- 🌟 Al-Bukhari est né à Boukhara, en Uzbekistan moderne, et a voyagé largement dans le monde musulman pour recueillir des Hadith, entretissant avec 1080 grands savants musulmans et examinant environ 600 000 Hadith.
- 📖 Son recueil final, Sahih al-Bukhari, contient environ 7500 Hadith qu'il a jugés authentiques, couvrant un large éventail de sujets, allant de la guerre sainte à la manière de s'occuper des biens perdus.
Q & A
Quel est l'importance des hadiths dans l'islam?
-Les hadiths sont des déclarations et des actions attribuées au prophète Muhammad et fournissent des directives sur la manière dont un musulman devrait mener sa vie. Ils sont considérés comme la deuxième source de droit islamique après le Coran.
Qui était Imam al-Bukhari et pourquoi est-il important?
-Imam al-Bukhari était un savant musulman qui a compilé l'une des premières et des plus importantes collections d'hadiths. Son ouvrage, connue sous le nom de Sahih al-Bukhari, est considéré comme l'une des collections d'hadiths les plus authentiques et est largement respectée dans l'islam sunnite.
Quelle est la période de l'Âge d'or islamique auquel se réfère le script?
-L'Âge d'or islamique se réfère à la période allant de 750 à 1258 après J.C., qui couvre les contributions vastes du monde musulman aux arts, aux sciences et à la construction d'empire.
Quels sont les deux principaux branches de l'islam et en quoi diffèrent-elles en termes de hadiths?
-Les deux principaux branches de l'islam sont le sunnisme et le chiisme. Ils ont des traditions hadithiques différentes car ils ne sont pas d'accord sur la fiabilité des narrateurs ou des transmetteurs des hadiths.
Pourquoi les hadiths n'ont-ils pas été écrits pendant la vie de Muhammad?
-Selon la tradition musulmane, les déclarations de Muhammad n'ont pas été écrites pendant sa vie car il craignait que les gens ne confondent ses mots avec ceux du Coran.
Quelle était la méthode d'Imam al-Bukhari pour déterminer l'authenticité des hadiths?
-Imam al-Bukhari a interviewé des centaines de savants musulmans et a examiné les chaînes de transmission des hadiths pour déterminer leur authenticité. Il a sélectionné environ 7500 hadiths sur les 600 000 qu'il avait rassemblés, qu'il considérait comme authentiques.
Quels sont les défis associés à la compilation des hadiths selon le script?
-Les défis incluent la prolifération de faux hadiths, la nécessité de s'assurer de l'authenticité des déclarations en examinant les chaînes de transmission, et le fait que les hadiths ont été transmis oralement pendant plusieurs générations avant d'être écrits.
Quel est le rôle des hadiths dans la codification et la structuration de l'islam?
-Les hadiths ont joué un rôle clé dans la codification et la structuration de l'islam en fournissant des exemples du mode de vie et du comportement de Muhammad, qui ont été adoptés comme modèle pour les musulmans.
Quels sont les différends entre les hadiths sunnites et chiites?
-Les différends entre les hadiths sunnites et chiites reposent sur la fiabilité des narrateurs des hadiths. Les chiites considèrent que les sunnites n'ont pas de narrateurs fiables, tandis que les sunnites rejettent certains narrateurs chiites.
Quelle est la position des 'musulmans quranistes' sur les hadiths?
-Les musulmans quranistes rejettent les hadiths et considèrent que le Coran seul est suffisant. Ils ne reconnaissent pas les traditions ou les textes en dehors du Coran comme une source de révélation valable.
Outlines
📜 Introduction to Hadith and Imam al-Bukhari
Le paragraphe 1 présente le contexte historique et religieux des Hadith, c'est-à-dire les paroles et actions du prophète Muhammad en Islam. Il souligne l'importance de la foi et de la preuve pour vérifier l'authenticité de ces paroles. Le personnage d'Imam al-Bukhari est introduit en tant que compilateur des Hadith pendant l'ère dorée de l'islam, qui s'étend de 750 à 1258 après J.C. La compilation des Hadith par al-Bukhari est considérée comme un acte crucial pour la structure et la codification du Sunnisme, l'une des deux principales branches de l'islam. Le texte met également en lumière la différence entre les Hadith du Sunnisme et ceux du Chiisme, soulignant la diversité des traditions islamiques.
🌏 Pourquoi les Hadith n'ont-ils pas été écrits plus tôt?
