Sparks! Mira L.Wolf-Bauwens

Summary

In diesem Video spricht eine Philosophin von CERN über die Welt des Quantencomputings, warum wir Quantencomputer entwickeln und wie sie funktionieren. Sie diskutiert ihre Anwendungen, wie zum Beispiel die Simulation von Quantensystemen, künstliche Intelligenz und Optimierungsprobleme. Es wird auch über die Herausforderungen und Verantwortlichkeiten gesprochen, die mit der Verwendung von Quantencomputern einhergehen, und wie wir sicherstellen können, dass sie für das Wohl der Gesellschaft eingesetzt werden. Zudem wird auf die Bedeutung von Verantwortungsbewusstsein und die Notwendigkeit, den Zugang zu Quantentechnologien fair zu gestalten, hingewiesen.

Takeaways

• 🌐 Quantum Computing hat das Potenzial, komplexe globale Herausforderungen wie die Ernährung der Weltbevölkerung, den Klimawandel und die Entwicklung besserer Finanzmärkte zu lösen.
• 💡 Klassische Computer sind bei der Bewältigung dieser komplexen Probleme an ihre Grenzen gestoßen, da sie nicht in der Lage sind, die Natur genau zu simulieren.
• 🚀 Quantum Computer können Nature auf quantenphysikalischer Ebene simulieren, was für Bereiche wie Quantenchemie, Materialwissenschaften und Teilchenphysik von entscheidender Bedeutung ist.
• 🧠 In der künstlichen Intelligenz könnten Quantum Computer bei der Modelltraining, Mustererkennung und Optimierung helfen, da Optimierungsprobleme extrem schwierig sind.
• 🔵 Quantum Computer nutzen Quantenbits (Qubits), die durch das Prinzip der Quantensuperposition nicht nur 0 oder 1, sondern auch beide Zustände gleichzeitig repräsentieren können.
• 🌀 Die Macht von Quantum Computern wächst exponentiell mit der Anzahl der Qubits, da die Superposition und Verknüpfung von Qubits enorme Rechenmöglichkeiten eröffnen.
• 🛠️ Das Wachstum von Quantum Computern ist schnell und es wird erwartet, dass ab 2023 das Zeitalter der nutzbaren Quantum Computing eingeht, in dem wissenschaftliche Entdeckungen gemacht werden können.
• 🔋 Die Hardware von Quantum Computern ist beeindruckend, da sie eine große Anzahl von Qubits in sehr kleinen Chips beherbergen kann, aber auch die Qualität der Qubits und ihre Geschwindigkeit sind entscheidend.
• 💊 Ein Beispiel für die Anwendung von Quantum Computing ist die Arzneimittelentwicklung, wo Cleveland Clinic bereits einen Quantum Computer installiert hat, um in der Forschung und Lehre voranzuschreiten.
• 🌱 Quantum Computer könnten auch bei der Bewältigung des Klimawandels helfen, indem sie bei der Optimierung der Energieverteilung oder bei der Suche nach neuen Materialien für Batterien eingesetzt werden.
• 🌍 Es gibt Bedenken hinsichtlich des Zugangs zu Quantum Computing, da Investitionen und Strategien derzeit stark auf einer Seite der Erde konzentriert sind, was eine Herausforderung für globale Gleichheit darstellt.

Q & A

Was sind die Hauptgründe, warum Quantencomputer entwickelt werden?

Quantencomputer werden entwickelt, um komplexe Probleme zu lösen, bei denen herkömmliche Computer ihre Grenzen erreichen. Sie können Naturerscheinungen genauer simulieren, was für Bereiche wie Quantenchemie, Materialwissenschaften und High-Energy-Physik von Vorteil ist.

Wie unterscheidet sich die Funktionsweise von Quantencomputern von herkömmlichen Computern?

Quantencomputer nutzen Quantenbits (Qubits), die durch die Quantenmechanik gesteuert werden. Sie können durch das Prinzip der Superposition nicht nur 0 oder 1, sondern auch beide Zustände gleichzeitig repräsentieren.

