30th May 1381: Outbreak of the Peasants' Revolt in England
Summary
TLDROn May 30, 1381, the Peasants' Revolt erupted in England due to the introduction of a new poll tax. Originating in Essex, the revolt was fueled by social and economic turmoil following the Black Death, which had halved the population. Peasants demanded better wages and conditions, but the government's attempts to limit these and fund the Hundred Years War with France through taxes led to widespread resentment. The revolt began when villagers refused to pay the tax and attacked officials. It quickly spread, with Wat Tyler emerging as a leader. The revolt reached London, where Tyler presented demands to Richard II, but was killed, leading to the revolt's collapse.
Takeaways
- 📅 The Peasants' Revolt in England was triggered on May 30, 1381.
- 💼 John Bampton's arrival in Essex to investigate the non-payment of the poll tax sparked the revolt.
- 🔍 The revolt had deeper roots in the social and economic upheaval following the Black Death.
- 😷 The Black Death, which reached England in 1348, wiped out up to half of the country's population.
- 💪 Surviving peasants demanded better wages and conditions after the plague.
- 🤬 Resentment grew against the government's attempts to limit wage increases.
- 💸 Taxes introduced to fund the Hundred Years War with France aggravated the situation.
- 👑 Richard II was only 10 years old when he inherited the throne in 1377.
- 🏛️ The third poll tax passed by Parliament in 1380 made the situation volatile.
- 🚨 The revolt spread quickly from Essex to Kent and reached London in mid-June.
- 🗣️ Wat Tyler emerged as the leader of the Kentish rebels and presented demands to Richard II on June 15.
- ⚔️ Wat Tyler was killed by the Royal party at Smithfield, leading to the collapse of the revolt.
Q & A
What event triggered the Peasants' Revolt in England in 1381?
-The Peasants' Revolt was triggered by the arrival of John Bampton in Essex to investigate the non-payment of the poll tax.
What was the root cause of the Peasants' Revolt?
-The roots of the Peasants' Revolt lay in the social and economic upheaval that emerged after the devastation of the Black Death, which had wiped out up to half of England's population.
How did the surviving peasantry respond to the aftermath of the Black Death?
-The surviving peasantry demanded better wages and conditions, growing increasingly angry at the government's attempts to limit such changes.
What was the purpose of the taxes introduced by the government during this period?
-The taxes were introduced to fund the English campaign against France in the Hundred Years War.
How old was Richard II when he inherited the throne?
-Richard II was only 10 years old when he inherited the throne in 1377.
What was the situation like by the time the third poll tax was passed in 1380?
-By the time the third poll tax was passed in 1380, the situation was incredibly volatile with many people, especially in the southeast, refusing to pay.
What was the reaction of the villagers when John Bampton arrived to investigate the non-payment of the poll tax?
-The villagers were determined not to pay any further taxes and violence broke out after officials attempted to arrest their leader.
How did the revolt spread geographically?
-The revolt quickly spread from Essex to Kent and beyond, with tax collectors and landlords being attacked and tax records and registers being destroyed.
Who emerged as the leader of the Kentish rebels during the Peasants' Revolt?
-Wat Tyler emerged as the leader of the Kentish rebels after rejecting a series of royal charters granted at Mile End.
What happened on the 15th of June when the rebels reached London?
-On the 15th of June, Wat Tyler presented a comprehensive set of demands to Richard II at Smithfield.
How did the Peasants' Revolt begin to collapse?
-The revolt began to collapse after Wat Tyler was attacked and killed by members of the Royal party at Smithfield.
Outlines
🏺 Peasants' Revolt of 1381
The Peasants' Revolt of 1381 in England was ignited by John Bampton's arrival in Essex to investigate the non-payment of the poll tax. The revolt had deeper roots in the social and economic turmoil following the Black Death, which had killed half of England's population. Peasants demanded better wages and conditions, but the government's attempts to limit these changes led to growing resentment. This was further exacerbated by taxes imposed to fund the Hundred Years War against France. Richard II's young age and his government's decision to introduce a new poll tax led to the situation becoming volatile. The revolt began in Essex, spread to Kent, and reached London in June, where Wat Tyler emerged as a leader. He presented demands to Richard II, but was killed by the Royal party at Smithfield, marking the beginning of the revolt's collapse.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Peasants Revolt
💡Poll Tax
💡Black Death
💡John Bampton
💡Essex
💡Kent
💡Richard II
💡Hundred Years War
💡Wat Tyler
💡Smithfield
💡Royal Charters
Highlights
Peasants' Revolt triggered in England on 30th of May 1381
John Bampton's arrival in Essex to investigate poll tax non-payment
Introduction of a new poll tax sparked the revolt
Roots of the revolt lay in social and economic upheaval post-Black Death
The Black Death reached England in 1348, wiping out up to half of the population
Surviving peasantry demanded better wages and conditions after the plague
Government attempts to limit wage changes angered the peasantry
Introduction of taxes to fund the Hundred Years War with France
Richard II was only 10 years old when he inherited the throne in 1377
Third poll tax passed by Parliament in 1380 led to volatile situation
Many people in southeast England refused to pay the new tax
Government began investigating non-payers, leading to revolt
Violence broke out as officials attempted to arrest a leader in Essex
Revolt spread from Essex to Kent and beyond, targeting tax collectors and landlords
Tax records and registers were destroyed during the revolt
Crowds reached London in mid-June, led by Wat Tyler
Wat Tyler presented a set of demands to Richard II on 15th of June
Wat Tyler was killed by Royal party, marking the start of the revolt's collapse
Transcripts
[Music]
hello and welcome to history pod on the
30th of May 1381 the peasants revolt was
triggered in England when John Bampton
arrived in Essex to investigate the
non-payment of the poll tax
although sparked by the introduction of
a new poll tax the roots of the peasants
revolt lay in the dramatic social and
economic upheaval that it emerged after
the devastation of the Black Death the
plague had reached England in 1348 and
soon wiped out up to half of the entire
population of the country in the
aftermath the surviving peasantry had
demanded better wages and conditions so
grew increasingly angry at the
government's attempts to limit such
changes this resentment was aggravated
by the introduction of taxes to fund the
English campaign against France in the
Hundred Years War richard ii was only 10
years old when he inherited the throne
in 1377 and his government forged ahead
with the introduction of a new poll tax
by the time Parliament passed the third
poll tax in 1380 the situation was
incredibly volatile many people
especially those in the southeast of the
country simply refused to pay this
prompted the government to begin
investigating those who had not paid the
new tax John Bampton and his clerks were
greeted by a crowd of villagers
determined not to pay any further taxes
and after the officials attempted to
arrest their leader violence broke out
the revolt quickly spread from Essex to
Kent and beyond
tax collectors and landlords were
attacked while tax records and registers
were destroyed by the time the crowds
reached London in mid-june what Tyler
had emerged as leader of the Kentish
rebels after rejecting a series of royal
charters granted at Mile End the
previous day Tyler presented a
comprehensive set of demands to Richard
on the 15th of June Smithfield Tyler was
later attacked and killed by members of
the Royal party heralding the start of
the collapse
of the revolt
[Music]
you
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