Le paragraphe 2 explore les raisons pour lesquelles les paroles de Muhammad n'ont pas été écrites pendant sa vie, en partie en raison de la crainte de confusion avec le Coran. Il explique comment, avec le temps, un grand nombre de faux Hadith ont circulé, ce qui a conduit à la nécessité de distinguer le vrai du faux. Le paragraphe présente également la vie d'Imam al-Bukhari, depuis sa naissance à Bukhara jusqu'à son voyage à La Mecque, et comment il a commencé à étudier les Hadith dès l'âge de 10 ans. Il souligne l'importance de la compilation des Hadith comme moyen de préserver la vérité et de combattre les fausses déclarations.
🧳 Voyages d'al-Bukhari et compilation des Hadith
Le paragraphe 3 décrit le voyage d'al-Bukhari à travers le monde musulman pour recueillir des Hadith, en interviewant des centaines de savants et en rassemblant un nombre impressionnant de traditions. Il explique comment il a sélectionné parmi ces traditions pour compiler son livre, qui est devenu l'un des textes les plus authentiques et importants après le Coran. Le processus de vérification de l'authenticité des Hadith est également discuté, en soulignant l'importance de la chaîne de transmission et de la vérification de la fiabilité des sources.
🔍 Méthode de vérification des Hadith par al-Bukhari
Le paragraphe 4 se concentre sur la méthode utilisée par al-Bukhari pour vérifier l'authenticité des Hadith, en utilisant l'analogie de la recherche d'une source fiable pour une citation historique. Il explique comment al-Bukhari a cherché à établir des chaînes de transmission ininterrompues et fiables pour chaque Hadith. Le paragraphe aborde également la question de savoir si les Hadith sont vraiment les paroles de Muhammad, soulignant que, bien que la plupart des musulmans considèrent les Hadith d'al-Bukhari comme authentiques, d'autres peuvent douter de leur authenticité totale.
📚 Contenu et authenticité des Hadith d'al-Bukhari
Le paragraphe 5 examine le contenu de la collection de Hadith d'al-Bukhari, qui couvre un large éventail de sujets, allant de l'opinion de Muhammad sur la création de l'univers à des conseils sur la conduite, le mariage et le pélerinage à La Mecque. Il souligne également les défis de déterminer l'authenticité des Hadith et comment les non-musulmans peuvent être sceptiques quant à leur véracité. Le paragraphe met en avant la complexité de la question de l'authenticité et la manière dont les Hadith peuvent être interprétés de différentes manières.
🌟 Impact des Hadith et divisions entre Sunnites et Chiites
Le paragraphe 6 discute de l'impact des Hadith sur l'islam au fil des siècles, en particulier lors des moments de tension politique. Il explique comment les Hadith ont été utilisés pour renforcer la foi et la résistance face à des ennemis extérieurs. Le texte aborde également la division entre les traditions des Hadith du Sunnisme et du Chiisme, en soulignant les différences dans la fiabilité des narrateurs. Le paragraphe se termine en mentionnant les critiques des Hadith et les mouvements qui rejettent les Hadith en faveur d'une seule source de révélation, comme le Coran.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Hadith
💡Imam al-Bukhari
💡Pilgrimage (Hajj)
💡Islamic Golden Age
💡Sunni et Shia
💡Authenticité
💡Transmission (isnad)
💡Quran
💡Calife
💡Quranists
Highlights
Prophet Muhammad's sayings, known as Hadith, are central to Islamic theology.
Imam al-Bukhari is credited with the first great collection of Hadith.
The Islamic Golden Age was a period of significant contributions to arts, sciences, and government.
Hadith provide guidance on how Muslims should lead their lives.
The Sunni and Shia branches of Islam have different Hadith traditions.
Imam al-Bukhari's collection is viewed as the most authentic after the Quran.
The Quran is believed to be eternal and revealed by God to Muhammad.
Muhammad's words and actions were passed down through generations to provide guidance.
The process of authenticating Hadith involves examining the chain of transmission.
Al-Bukhari's collection was compiled over 16 years of travel and interviews with scholars.
Al-Bukhari is said to have interviewed over 1000 scholars and reviewed 600,000 Hadith.
The authenticity of Hadith is a central question in Islamic studies.
Al-Bukhari's full name reflects the importance of lineage and transmission in Hadith collection.
The Golden Rule is present in all major religions, including Islam.
The Hadith collection includes guidance on religious practices and daily life.
Western scholars remain skeptical about the absolute authenticity of Hadith.