Was bedeuten die blauen Ellipsen in der Präsentation und welche Art von Problemen werden damit angesprochen?

Die blauen Ellipsen stellen Arten von Problemen dar, die möglicherweise heute noch nicht vorstellbar sind, aber die man in Zukunft mit Quantencomputern lösen könnte.

Wie können Quantencomputer bei der Simulation von Natursystemen helfen?

Da die Natur nach den Gesetzen der Quantenphysik und nicht der klassischen Physik funktioniert, können Quantencomputer Natursysteme genauer simulieren als herkömmliche Computer.

Welche Anwendungen von Quantencomputern wurden in Bezug auf künstliche Intelligenz genannt?

In der künstlichen Intelligenz könnten Quantencomputer bei der Modelltraining, Mustererkennung und Optimierung helfen, da Optimierungsprobleme sehr komplex sind und schnellere Lösungen großes Potenzial haben.

Wie wichtig ist die Kontrolle von Qubits für die Funktion von Quantencomputern?

Die Kontrolle von Qubits ist entscheidend, um Berechnungen durchzuführen. Man nutzt Quantenschaltungen (Quantum circuits), um sie zu steuern und zu berechnen.

Was bedeutet der Begriff 'Quantenfidelität' und warum ist er wichtig?

Quantenfidelität ist ein Maß für die Qualität der Qubits und der Schaltungen in einem Quantencomputer. Sie ist wichtig, um zu bestimmen, wie zuverlässig und korrekt die Qubits Informationen verarbeiten können.

Wie weit sind wir mit der Entwicklung von Quantencomputern und was bedeuten die verschiedenen Stufen auf der Präsentationskarte?

Die Entwicklung von Quantencomputern ist in verschiedenen Stufen. Von der Hardwareentwicklung über die Verbesserung der Quantenfidelität bis hin zur Erreichung der 'Nützlichkeit', bei der Quantencomputer nützliche wissenschaftliche Entdeckungen ermöglichen sollen.

Was ist der Open Quantum Institute und welche Rolle spielt es bei der Förderung von Quantencomputing?

Das Open Quantum Institute ist eine Initiative, die darauf abzielt, Quantencomputing für jeden zugänglich zu machen, Bildung zu fördern und insbesondere unter Entscheidungsträgern das Bewusstsein zu schärfen. Es trägt dazu bei, die Herausforderungen zu adressieren, die in den Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) identifiziert wurden.

Wie kann die Verantwortungsvolle Nutzung von Quantencomputing definiert werden und welche Aspekte sind dabei zu berücksichtigen?

Verantwortungsvolles Quantencomputing beinhaltet die Überlegungen zu den Auswirkungen der Technologie, das Bewusstsein für ihre Macht, das Proaktive Verringern von möglichen Schäden in inklusiver Weise und die Überwachbarkeit und Rechenschaftspflicht.

Welche Herausforderungen müssen überwunden werden, bevor Quantencomputer Millionen von Qubits haben können?

Einer der Hauptherausforderungen ist die Verbesserung des Verhaltens der Qubits, auch wenn sie bereits tiefgekühlt werden. Es ist notwendig, größere Systeme zu entwickeln, die zuverlässiger sind und eine höhere Quantenfidelität aufweisen.

Outlines

00:00

🌌 Einstieg in die Welt des Quantencomputing

Der Sprecher begrüßt das Publikum und betont die Bedeutung von Quantencomputing. Er führt ein, indem er die Herausforderungen der Gesellschaft wie den Klimawandel, die Nahrungsmittelproduktion und die Entwicklung neuer Medikamente anspricht, die durch klassische Computer begrenzt sind. Er stellt dar, dass Quantencomputer aufgrund ihrer Fähigkeit, die komplexen Probleme der Natur zu simulieren, die Zukunft der Problemlösung darstellen könnten.

05:00

🔬 Grundlagen des Quantencomputing

Der zweite Absatz konzentriert sich auf die grundlegenden Prinzipien des Quantencomputing, insbesondere auf das Konzept des Qubits. Der Sprecher erklärt, wie Qubits Informationen codieren können, was die Fähigkeit zur Simulierung von Quantensystemen ermöglicht. Er führt das Konzept der Quantenschränkung ein und wie dies die Potenz von Quantencomputern im Vergleich zu klassischen Computern erhöht.

