Skin Cancer, Causes, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment.
Summary
TLDRThis video discusses skin cancer, highlighting three main types: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. It explains their development, risk factors, symptoms, and diagnosis methods. The video also covers treatment options, emphasizing early detection for better outcomes and the importance of sun protection and avoiding artificial tanning beds.
Takeaways
- 📝 Skin cancer is a cancer type that arises from the skin, often developing in sun-exposed areas but can also form on non-sun-exposed skin.
- 📚 There are three major types of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and melanoma.
- 📚 Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) includes basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas, with BCC being the most common, accounting for about 80% of NMSC cases.
- 📚 Basal cell carcinoma typically grows slowly and is unlikely to spread or become life-threatening, while squamous cell carcinoma is more likely to spread.
- 📚 Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer, which can develop anywhere on the body from melanocytes and can be cured if detected early.
- 📚 Melanoma is the least frequent but can be deadly if untreated, causing 55,000 deaths worldwide in 2012.
- 📝 People with fair skin, especially those in South Africa, New Zealand, and Australia, have the highest rates of melanoma.
- 📝 The primary environmental cause of skin cancer is ultraviolet radiation from sun exposure, but other factors like smoking, HPV infections, ionizing radiation, and immunosuppressive medications also contribute.
- 📝 Risk factors for skin cancer include fair skin, history of sunburns, excessive sun exposure, moles, family history of skin cancer, weakened immune system, and exposure to certain substances like arsenic.
- 📝 Symptoms of skin cancer can include painless raised areas, hard lumps, changes in moles, dark lesions on palms or soles, and scar-like lesions.
- 📝 Diagnosis involves skin examination and biopsy, and treatment options range from simple removal to more complex therapies like chemotherapy, radiation, and immunotherapy, depending on the cancer's size, type, and stage.
Q & A
What are the three major types of skin cancer mentioned in the script?
-The three major types of skin cancer are basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and melanoma.
What is the difference between non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and melanoma?
-Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) includes basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, which are less likely to spread and cause death. Melanoma is more aggressive, can develop anywhere on the body, and if left untreated, can spread to other parts of the body and may lead to death.
Which type of skin cancer is the most common and what percentage of NMSC does it account for?
-Basal cell carcinoma is the most common, accounting for about eighty percent of non-melanoma skin cancer.
How likely is squamous cell carcinoma to spread compared to basal cell carcinoma?
-Squamous cell carcinoma is more likely to spread compared to basal cell carcinoma.
What are some risk factors for developing skin cancer other than sun exposure?
-Other risk factors include smoking, tobacco use, HPV infections, ionizing radiation, use of artificial tanning beds, immunosuppressive medications, certain genetic syndromes, fair skin, a history of sunburns, excessive sun exposure, moles, living in sunny or high-altitude climates, family history of skin cancer, a weakened immune system, and exposure to certain substances like arsenic.
What are the symptoms that might indicate the presence of skin cancer?
-Symptoms include a painless raised area of skin that may be shiny with blood vessels, a hard lump with a scaly top, a mole that has changed in size or color, has irregular edges, or bleeds, dark lesions on the palms, soles, fingertips, or toes, and a flat, flesh-colored or brown scar-like lesion.
What diagnostic methods are used to determine if changes on the skin are skin cancer?
-A doctor will examine the skin, and if necessary, perform a skin biopsy where suspicious skin is removed and tested in a lab to determine the presence and type of skin cancer.
How are the stages of non-melanoma skin cancer defined?
-Non-melanoma skin cancer stages range from stage 0, where the cancer is confined to the epidermis, to stage 4, where cancer has spread to the lymph nodes and bone or tissue, and the cancer is larger than three centimeters.
What are the treatment options for skin cancer if it is small and limited to the surface of the skin?
-If the cancer is small and limited to the surface, removing the cancerous growth through a skin biopsy may be the only treatment required.
What are some additional treatment options for skin cancer beyond simple removal?