The impact of Hadith on Islam is significant regardless of their authenticity.
Sunni and Shia differences in Hadith traditions stem from disagreements over narrator reliability.
Quranists reject Hadith and other religious traditions, believing in the Quran alone.
Transcripts
[Music]
thank you
[Music]
consider this seemingly straightforward
statement
God will not be merciful to those who
are not merciful to mankind
Islam's most important Prophet Muhammad
is said to have expressed this sentiment
but how do we know whether or not he
actually said the words
well for some it's a matter of Faith
which requires no evidentiary proof
for others the fact that the words were
written down by a man named Imam
al-buhari is all the verification of its
authenticity that they need
the Arabic word for the sayings of
Muhammad is Hadith and the Hadith or
sayings of the Prophet are one principle
subject of this lecture
but so is Imam al-bukhari the man
responsible for the first great
collection of his Hadith
al-bahari compiled his book during the
Islamic golden age from roughly 750 to
1258 A.D
and while the age encompasses the Muslim
world's vast contributions to the Arts
to The Sciences and to government and
Empire Building of all the subjects we
might consider when talking about the
Islamic Golden Age the story of the
collection of hadiths focuses most
closely on the religion of Islam itself
indeed the focus of this lecture is a
vitally important matter in Islamic
theology
at the most basic level Hadith are the
sayings and actions of Muhammad
and so they provide guidance as to how a
Muslim should properly lead his or her
life
over time it was through various
collections of Hadith that Islam became
more formally codified more structured
and more dogmatic
one demonstration of this can be found
in the fissure of the two main branches
of Islam the Sunni and the Shia
today they have different Hadith
Traditions which also started during the
Golden Age
the overwhelming majority of Islamic
scholars both living and dead view Imam
al-bukhari's book of Muhammad's
collected sayings as the most authentic
and therefore the most important
literature in the Islamic faith after
Islam's most sacred text the Quran
itself
akin to the Bible for Christians or the
Torah and other sacred texts for Jews
the Quran is held by Orthodox Muslims to
have been revealed by God to Muhammad
but the text itself is believed Eternal
meaning it predated the revelation
many early Muslims believe the Quran
held all the answers
but in time more and more Muslims felt
the need for some additional guidance
especially in matters of daily life in
this way what Muhammad said and what he
did was adopted as an example of the
best way to live and behave
so accounts of what Muhammad said and
did in his own lifetime were passed on
through a chain of transmitters from one
generation to the next and the one after
that and so on
so while examining buhari's labors in
compiling more than seven thousand
Hadith we will also consider the process
of authenticating these sayings
because authentication is a central
component of the work of all Hadith
compilers
it's important to understand that each
Hadith consists of two parts one the
words themselves which present
Muhammad's words or actions
and two the chain of transmission I just
mentioned that is how the words were
passed down from Muhammad's day up to
the point where they were written down
as Hadith
now we have to ask ourselves this
why if the Hadith was so important
weren't they collected and written down
until the start of the 9th century I.E
200 years after Muhammad's death
according to Muslim tradition
one reason Muhammad sayings weren't
written down while he was alive is
because he was worried that people might
confuse his words as belonging to the
Quran
however by al-buhari's day tens of
thousands of sayings were being
attributed to Muhammad
and it was believed that many of these
were false
forgeries and inventions
one could write an endless list of
reasons why people would want to make up
the sayings of Muhammad
but in most cases it comes down to a
simple matter of influence or power
so for example
if you were having a dispute with your
neighbor you might go and see a
sympathetic Sheikh and ask for his
advice
this man might lend you his support by
saying well Muhammad once said that your
family was noble and good and brave and
that you have the right to marry any
girl you choose and so you'd go with the
Sheikh and play the trump card with your
rival
Muhammad said so
now
this might seem like a frivolous example
but as I say there were tens of
thousands of similar examples flying
about at this time
and if One Believes the tradition
Muhammad saw the potential problem lying
ahead
there is even a Hadith attributed to him