10:02

🌐 Stand und Entwicklung des Quantencomputing

Der dritte Absatz beschreibt den aktuellen Stand des Quantencomputing und die zukünftigen Entwicklungen. Der Sprecher zeigt eine Roadmap, die die fortschreitende Entwicklung von Quantencomputern mit wachsenden Anzahlen an Qubits und zunehmender Leistungsfähigkeit zeigt. Er betont, dass wir in einer Ära eintreten, in der Quantencomputing für wissenschaftliche Entdeckungen von Nutzen sein kann.

15:03

💊 Anwendungen des Quantencomputing in der Gesundheitsbranche

In diesem Abschnitt werden die Anwendungen von Quantencomputing in der Gesundheitsbranche und Lebenswissenschaften erläutert. Der Sprecher erwähnt, wie Institutionen wie das Cleveland Clinic Quantencomputer einsetzen, um die Forschung in Bereichen wie Arzneimittelentwicklung und präzise Medizin voranzutreiben. Er betont auch die Bedeutung von Quantencomputing für die Optimierung von Energieverteilung und die Entwicklung neuer Materialien für Batterien.

20:04

🌱 Verantwortungsvolles Quantencomputing

Der fünfte Absatz thematisiert die Herausforderungen und Verantwortlichkeiten, die mit der Verbreitung von Quantencomputing einhergehen. Der Sprecher fordert eine verantwortungsvolle Gestaltung der Technologie, um sicherzustellen, dass alle Gesellschaften von den Vorteilen profitieren können. Er spricht sich für die Bedeutung von Zugang, Partizipation und Verantwortung aus und verweist auf Initiativen wie das Open Quantum Institute, das für den Zugang und die Bildung sensibilisiert.

25:05

🔋 Energieeffizienz und zukünftige Herausforderungen des Quantencomputing

Der letzte Absatz diskutiert die Frage der Energieeffizienz von Quantencomputern und die Herausforderungen, die die Entwicklung dieser Technologie begleiten. Der Sprecher erwähnt, dass es um die Optimierung von Energieverbrauch geht und dass es Bemühungen gibt, um einen 'Quanten-Energie-Vorteil' zu definieren, der nicht nur die Geschwindigkeit, sondern auch die Energieeffizienz von Quantencomputern berücksichtigt.

Keywords

💡Quantencomputer

Quantencomputer sind Rechenmaschinen, die die Prinzipien der Quantenphysik nutzen, um Informationen zu verarbeiten. Im Gegensatz zu herkömmlichen Computern, die Bits verwenden, um Daten in Form von Einsen und Nullen zu repräsentieren, können Quantencomputer mit Quantenbits (Qubits) Informationen kodieren, die sowohl den Zustand Eins als auch Null oder beides gleichzeitig annehmen können. Dies ermöglicht eine exponentielle Vergrößerung der Informationsmenge, die verarbeitet werden kann, was die enorme Rechenleistung von Quantencomputern ausmacht, wie im Video erwähnt wird.

💡Superposition

Die Superposition ist ein grundlegendes Prinzip der Quantenphysik, das besagt, dass ein Quantenbit (Qubit) mehrere Zustände gleichzeitig einnehmen kann, bis es gemessen wird. Im Video wird das Beispiel eines Münzwurfes verwendet, um dies zu veranschaulichen: Solange die Münze in der Luft ist, kann sie als Kopf oder Zahl zugleich betrachtet werden, was eine Superposition darstellt. Diese Eigenschaft ermöglicht Quantencomputern, viele mögliche Ergebnisse gleichzeitig zu berechnen.

