Dr Paari - Threats to biodiversity and ecosystems
Summary
TLDRThis session discusses the significant threats to biodiversity and ecosystems due to human interventions. It highlights historical mass extinctions and the current crisis driven by human activities such as habitat destruction, climate change, pollution, and overexploitation. The script emphasizes the urgent need for global efforts to conserve biodiversity, protect ecosystems, and promote sustainable practices.
Takeaways
- 🌿 **Habitat Alteration**: Human activities have significantly reshaped natural habitats, impacting ecosystems and biodiversity.
- 🌍 **Resource Extraction**: Unsustainable extraction of resources for human survival and growth poses a threat to biodiversity.
- 🦕 **Historical Extinctions**: Major biodiversity loss events like the Permian-Triassic, KT, and Late Devonian extinctions have had significant impacts on Earth's species.
- 🌊 **Ongoing Crisis**: The current mass extinction, driven by human actions, is unique and rapid, causing a decline in biodiversity.
- 🏡 **Habitat Destruction**: The complete elimination or alteration of habitats due to urbanization, agriculture, and other developments leads to species displacement or extinction.
- 🌤️ **Climate Change**: Rising temperatures and changing weather patterns disrupt ecosystems, alter habitats, and cause shifts in species distribution.
- 🚰 **Pollution**: Chemical pollutants contaminate ecosystems, causing direct harm to species and disrupting food chains.
- 🐠 **Plastic Pollution**: The improper disposal of plastics leads to pollution in terrestrial and marine environments, harming wildlife.
- 🐟 **Overexploitation**: Unsustainable harvesting of resources, such as overfishing and illegal wildlife trade, depletes species populations.
- 🌱 **Land Use Change**: Conversion of natural habitats for agriculture and urban development reduces available habitats for wildlife and increases human-wildlife conflicts.
- 🌳 **Conservation Efforts**: Concerted efforts at various levels are required for habitat conservation, sustainable resource management, and pollution control to protect biodiversity.
Q & A
What are the common threats to biodiversity and ecosystems?
-Common threats to biodiversity and ecosystems include habitat destruction and fragmentation, climate change, pollution, invasive species, overexploitation, land use change, and ocean acidification.
How has human intervention impacted biodiversity?
-Human interventions have impacted biodiversity by reshaping natural habitats, removing resources unsustainably, and causing habitat destruction and fragmentation.
What are the major biodiversity loss events in Earth's history?
-Major biodiversity loss events include the Permian-Triassic Extinction, KT Extinction, Ordovician Extinction, Late Devonian Extinction, and Triassic Jurassic Extinction.
What is the current status of the biodiversity crisis?
-The current biodiversity crisis, also known as the Holocene extinction, is an ongoing extinction event characterized by a rapid decline in biodiversity largely attributed to human activities.
What are the main direct causes of biodiversity loss according to the Royal Society?
-According to the Royal Society, the main direct causes of biodiversity loss are land use change, overexploitation of natural resources, and climate change.
How does habitat destruction affect species?
-Habitat destruction leads to the displacement or inability to survive for species that depend on the destroyed habitat, resulting in population declines or local extinctions.
What is habitat fragmentation and how does it impact biodiversity?
-Habitat fragmentation occurs when large, continuous habitats are divided into smaller, isolated patches by human-made barriers. It can lead to reduced habitat quality, restricted animal movement, and increased risk of genetic isolation and inbreeding.
How does climate change affect biodiversity?
-Climate change affects biodiversity by disrupting ecosystems, altering habitats, and causing shifts in species distribution. It can also impact vegetation patterns and disrupt key ecological events.
What role does pollution play in biodiversity loss?
-Pollution contributes to biodiversity loss by contaminating water bodies, disrupting food chains, and causing deformities, reproductive issues, and death in aquatic species. It also contributes to global warming and climate change.
How does overexploitation threaten biodiversity?
-Overexploitation threatens biodiversity by depleting populations of species and degrading ecosystems when living resources are harvested or utilized at rates exceeding their natural reproduction or replenishment rates.
What measures can be taken to address the threats to biodiversity?
-Measures to address threats to biodiversity include habitat conservation, sustainable resource management, pollution control, invasive species management, climate change mitigation, and international cooperation on conservation initiatives.
Outlines
🌿 Human Impact on Biodiversity
The paragraph discusses the significant threats to biodiversity caused by human activities. It emphasizes the reshaping of natural habitats, unsustainable resource extraction, and historical mass extinction events. It also highlights the current anthropogenic-driven extinction crisis, which is unique due to human actions rather than natural causes. The paragraph lists the major threats such as habitat destruction, climate change, pollution, invasive species, overexploitation, land use change, and ocean acidification. It further explains how land use change is the primary cause of biodiversity loss, followed by overexploitation and climate change. The effects of habitat destruction and fragmentation on species and ecosystems are also detailed.