-Additional treatment options include cryosurgery (freezing with liquid nitrogen), excisional surgery, Mohs surgery for larger, recurring, or hard-to-treat skin cancer, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, photodynamic therapy, and biologic immunotherapy for melanomas.
What are some biologic immunotherapy agents used for treating melanomas?
-Biologic immunotherapy agents used for treating melanomas include ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, and nivolumab.
Outlines
🌞 Understanding Skin Cancer
This paragraph discusses skin cancer, a disease that originates from the skin and is often linked to sun exposure. It details three primary types: basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and melanoma. BCC is the most common, usually slow-growing and unlikely to metastasize, while SCC is more likely to spread and can occur in less sun-exposed areas of dark-skinned individuals. Melanoma is the most aggressive, originating from melanocytes and capable of developing anywhere on the body. Early detection and treatment are crucial for melanoma, as it can be fatal if untreated. The paragraph also covers environmental and lifestyle factors contributing to skin cancer risk, such as UV radiation, tobacco use, HPV infections, ionizing radiation, and immunosuppressive medications. It also mentions genetic syndromes and other risk factors like fair skin, sunburns, and a family history of skin cancer.
🏥 Diagnosing and Treating Skin Cancer
The second paragraph focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of skin cancer. It explains that doctors examine the skin for signs of cancer and may perform a skin biopsy to confirm the presence and type of skin cancer. The stage of cancer is determined by how much it has spread, which guides treatment decisions. Treatment options vary based on the size, type, depth, and location of the lesions and may include simple removal, cryosurgery, surgical excision, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, photodynamic therapy, and immunotherapy. The paragraph specifically mentions immunotherapy agents such as Epileum, Pembrolizumab, and Nivolumab. It concludes with a call to action for viewers to like, share, and subscribe to the channel for more health-related content.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Skin Cancer
💡Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)
💡Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)
💡Melanoma
💡Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer (NMSC)
💡Ultraviolet Radiation
💡Risk Factors
💡Diagnosis
💡Treatment
💡Immunotherapy
💡Prevention
Highlights
Skin cancer arises from the skin and mostly develops in sun-exposed areas.
There are three major types of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and melanoma.
Basal cell skin cancer is the most common, accounting for about eighty percent of non-melanoma skin cancer.
Squamous cell skin cancer is the second most common and is more likely to spread than basal cell carcinoma.
Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer and can develop anywhere on the body.
Melanomas can be cured if detected and treated early, but if left untreated, they can lead to death.
In 2012, melanoma resulted in 55,000 deaths worldwide.
White people in South Africa, New Zealand, and Australia have the highest rates of melanoma.
The primary environmental cause of skin cancer is ultraviolet radiation from sun exposure.
Other factors contributing to skin cancer include smoking, HPV infections, ionizing radiation, and immunosuppressive medications.
People with fair skin, a history of sunburns, and a family history of skin cancer are at higher risk.
Symptoms of skin cancer include painless raised areas, hard lumps, changing moles, and dark lesions.
Diagnosis of skin cancer involves a skin exam, biopsy, and imaging tests to determine the stage of cancer.
Treatment options depend on the size, type, depth, and location of the lesions and may include surgery, cryosurgery, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy.
For small and limited skin cancers, a skin biopsy may be the only treatment required.
Biologic immunotherapy agents such as ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, and nivolumab are used for treating melanomas.
Stay updated on the latest videos by subscribing to the channel.