💡Quantenalgorithmus

Ein Quantenalgorithmus ist ein spezieller Algorithmus, der auf Quantencomputern ausgeführt werden kann, um Probleme effizienter zu lösen als herkömmliche Algorithmen. Im Video wird erwähnt, dass Quantenalgorithmen verwendet werden, um Quantenbits in bestimmter Reihenfolge zu steuern und zu berechnen, um am Ende Messungen und Ergebnisse zu erhalten. Diese Algorithmen sind entscheidend für die Leistungsfähigkeit von Quantencomputern.

💡Quantenchemie

Quantenchemie ist ein Bereich der Chemie, der die Prinzipien der Quantenphysik verwendet, um chemische Systeme zu beschreiben und zu verstehen. Im Video wird erwähnt, dass Quantencomputer aufgrund ihrer Fähigkeit, Natur genau zu simulieren, wichtige Anwendungen in der Quantenchemie haben, da Naturgesetze auf Quantenphysik basieren und nicht auf klassischer Physik.

💡Quantenverschlüsselung

Quantenverschlüsselung ist eine Art der Datenverschlüsselung, die die Eigenschaften der Quantenphysik nutzt, um die Sicherheit von Kommunikationskanälen zu gewährleisten. Obwohl im Video nicht direkt erwähnt, ist dies eine wichtige Anwendung von Quantentechnologie, die auf den gleichen Prinzipien basiert wie Quantencomputer.

💡Quantenüberlagerung

Quantenüberlagerung ist ein Phämomen in der Quantenphysik, bei dem ein Quantensystem gleichzeitig in mehreren Zuständen existieren kann. Im Video wird dies als eine der grundlegenden Eigenschaften von Quantenbits beschrieben, die es Quantencomputern ermöglicht, enorme Mengen an parallelen Berechnungen durchzuführen.

💡Quantenfehlerkorrektur

Quantenfehlerkorrektur ist ein Konzept, das darauf abzielt, die Genauigkeit von Quantencomputern zu verbessern, indem Fehler in Quantenbits korrigiert werden. Im Video wird erwähnt, dass Quantenbits 'störanfällig' sind und dass Forscher daran arbeiten, die Zuverlässigkeit von Quantencomputern zu erhöhen, was eng mit der Quantum-Fehlerkorrektur verbunden ist.

💡Quantenvorteil

Quantenvorteil bezeichnet die Situation, in der ein Quantencomputer ein bestimmtes Problem schneller oder effizienter lösen kann als ein klassischer Computer. Im Video wird dies als eines der Ziele der Forschung und Entwicklung von Quantencomputern erwähnt, bei dem die Such nach Anwendungen, bei denen Quantencomputer einen signifikanten Vorteil bieten, ein Hauptthema ist.

💡Quantenhardware

Quantenhardware bezieht sich auf die physischen Komponenten eines Quantencomputers, einschließlich der Quantenbits und der zur Betriebsführung erforderlichen Kühlung und Unterstützungseinrichtungen. Im Video wird auf die Fortschritte in der Quantenhardware hingewiesen, wie zum Beispiel die Steigerung der Anzahl der Quantenbits auf einem Chip von 27 im Jahr 2019 auf 433 im Jahr 2022.

💡Quantensoftware

Quantensoftware umfasst die Programme und Algorithmen, die auf Quantencomputern ausgeführt werden. Im Video wird erwähnt, dass die Entwicklung von Quantensoftware ein wichtiger Schritt ist, um die Leistungsfähigkeit von Quantencomputern zu verbessern und um sicherzustellen, dass sie für relevante Probleme eingesetzt werden.

Highlights

Introduction to quantum computing and its potential impact on society.

Quantum computers' ability to address complex problems that classical computers cannot.

The current limitations of classical computers in tackling global challenges like climate crisis and drug discovery.

Visualization of problem-solving capacity: classical computers vs. quantum computers.

Quantum computers' potential to simulate quantum systems accurately.

The concept of qubits and their ability to exist in a state of superposition.

Exponential growth in computing power due to quantum physics principles like superposition and entanglement.

Quantum circuits as a method for controlling and calculating with qubits.

The roadmap for quantum computing development from 2019 to beyond 2026.

Entering the era of utility quantum computing for scientific discoveries.

Physical appearance and architecture of a 433 qubit quantum chip named Osprey.