🌡️ Climate Change and Pollution Effects
This paragraph focuses on the impact of climate change on biodiversity, including rising temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and extreme weather events. It discusses how these changes can disrupt ecosystems, alter habitats, and cause shifts in species distribution. The paragraph also addresses the effects of pollution, including chemical contaminants, on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. It explains how pollution can lead to deformities, reproductive issues, and death in species, disrupt food chains, and contribute to global warming and climate change. The paragraph also touches on the issue of plastic pollution and its effects on marine life and ecosystems.
🌱 Conservation Efforts and Individual Responsibility
The final paragraph emphasizes the need for concerted efforts at various levels to conserve biodiversity and protect ecosystems. It suggests measures such as habitat conservation, sustainable resource management, pollution control, invasive species management, climate change mitigation, and international cooperation. The paragraph concludes by encouraging individual contributions to environmental conservation, highlighting the significant impact that individuals can have on this noble cause.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Biodiversity
💡Ecosystem
💡Habitat Destruction
💡Climate Change
💡Pollution
💡Invasive Species
💡Overexploitation
💡Land Use Change
💡Ocean Acidification
💡Sustainable Development
💡Extinction Events
Highlights
Human interventions have reshaped natural habitats, impacting ecosystems.
The biggest threat to biodiversity is human reshaping of natural habitats.
Human population growth requires resources, leading to unsustainable removal and biodiversity threat.
Major biodiversity loss events have occurred throughout Earth's history.
Perian-Triassic Extinction wiped out approximately 96% of marine species.
KT Extinction led to the extinction of non-avian dinosaurs.
Ardo-wecan Extinction damaged 85% of marine species due to glaciation and global warming.
Late Devonian Extinction resulted in the loss of around 75% of marine organisms.
Triassic Jurassic Extinction led to the extinction of 50% of marine genera.
The sixth mass extinction, or Holocene extinction, is driven by human activities.
Habitat destruction and fragmentation are significant threats to biodiversity.
Climate change is causing shifts in species distribution and disrupting ecosystems.
Pollution, including plastic waste, is a major threat to aquatic ecosystems.
Overexploitation of natural resources is depleting species populations.
Land use change, such as deforestation, is reducing available habitats for wildlife.
Concerted efforts at local, national, and global levels are required to address biodiversity loss.
Individual contributions to environmental conservation can have a significant impact.
Transcripts
hello everyone this session is about the
common threats to biodiversity and
ecosystem human interventions impact the
biodiversity of our planet in multiple
ways the biggest threat to biodiversity
to date has been the way humans have
reshaped the natural habitats that
accidentally and deliberately have an
impact on the ecosystems we all know
that the human population requires
resources to survive and grow many of
those resources are being removed
unsustainably from the environment
causing a threat to biodiversity and
ecosystems there have been several major
biodiversity loss events throughout
Earth's history each with significant
impact on the planet's ecosystem and
species some of the most notable
biodiversity damages in the history are
perian Triassic Extinction which
occurred approximately 252 million years
ago that wiped out approximately 96% of
marine species and 70% of terrestrial
vertebrate species the KT Extinction
which occurred around 66 million years
ago that resulted in the extinction of
the non-avian dinosaur along with many
other species and Ardo wec an Extinction
that occurred approximately 443 million
years ago go that damaged 85% of the
marine species the causes are thought to
include glaciation and a subsequent
global warming period leading to
significant changes in sea levels and
ocean chemistry late devonian Extinction
that occurred around 360 million years
ago witnessed the loss of around 75% of
the species primarily marine organisms
possible causes were due to climate
change Oceanic anoxia and volcanic
activity trixic Jurassic Extinction
which roughly happened 2011 million
years ago that lead to the extinction of
approximately 50% of the marine gendra
and numerous terrestrial species
possible causes were volcanic eruption
climate change and the release of
greenhouse gases the sixth mass
extinction also known as the hosin
extinction refers to the ongoing
Extinction event characterized by a
rapid decline in biodiversity largely
attributed to human activities while
Extinction events have occurred
throughout the Earth's history the
current Extinction crisis is unique in
that it is primarily driven by human
actions rather than natural phenomena
some of the most significant threats
include habitat destruction and
fragmentation climate change pollution
invasive species overe exploitation land
use change and ocean acidification
according to a study by the Royal
Society the main direct cause of
biodiversity loss is land use change
which drives an estimated 30% of
biodiversity decline globally second is
the overe exploitation of Natural
Resources for things like food medicines
and Timber which drives around 20% of
biodiversity loss climate change is the
third most significant factor for
biodiversity loss which together with
pollution accounts for 14% biodiversity
loss invasive alien species accounts for
11% of biodiversity loss to know about
habitat destruction and fragmentation
habited destruction refers to the
complete elimination or significant
alteration of a habitat making it
