Sistem Peredaran Darah Janin Sebelum dan Setelah Lahir

S1 Kebidanan UMTAS 2022

30 May 202303:42

Summary

TLDRThis educational video script explains the fetal and postnatal blood circulation systems. In the womb, the fetus receives oxygenated blood from the placenta through the umbilical vein, with blood bypassing the underdeveloped lungs via the ductus arteriosus. After birth, the umbilical cord is clamped, the lungs expand, and the heart adjusts to the baby's new circulation, closing the ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale, completing the transition to postnatal circulation.

Takeaways

👋 The video starts with an introduction from Lulus Septiarini Aryanda Putri, who welcomes the viewers to her YouTube channel.
🩺 The main topic discussed is the blood circulation system in fetuses and how it changes after birth.
🩸 Fetal blood circulation begins with oxygen and nutrient-rich blood flowing from the placenta to the fetus via the umbilical vein.
🌬 The umbilical vein transports about 500 ml of blood per minute, passing through the ductus venosus to the inferior vena cava.
❤️ Blood from the inferior vena cava enters the right atrium, with most of it flowing to the left atrium through the foramen ovale.
💨 In the fetal stage, blood does not go to the lungs for gas exchange, as the lungs are still developing. Instead, it passes through the ductus arteriosus into the aorta.
🫀 After birth, the baby's lungs expand with the first breath, starting the process of gas exchange in the lungs.
🚼 The closure of the ductus arteriosus and the foramen ovale marks the transition from fetal to newborn circulation.
⚖ The shift in pressure between the left and right atrium after birth stimulates the closure of the foramen ovale.
🙏 The video concludes by thanking viewers and reminding them to subscribe, like, comment, and share.

Q & A

What is the primary role of the umbilical vein in fetal circulation?
-The umbilical vein carries oxygen-rich and nutrient-rich blood from the placenta to the fetus. Approximately 500 ml of blood per minute flows through the umbilical vein, supplying the fetus with essential nutrients and oxygen.
How does fetal blood bypass the liver during circulation?
-In fetal circulation, blood bypasses the liver through the ductus venosus, allowing the oxygenated blood from the umbilical vein to flow directly to the inferior vena cava and then to the heart.
What is the role of the foramen ovale in fetal circulation?
-The foramen ovale allows most of the oxygen-rich blood from the right atrium to pass directly into the left atrium, bypassing the fetal lungs, which are not yet functional.
Why does only a small amount of blood flow to the fetal lungs?
-Since the fetal lungs are not fully developed and do not participate in gas exchange, only a small amount of blood flows to the lungs to support their growth. Most of the blood bypasses the lungs through the ductus arteriosus.
What is the function of the ductus arteriosus in fetal circulation?
-The ductus arteriosus diverts blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta, bypassing the non-functional fetal lungs, which are not yet involved in gas exchange.
How does fetal blood return to the placenta for gas exchange?
-Blood high in carbon dioxide returns to the placenta for gas exchange through the iliac arteries and the umbilical arteries.
What happens to the umbilical cord after birth?
-After birth, the umbilical cord is clamped, stopping the flow of oxygen and nutrients from the mother to the baby. The baby must then rely on its own lungs and digestive system for oxygen and nutrients.
How do the lungs adapt after birth in a newborn?
-With the newborn's first breath, the lungs expand, and the alveoli in the lungs clear out fluid. The increased blood pressure in the baby's body and decreased lung pressure facilitate the transition to normal lung function for oxygen exchange.
What triggers the closure of the foramen ovale after birth?
-After birth, the increase in blood pressure in the left atrium and the decrease in pressure in the right atrium cause the foramen ovale to close, completing the transition from fetal to neonatal circulation.
What is the significance of the closure of the ductus arteriosus after birth?
-The closure of the ductus arteriosus ensures that blood no longer bypasses the lungs and is instead directed to the lungs for oxygen exchange, allowing the newborn to breathe independently.