Importance of considering scale, quality, and speed when evaluating quantum computers.

Quantum computing's role in healthcare and life sciences, particularly drug discovery.

Cleveland Clinic's investment in quantum computing for research and education.

The potential of quantum computing in addressing the climate crisis and optimizing energy distribution.

The global disparity in access to quantum computing and the need for responsible development.

The Open Quantum Institute's mission to make quantum computing accessible and educate about its potential.

Challenges and bottlenecks in scaling up quantum computers for broader use.

The energy efficiency of quantum computers compared to classical computers.

The potential for quantum computing to optimize and revolutionize financial markets.

Transcripts

[Music]

[Applause]

good evening everyone what a pleasure to

be here a philosopher at CERN I think

that's a great place to meet um I'm very

excited to dive with you into the world

of quantum Computing into why we build

and develop quantum computers what we

use them for how they work and also how

we can make sure that as Society we can

use them in a way that they that we all

can profit from

them so as you know as society as a

whole we have a number of tremendous

challenges that we're facing from

feeding feeding the world feeding the

world's population the climate crisis

better stable markets better um

financial markets to drug Discovery

something that is currently relatively

slow as we unfortunately had to

experience over the last years these

problems are so challenging because

they're incredibly complex they're

actually so complex that with our

classic computers they're coming to the

limits and as you know the classical

computers that we're having they're huge

so there's something about these types

of problems that makes them specific

that with our classical computers some

of them we can't even address just by

the nature of how some of them work so

just by the nature of how nature works

so to look a little bit closer into the

kinds of problems what they are and why

which ones we can address and which ones

we can't address I find this graphic

really really helpful so if you think of

all the types of problems that we're

having the types of problems that we can

address today with classical computers

are in the middle those are the white

problems as you can see it's a

relatively small subset then there's a

huge typ area

of problems in the light blue which are

the problems that we can't address

adequately today and then there's the

blue ellipses which is the types of

problems that we hope to be able to

address with quantum computers and it's

not because I'm really bad at PowerPoint

that the ellipses actually spend into

the dark but it spend into the dark

because there might be a type of problem

that we can't even think of today that

we will be able to address with quantum

computers so you've seen that there

really is a number of large complex

problems that we hope to address with

quantum computers so what might these

be I can tell you the numbers in the

white in the middle in the white those

the types of problems are things like

writing emails number crunching

potentially streaming Netflix rewatching

this talk at some point but the types of

problems that are in the dark blue are

problems like this so they range from

simulating Quantum

systems As We Know the nature doesn't

behave according to the laws of

classical physics they behave it behaves

according to the laws of quantum physics

so with classical computers we cannot

simulate nature accurately we do need

quantum computers for that so that's one

big area and that's bends to areas such

as quantum chemistry Material Sciences

and high energy physics a place that we

find us in here um there's also

potential applications in the area of

artificial intelligence where we can

potentially do better model training

pattern recognition and also in the area

of optimization as you know optimization

problems are very very challenging

problems and

so optimizing doing those uh

optimization problems faster has huge

potentials but okay seeing what we could

do with quantum computers and what

classic computers aren't adequate for of

course this raises the question well

what is it then about quantum computers

that makes them so

special the answer the basic principles

of the answer lies in this uh two sides

of the graphic on the one hand side you

see what we call a cubit so you know

that In classical Computing we compute

with bits bits we can represent

information in form of one and zero but

with cubits we can harness the

principles of quantum physics and can

actually represent not only one and zero

but also one and zero at the same

time so one and zero at the same time

that uses the principle of superposition

what is that how might that work there's

a nice analogy that you can use to think

of it think of tossing a coin you have

the coin on your on your hand on the

palm of your hand um and there you

measure it it's either either zero or

one then you throw it into the air and

while it's in the air you can't tell is

it zero or one it's in a state of

superposition you could say when it

lands back in your hand it's again

either zero or one or either heads or

tails in that case and so you've

measured it

and you can think of it similarly when

you hear superposition it's a similar

principle and so we can actually encode