in which he said there will be forges
Liars who will bring you Hadith which
neither you nor your forefathers have
heard
beware of them that they may not lead
you astray
and so the Muslim faithful decided that
something had to be done about the
proliferation of false Hadith
it was time to separate the wheat from
the chaff
the true sayings from the false
but how could this be reliably done more
than 200 years after Muhammad's death
and who would take on the task
well as we now know
the man to take the task on would be
none other than Abu Abdullah Muhammad
IBN Ishmael al-buhari
born in 809 or 810 in the city of
Bukhara in modern-day Uzbekistan bukhari
was the first man to take on the task of
compiling and authenticating a Hadith
collection
and in part because his was the very
first collection of Hadith it's still
seen as the most important and most
authentic at least in Sunni Islam
this is an important distinction to make
because as I've indicated Shia Islam has
its own view of what constitutes
authentic Hadith
and which Hadith collectors are to be
trusted but I'll return to that subject
later
al-buhari's birthplace in the ancient
Persian city of buhar is one of the most
important locations on the ancient Silk
Road that network of trade routes that
had since around 100 BC connected to
China and its export of silk with India
Central Asia Persia Arabia and the
Eastern Mediterranean
although the Muslim Arab invasion of
Persia started in 633 the year after
Muhammad's death the city was still only
on the very fringes of the Muslim World
by al-buhari's time nearly two centuries
later
interestingly and perhaps significantly
most great compilers of the Hadith came
from the fringes of the Clifford or
Islamic empire
perhaps their remoteness from Islam's
religious Center in Mecca and its
political capital in Baghdad made them
feel compelled to assert their place in
the faith
or perhaps it was more important to
codify the faith at its margins
in either event they did this through
Islamic scholarship that hadn't
previously been cornered by Arab
Scholars
al-buhari's father died when he was an
infant
but it seems the child was a precocious
one whose natural intelligence was
spotted Young
it's said that he started studying the
Hadith at the age of 10 and was quickly
able to challenge the opinions of older
respected Muslim Scholars
a turning point in his life came when he
was in his late teens and he made his
pilgrimage or Hajj to Mecca along with
his mother brother and other family
members
once having performed the Hajj
al-bukhari decided to stay in Mecca and
continue his Hadith studies there
now no doubt excited by being in the
religious heart of Islam
naturally enough Mecca attracted learned
men from across the Islamic World
allowing this youth to hear every
possible opinion and school of thought
then present in the Muslim faith
after some time however
al-bukhari decided that meeting just
those who made the pilgrimage to the
city wasn't a thorough enough approach
for his studies
and so he started traveling throughout
the Muslim world
for the next 16 years he journeyed
throughout the Arabian Peninsula which
covers modern Yemen Oman Saudi Arabia
the United Arab Emirates Qatar Kuwait
as well as Southern Iraq and Jordan and
he went further to Egypt Syria Iraq and
his Persian Homeland
everywhere he went he interviewed every
scholar he could amassing the widest
collection of Muhammad sayings that
anyone had ever previously attempted to
assemble
during these 16 years on the road
al-bukhari is said to have interviewed
1080 leading Muslim Scholars
between them these men provided him
something in the order of six hundred
thousand Hadith for his collection
now we should say that the book
al-bahari eventually produced didn't
include anything like that number
instead he selected about
7500 Hadith that he considered genuine
now there are a couple of things we need
to elaborate on here
one that astonishing total number of
Hadith he's said to have collected and
two how he decided which were authentic
and which were not
to start with the figure of six hundred
thousand Hadith that al-bukhari
collected on his travels deserves some
clarification
each time a Hadith is repeated or passed
down to another transmitter
the recitation by the transmitter is
also counted towards the total number of
Hadith
so if it's true that al-buhari met with
1080 Scholars during his travels and
speaking hypothetically each of them
provided him with a hundred Hadith
then the total number of sayings would
be 108 000.
now let's assume that in the 200 years
between Muhammad uttering the original
words and the time of al-bihari's day
there were an average of six
transmitters or links in the chain
suddenly the 108 000 original Hadith
adds up to almost 650
000.