Outlines

00:00

🌟 Blood Circulation in the Fetus

This paragraph explains the blood circulation system in a fetus. The fetus's blood circulation begins with oxygen-rich and nutrient-rich blood from the placenta flowing to the fetus through the umbilical vein. The blood volume is approximately 500 ml per minute. The blood then passes through the liver, the ductus venosus, and mixes with blood returning from the lower body through the inferior vena cava. A significant portion of this blood bypasses the lungs via the foramen ovale and the ductus arteriosus, as the lungs are not yet developed. The blood from the left atrium is then pumped to the rest of the body through the aorta. The blood rich in carbon dioxide returns to the placenta through the iliac arteries and the umbilical arteries for gas exchange. The paragraph concludes by describing how the fetal circulation will change after birth.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Circulation

Circulation refers to the process of moving or distributing something throughout a particular area. In the context of the video, it specifically discusses the circulation of blood in the fetus and after birth. The video explains how blood rich in oxygen and nutrients circulates from the placenta to the fetus and then back to the placenta for gas exchange.

💡Fetus

A fetus is the stage in the development of a mammal embryo following the embryonic stage and preceding birth. The video script describes the fetal blood circulation system, highlighting how the fetus receives oxygen and nutrients from the mother through the umbilical cord and placenta.

💡Placenta

The placenta is an organ that provides for the exchange of nutrients, gases, and waste between the fetus and mother. The video mentions that blood rich in oxygen and nutrients flows from the placenta to the fetus, indicating its crucial role in fetal development.

💡Umbilical Cord

The umbilical cord is a flexible tube that connects a developing fetus to its mother's uterus. The script describes how the umbilical cord, along with the umbilical vein, transports blood from the placenta to the fetus.

💡Ductus Venosus

The ductus venosus is a blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava in the fetus. The video explains that blood flows through the ductus venosus to the inferior vena cava, bypassing the liver.

💡Inferior Vena Cava

The inferior vena cava is a large vein that returns deoxygenated blood from the lower half of the body to the heart. In the video, it is mentioned that blood from the fetus's lower body returns to the right atrium through the inferior vena cava.

💡Foramen Ovale

The foramen ovale is a hole in the atrial septum of the heart that allows blood to bypass the lungs in the fetus. The script explains that most of the blood is shunted from the right atrium to the left atrium through the foramen ovale.

💡Ductus Arteriosus

The ductus arteriosus is a blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta, allowing blood to bypass the lungs in the fetus. The video script mentions that blood from the pulmonary artery is directed to the aorta through the ductus arteriosus.

💡Alveoli

Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. The script indicates that after birth, the lungs begin to expand, and alveoli are cleared of fluid, which is essential for the transition from fetal to neonatal circulation.

💡Transition

In the context of the video, transition refers to the physiological changes that occur at birth to adapt the baby's circulatory system from fetal to neonatal circulation. The video describes how the closure of the ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale are part of this transition.

💡Neonatal Circulation

Neonatal circulation refers to the blood circulation in a newborn baby. The video script explains that after birth, the baby's circulatory system undergoes significant changes to adapt to breathing and obtaining oxygen from the environment rather than the placenta.

Highlights

Introduction to the fetal blood circulation system

Blood circulation begins with oxygen-rich blood from the placenta

Blood flows through the umbilical vein to the fetus

Approximately 500 ml of blood flows through the umbilical vein per minute

Blood bypasses the liver through the ductus venosus

Blood mixes in the inferior vena cava

Most blood bypasses the lungs through the foramen ovale

Blood from the superior vena cava goes to the lungs

The lungs receive blood through the ductus arteriosus

Blood in the left atrium is pumped to the body via the aorta

Blood rich in carbon dioxide returns to the placenta

The fetal circulation system repeats to receive nutrients and oxygen

Introduction to the postnatal blood circulation system

The umbilical cord is clamped, and the baby no longer receives oxygen and nutrients from the mother

The baby's first breath causes the lungs to expand

The alveoli in the lungs are cleared of fluid, increasing blood pressure

The closure of the ductus arteriosus is triggered by the changes in blood pressure

The increased pressure in the left atrium closes the foramen ovale

The closure of the ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale completes the transition from fetal to newborn circulation

Call to action for viewers to subscribe, like, comment, and share