information in those States so with a

cubid we have twice the amount of

information that we can encode and if we

add multiple cubits to another which

we're doing in a Quantum circuit then

this aspect this phenomenon actually

grows exponentially and since the past

two years I don't have to explain

exponential growth to you anymore so you

can imagine what exponential power we're

having in using quantum computers and

harnessing some of the princip of

quantum physics as a superposition

entanglement and of course more the

question then is well how can we control

these cubits because in order to

calculate with them such as with

classical computers we need to control

them and also tell them how actually

calculate with them and this is what we

call Quantum circuits it's another term

for just a Quantum algorithm so we put

them in a certain order we tell them um

certain ways to behave and then we can

measure them at the end and this is how

we then read out uh our measurements and

our the result of our calculation so

this is the basic princip of quantum

Computing and don't worry this is not

going to go into a lecture but gives you

some of the basic principles what that

allows you to understand why they're so

powerful and why we're so excited um

about them so the next question and of

course is well okay that sounds fine but

where are we are is that theory do we

have them what what's what's the road

ahead and you you're noticing that we're

really exploring Uncharted territories

here and for any exploration

typically what you take with you is a

map and typically this map also looks

relatively messy because um it it has a

lot of details on the map so I've

brought with you a map that we're using

to explore the territory of quantum and

as promised it looks a little bit messy

or at least very busy um but don't worry

we go through it um uh in detail uh I'll

I'll help you how to read this map so

start at the bottom in the dark blue

this is where you can see the hardware

so you see one of the the cubits or

actually in the first one you see 27

cubits on a chip this is what we started

with 2019 this is actually when we put

the first quantum computer on the cloud

so if you had tried to use a quantum

computer in 2019 you could have used

them via cloud and then since then we've

progressed and if you go to the top you

see the timeline and so you see that in

2022 um we've released uh a 433 Cubit

system so you see that the systems are

growing the number of cubits on the

chips are growing and then you can see

also from today uh 2023 2024 and to

Beyond

2026 what you can see and what I want to

draw you attention to as well is to the

top you can see that starting this uh

this year we're really entering the era

of utility Quantum Computing so we're

entering the error where we can use

quantum Computing for useful scientific

discoveries

it's we're entering the era we're at the

beginning that's very important to

mention but you can see that also as

we're growing the systems and making um

significant advances in the Middle where

and I won't go into detail there we

really are getting towards um further

advancements on all of the levels so

when you wonder you know where are we

with Quantum Computing what's the map or

what's the road map ahead think of

something like this and this is actually

publicly available and we're accountable

to it um and so far we we've achieved

every step of it so it seems to be a

reliable map as well so I've I've shown

you sort of a a picture of a cubit what

it might look like but I also want to

show you what a cubid and what cubits

actually look like on a chip so the chip

from that we've released last year this

is Osprey um is a 433 Cubit chip and you

can think of it um looking like this if

you kind of opened it up and looked at

it from the site and this is the you can

see the architecture and how the cubits

are arranged on that ship but often when

you hear about Quantum Computing you

hear and it's very impressive also the

number of cubits on a chip I mean

consider that this chip is just a tiny

bit larger than a penny coin so it's

very very

impressive however there's other

elements that you need to bear in mind

when you're considering the performance

of a quantum computer and this is

something I would really ask you to take

away with you because often we get stuck

in conversations about uh quantum

computers and the number of cubits but

really what matters is on the one hand

the scale the number of quantum cubits

but how these cubits

behave the as we're cooling down our

quantum computers to minus 270 degrees

so to colder than outer space we're

already doing quite a lot for them to

behave to control them but they still do

misbehave at times so we need something

we need the quality a measure for we

have a measure for a quality which is

about the Fidelity of the cubits and the

circuits as well and then of course as

you know with any computation there's

speed you don't want to run a

computation wait forever and and just

get bored waiting forever so those are

the three aspects you should actually

look at when you're

wondering where are we with quantum

computers are there good quantum

computers so going back to why do we

build them so I've told you we have a

number of complex problems I've told you

only a few maybe the most important ones

maybe not but a few really really

important ones that as a society we're