thus what initially sounds like an
impossible number can quickly be reduced
to a much more realistic figure
so once al-buhari eliminated those
Hadith that were duplicates identical to
one another in every respect
the total number could be reduced even
further
still
authenticity undoubtedly remains a
central question in the matter of Hadith
studies and at the very heart of the
subject matter
to frame our thinking about this
question let's return to al-buhari's
full name by way of an example
it provides a useful illustration of his
job of compiling and authenticating
Hadith
although he is generally known today
simply as Imam al-bukhari his full name
was
now some of these are personal proper
names While others tell us about where
he comes from both geographically and in
terms of his lineage
for instance the surname al-buhari
refers to the fact that he comes from
the Persian province of Bukhara
several of his names as is common in
Arabic also tell us whose son he was and
whose son his father was and indeed who
his grandfather was the son of
in this way his family established a
demonstrable line to their family tree
or to put it another way evidence of
al-bihari's lineage through the
generations
and this is precisely what al-bukhari
was doing when he compiled his lists of
Hadith
another way we can think of this
what would you do if I stood here and
told you for instance that Abraham
Lincoln once said I like cheese
you would I hope quite rightly challenge
my claim and say oh yeah says who
well I would then be forced to respond
by saying look it's written here in this
biography of Lincoln that's just come
out
you would then press the issue by asking
and where did that biographer get this
quotation
I might reply he says it's in a
biography of Lincoln from the 1970s
and we could go together to find that
book and the line that Lincoln
reportedly uttered
and then ask ourselves okay but where
did that biographer get the line and so
on and so forth
if we wanted to show that Lincoln
actually said I like cheese we'd repeat
the process back and back until perhaps
if we were lucky we got to a first hand
account of a dinner party where when the
cheese plate was passed around Abraham
Lincoln said oh yes please I love cheese
and we could hope also that the person
who was sitting there and claimed to
have actually heard Lincoln say this was
also a reliable and trustworthy
individual
in just the same way
al-bukhari and his fellow Hadith
collectors traveled the Muslim World
speaking to Scholars who could provide
demonstrable unbroken and reliable lines
of transmission for the utterances of
Muhammad from his time to their own
now regarding President Lincoln after
writing about him and cheese to make
this point of course I had to look it up
I found the following line in several
sources
it is said that his wife Mary Todd
Lincoln had a hard time getting him to
remember to eat at all
but one of his favorite meals was fresh
fruit and nuts cheese and crackers
now note the use of it is said
as Mrs Lincoln never wrote a biography
we're relying on the statement about his
love of cheese on reported speech
and that's exactly the same question
al-buhari and his fellow Hadith
collectors had to address constantly
every major religion has at its heart a
principle known as the Golden Rule
otherwise known as the law of
reciprocity the Golden Rule holds that
you should treat others as you yourself
would like to be treated
whether Zoroastrianism Hinduism Buddhism
Sikhism or Judaism they all have some
form of this Golden Rule
in Christianity it's seen in Jesus's
instruction to love thy neighbor as
thyself
Islam's near equivalent is a saying by
Muhammad
quote none of you truly believes until
he loves for his brother what he loves
for himself
in Islam as in Christianity and all the
other religions I've just mentioned
Believers and non-believers alike can
and indeed do ask the question
how do I know that those words were
actually spoken by that person
for many Believers it might be enough
that it has been approved or sanctioned
by their religious authorities the
Priestly class and by tradition
for others this isn't enough and they
want proof or as close to proof as it's
possible to get
so that's what al-bahari was trying to
do
but was he successful
well if you're a Muslim you would
probably think that he was
and that al-buhari's Hadith collection
is authentic
however if you're from another religious
tradition or of no religion at all
you're probably going to see the Hadith
as fabricated at worst or at best
impossible to know whether or not they
are true
but regardless of one's opinion what we
need to understand now is the place in
Islamic Orthodoxy held by al-buharis and
other supposedly authentic collections
of Hadith
the full title of al-buhari's Hadith
collection is
The Abridged collection of sound reports
with chains of narration going back all
the way to the prophet regarding matters
pertaining to the prophet his practices
and his times for Muslims
it's probably just as well that it's
more typically referred to as sahih
al-bukhari or the authentic al-buhari
and it's a book that's very much
supposed to be consulted
consequently to make reference easier
the approximately 7500 Hadith are
arranged into roughly 90 broadly
thematic chapters covering a bewildering
array of subjects both religious and
temporal
here one can find everything from
Muhammad's ostensible opinion or
Revelations about the creation of the
universe
to how and when and where to pray
it also covers such areas as marriage
guidance funeral arrangements and what
to do and not do while making the Hajj
or pilgrimage to Mecca
also in this collection are rules for
conducting so-called holy war or the
Lesser Jihad
the greater or more important Jihad
being the non-violent and never-ending
struggle to be a better person
alongside more obvious religious
injunctions
the Hadith provide advice on monumenting
that is freeing one's slaves
what to do if you find Lost Property the
importance of private property and good