Transcripts
today's topic is skin cancer
skin cancer is a type of cancer arising
from the skin
it mostly develops in the area of the
skin that is exposed to the sun
but it can also form on areas of skin
not ordinarily exposed to sunlight
there are three major types of skin
cancer basal cell skin cancer
or bcc squamous cell skin cancer
or scc and melanoma
the first two along with some other less
common skin cancers
are known as non-melanoma skin cancer or
nmsc
basal cell skin cancer usually develops
in the sun exposed areas of the body
such as the neck and face this type
grows slowly
and can damage the tissue around it but
it's unlikely to spread to distant areas
or become life-threatening
it is the most common resulting in about
eighty percent of non-melanoma skin
cancer
squamous cell cancer also usually occurs
in sun exposed areas of the body
such as the face hands and ears
this type is more likely to spread
people having dark skin shade are more
likely to develop this type in areas
that aren't often exposed to the sun
it is the second most common resulting
in about 20 percent of all non-melanoma
skin cancer
basal and squamous cancer rarely result
in death
melanomas are the most aggressive this
type can develop
anywhere on the body and develops from
melanocytes
the cells that give skin the normal
color and they can also develop in
existing benign moles that become
cancerous
in men they are likely to develop on the
face chest and back
in women they are likely to develop on
the lower legs
melanomas can be cured if detected and
treated early
and can spread to other parts of the
body if left untreated
melanomas may eventually lead to death
melanomas are the least frequent of the
three common skin cancers
in 2012 melanoma occurred in 232
000 people and resulted in 55 000 deaths
worldwide
white people in south africa new zealand
and australia have the highest rates of
melanoma in the world
causes the primary environmental cause
of skin cancer is
ultraviolet radiation from sun exposure
sun exposure doesn't really explain skin
cancers that develop on skin
not exposed to sunlight this suggests
that there are other factors that may
contribute
to the development of skin cancer such
as
smoking tobacco hpv infections
this increases the risk of squamous cell
skin cancer
ionizing radiation such as x-rays
artificial uv found in tanning beds
the world health organization now places
people who use artificial tanning beds
in its highest risk category for skin
cancer
use of any immunosuppressive medications
such as
cyclosporine a calcinurin inhibitor
and azothioprine increase the risk
some genetics syndrome
including congenital melasonitic nibi
syndrome
other factors that may increase the risk
of developing skin cancer
fair skin a history of sunburns
excessive exposure to the sun moles
sunny or high altitude climates a family
history of skin cancer
a weakened immune system exposure to
radiation and other substances such as
arsenic
symptoms painless raised area of skin
that may appear shiny with blood vessels
running over it
hard lump with a scaly top a mold that
has changed in size
color has irregular edges has more than
one color
itches or bleeds dark lesions on the
palms
soles fingertips or toes
a flat flesh colored or brown scar-like
lesion
diagnosis and treatment during diagnosis
the doctor will
examine your skin to determine whether
changes on your skin are likely to be
skin cancer
skin biopsy where suspicious looking
skin are removed to be tested in the lab
this can determine if you have skin
cancer and also the type of skin cancer
that you have
the stages of the cancer are determined
based on how far cancer has spread
this will help the doctor to determine
the best treatment option
tests such as imaging tests may be used
non-melanoma skin cancer stages range
from stage
0 where the cancer is still confined to
the epidermis
to stage 4 where cancer has spread
beyond the primary tumor site
to the lymph nodes and bone or tissue
and the cancer is larger than three
centimeters
melanoma stages range from stage 0 where
the cancer is confined to the epidermis
to stage 4 where cancer has metastasized
from the original site
to the lymph nodes organs and other
tissues in the body
treatment treatment options depend on
the size
type depth and location of the lesions
if the cancer is small and limited to
the surface of the skin
removing the cancerous growth through
skin biopsy may be the only treatment
required
if additional treatment is needed
options are
freezing with liquid nitrogen or
cryosurgery
excisional surgery mode surgery for
larger recurring or hard to treat skin
cancer
chemotherapy radiation therapy
photodynamic therapy that uses laser
lights and drugs to destroy cancerous
cells
heritage and electrodesication biologic
immunotherapy for melanomas
biologic immunotherapy agents such as
epileum
pembrolizumab and nivolumab
and nivolumab
thank you for watching our video please
do not forget to like and share the
video
also please subscribe to the channel to
stay updated on our latest videos
浏览更多相关视频
Skin cancers
Dermatology - Skin Cancers for Medical Students
What is Cancer? (HealthSketch)
Thyroid Cancer (Papillary, Follicular, Medullary & Anaplastic) | Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment
What is HIV and AIDS? - Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Explained
IMER 3D Mechanism of Action Video: Cellular Signaling - Renal Cell Carcinoma
5.0 / 5 (0 votes)