unsuitable for the species that
originally inhabited it habitat
destruction is often driven by human
activities such as urbanization
agriculture logging Mining and
infrastructure development when habitats
are destroyed the plants animals that
depend on them for food shelter and
other resources may be displaced or
unable to survive leading to population
declines or local extinctions habitat
fragmentation occurs when large
continuous habitats are divided into
smaller isolated Patches by human-made
barriers such as roads cities
agricultural fields or other forms of
development habitat fragmentation can
result in the formation of habited
islands surrounded by a matrix of
unsuitable or inhospitable habitat
fragmentation can lead to reduced
habitat quality and also restrict the
movement of animals fragment populations
and increase the risk of genetic
isolation and inbreeding which can
reduce genetic diversity and compromise
the long-term viability of species the
combined effect of habitat destruction
and fragmentation pose a significant
threat to biodiversity and ecosystem
health
they are major drivers of species
Extinction and can contribute to decline
in populations loss of genetic diversity
and alterations of ecosystem structure
and function let's see about the effect
of climate change on biodiversity law
Rising temperatures changing
precipitation patterns and extreme
weather events associated with climate
change can disrupt the ecosystem alter
the habitats and cause shift in species
distribution species that cannot adapt
or migrate quickly enough May face
Extinction changes in temperature and
precipitation can also impact vegetation
patterns such as changes in the timing
of flowering leafing affecting the
availability of food and resources for
the species that depend on them climate
change can disrupt the timing of key
ecological events such as the timing of
the migrations breeding seasons and the
emergence of insects or availability of
prey this can lead to mismatches between
species interactions such as pollinators
and plants or predators and prey which
can have a cascading effects through the
ecosystem addressing pollution as a
threat to biodiversity loss requires
concerted efforts at local National and
international levels to reduce emissions
improve waste management practices
promote sustainable resource use and
Implement policies to protect ecosystems
and species chemical pollutant such as
heavy metals pesticides fertilizers and
Plastics can contaminate water bodies
this contamination affects aquatic
species directly causing deformities
reproductive issues and even death it
also disrupts food chains and can lead
to the collapse of entire aquatic
ecosystem pollutants released into the
atmosphere such as nitrogen oxides
sulfur dioxide ozone and particular
matter can harm both terrestrial and
aquatic ecosystem acid Rin for for
example caused by air pollution damages
vegetation and Alters soil chemistry
affecting the plant growth and soil
dwelling organisms many pollutants such
as carbon dioxide and methane contribute
to global warming and climate change
these changes in temperature and
precipitation patterns can disrupt the
ecosystem and alter the distribution of
species some species may struggle to
adapt or migrate to suitable habitats
leading to population Decline and
Extinction the widespread use and
improper disposal of plastic products
have lead to plastic pollution in
terrestrial and in Marine environments
marine animals often ingest plastic
debris or become entangled in it leading
to injury Suffocation and death plastic
pollution also impact Marine ecosystem
by altering habitats and introducing
toxic chemicals into the environment
industrial chemicals Pharmaceuticals and
pesticides can accumulate in the
environment posing a risk to Wildlife
and ecosystem these chemicals can
disrupt hormonal systems impair
reproduction weaken the immune system
and cause genetic mutations in exposed
organisms overe exploitation is a threat
to biodiversity unsustainable harvesting
of resources such as over fishing
illegal Wildlife trade and logging can
deplete populations of species and
degrade ecosystem overe exploitation
because when living resources are
harvested are utilized at rates
exceeding their natural reproduction are
replenishment rates leading to depletion
and decline in populations this can have
a significant consequence for
biodiversity and ecosystem Health
unsustainable fishing practices such as
bottom thring long laning can lead to
depletion of fish populations collapse
of Fisheries that affects the
biodiversity of marine ecosystems
pouching trafficking of endangered
species such as elephants rhinos tigers
and pangolins threaten their survival
and disrupt ecosystem illegal Wildlife
trade also contribute to the spread of
dis diseases habitat destruction and
destabilization of ecosystem land use
change is another cause for biodiversity
loss conversion of natural habitats for
agriculture Urban Development
infrastructure projects and Mining
Alters the ecosystem and reduces the
available habitat for wildlife land use
change can fragment Landscapes isolate
populations and increase human Wildlife
conflicts deforestation for Timber
extraction agriculture urbanization and
infrastructure development can lead to
the loss of habitat for countless plant
and animal species including many that
are endemic are threatened with
Extinction addressing these threats
required concerted efforts at local
National and Global levels to conserve
biodiversity protect ecosystem and
promote sustainable development
practices this may involve measures such
as habitat conservation sustainable
Resource Management Pollution Control
invasive species management climate
change mitigation and international
cooperation on conservation initiatives
individual contribution on environment
conservation have a huge impact let us
be the part of this Noble cost thank you
[Music]
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