manners restrictions on loans and
repayments and how to control one's
temper
as al-bukhari tells us Muhammad said
the strong man is not the good wrestler
rather the strong man is the one who
controls himself when he is angry
as we think about the life and impact of
the work of Iman al-bukhari the most
important question about his collection
of Hadith and the one I suppose we'll
never have an entirely satisfactory
answer
is the question of authenticity
simply put are these Hadith what they
claim to be
are they Muhammad's authentic words or
mode of behavior
for Western and mainly non-muslim
Scholars we find it impossible to say
either way
so where does that leave us are the
Hadith true or not they might be and
then again they might not be
al-bahari's collection certainly
contains Sam Hadith that hold more
appeal than others at least from the
perspective of 21st century non-muslims
many Express kindness compassion and
love for others
then again any number of other things
communicate a more violent message
including Hadith that may be
objectionable or simply wrong not to
mention those that come across perhaps
as nonsensical
one can find numerous expressions of 7th
Century mores regarding gender
discrimination and a great deal more
and let's not forget those 200 years
prior to the written record of the
Hadith
these are words that pass down through
five six or seven generations
Scholars shakes and ordinary men and
women could of course select or choose
Hadith that suited their own opinion or
purpose at any given time
so the difficulty in reading them today
is that unless you are prepared to
employ Blind Faith and accept every
single word as literal truth
then there might be a great deal to
object to
of course one could say the same about
reading any number of other religious
texts
Muhammad may have said some of the words
and not others
even those Hadith that may be false
aren't necessarily or deliberately
fabricated
but then again they might be
now if that answer appears pusillanimous
or disappointing
what I can say without equivocation is
that the majority of Western Scholars
including some Muslim ones retain a
degree of skepticism regarding the
veracity of claims about the hadith's
absolute authenticity
to put it more plainly
the burden of evidence required to
demonstrate that something is true
beyond all Reasonable Doubt was far less
rigorous in the 9th century when
al-bahari was traveling around the
Middle East than it would be in the
modern era
now this isn't to criticize or defend
al-bukhari but rather just to lay out
the facts
some might find an open-ended conclusion
disappointing
but if we care about employing today's
scholarly standards there's not a great
deal one can add at this time
it may go without saying that the same
critique about proving the objective
reality of words could just as easily be
applied to words that may or may not
have been recited by Jesus the Old
Testament prophets and the Buddha
what we can discern with much greater
certainty is the importance and impact
that al-buhari and the other Hadith
collections considered to be authentic
had for Islam down the centuries
the late historian of the Arab world
Professor Albert harani of Saint
Anthony's College Oxford once wrote of
the Hadith
no less important than the question of
their Origins is that of the way in
which they have been used
at moments of political tension when the
enemy was at the gates
the ruler might ask the religious
Scholars to read selections from bukhari
in the great mosque
as a kind of assurance of what God had
done for his people
another important point about the Hadith
that remains relevant to Islam in the
present day
is the fact that sunny and Shia Muslims
continue to follow different Hadith
traditions
why
well unlike many matters relating to
religious differences this question has
a relatively easy answer
sunny and Shia Hadith collections differ
because these two distinct branches
don't agree about the reliability of the
narrators or transmitters of the Hadith
for example
there are those narrators who from the
very beginning of Islamic history sided
with the right of Abu Bakr and Omar to
be the first and second calebs or
successes to Muhammad after his death
on the other hand
there were those who supported Ali
Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law as the
rightful first caliph
I would become the fourth caliph
following the death of Muhammad
but this leadership dispute remains at
the heart of the enduring Sunni Shia
split
I'm going to end here with an
observation that I find of interest
because it gets to the heart of the
problem inherent in so many questions
about religious authenticity and
otherwise
and it's this
Hadith critics and Hadith rejecters as
they are sometimes called exist not only
outside of Islam but within the faith
itself
believing that the Quran alone is
sufficient these Muslim quranists as
they're also known
show complete disregard for any text
Beyond or outside of Islam's Central
statement of faith including the Hadith
that came afterward
one prominent Hadith rejecter during the
Golden Age was the Arabic author
al-jahid
one of the most prominent and important
authors of his day al-jahz remains
widely read and respected for his
literary skills
now although the quranists are
considered heterodox and so on the
fringes of mainstream Islam
we find parallels to them in the other
two great abrahamic religions namely
Judaism and Christianity
indeed quranism is similar to the
current movement in Judaism and in
Protestant Christianity the Sola
scriptura or scripture alone movement
both karate Judaism and the solar
scriptura movement reject oral tradition
as passed down through the generations
of Believers as a valid source of
Revelation
like Jewish karites and Protestant
followers of Sola scriptura
Muslim quranists simply don't hold with
Hadith or other forms of widely held
religious tradition
so the Hadith are accepted as articles
of faith and wisdom by most Muslims but
rejected by some
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