grappling with and I want to focus on uh

the the one in drug Discovery and in

healthcare and Life Sciences so you

heard that quantum computers can

simulate nature so naturally it's it's

natural to think of okay where do we

simulating nature that's in the area of

healthare and life sciences and there is

institutions such as hospitals that also

do research one of the largest ones

actually is uh in the United States is

Cleveland Clinic it's a very large

institution that does research

research but also is a hospital itself

the Cleveland Clinic is known to be an

institution that does leading Healthcare

and Life Sciences research and also to

do education and they decided that if

they want to be ahead and be able to

continue driving the research in the

area of healthcare and Life Sciences

they also need to be had with

Technologies so actually Cleveland

Clinic has decided to buy a quantum

computer and this is not science fiction

they've not only decided to buy a

quantum computer they've also actually

already installed the quantum computer

so if you walk to the cafeteria of the

Cleveland Clinic you can see

this so there's a working quantum

computer with 127 cubits and they'll get

the louter chip as well that they use

for their research and they also use for

educational

purposes so the types of problems

they're looking into are very similar to

the types of problems that I've uh

discussed before they're simulating

nature so for drug Discovery for

diagnostics for precision medicine

processing dat large complex data and of

of course also search and optimization

and you have those also in healthcare

process optimization or population

Health Management so this is in the area

of healthcare and life sciences and it's

very much happening right now over in

the United

States another area that challenges us

is the climate crisis and as we know

we're trying to move away from

traditional cars to electric vehicles

but we also know that one of the

challenges is that with electric

vehicles um the Grits actually that

they're peaking because we're using

we're charging them overnight and so we

have peaks in the usage of the energy um

and that's not ideal and as a energy

supplier and one of them is Eon uh you

might have heard of they're really

interested in having um an optimized way

of how the energy is distributed across

the grid and so they're actually looking

into using Quantum this is a incredibly

complex um operation an incredibly

complex optimization problem so they're

looking into using quantum computers to

see whether they can optimize the way

that energy is being used in the grids

another that is also related to the

climate change and also in some way

related to electric vehicles and using

more

batteries um is from this car man

manufacturer you might know that

batteries currently they're very heavy

they don't last as long as we would like

them to so they need to be lighter and

last much longer and for that we need to

discover new materials and so this

company is looking into discovering new

materials with Quantum Computing so

again we're going back to simul in

nature to see whether there's better

materials for the use in

batteries so I think this makes really

clear what the potential of quantum

Computing is and that the prospect of

the being able to address these really

challenging problems is really

fascinating however there's one

challenge that we have as a globe and

that is how who has access to Quantum

Computing who partakes in the research

of quantum computing and ultimately also

who will benefit from these tremendous

benefits that I think we would all want

to benefit from if we look at Who

currently invests into Quantum Computing

and who currently across the globe has a

Quantum Computing strategy we see

something like this picture and as you

can see the picture is colored very

heavily on one side of the globe and not

so much on another side of the globe and

this is a challenge I mean that we're

seeing with digitalization in general

and the risk that we're seeing with

Quantum the good thing is that with

Quantum we're early on so with Quantum

we're so early on that we actually can

do things differently and this is why

we're doing research into responsible

Quantum Computing so responsible

Computing understood as Computing that

is considering the implications of the

technology that is aware of the power of

its effects that is looking into um

mitigating the potential Harms of

quantum Computing proactively in an

inclusive manner uh looking into

accessibility and accountability and so

overall to be guided by principles of

responsible technology

development and this is really as I

mentioned we're really early on so we

used to we're at the beginning of the

era of quantum Computing so it's really

really high time that we think about

this because we can be practive with

other Technologies we're running behind

we we had to see what had to go wrong

first and then we come up with Solutions

with Quantum Computing we have the

opportunity to really learn from that

and to not make mistakes again so we can

be really proactive and also everyone in

the community we're all working on this

because we we want Quantum to be used

for good none of us is working on this

and there's a lot of hard work as you

can imagine being put into this none of

us do this so that they misused so as a

community we're really interested and

also having quantum computers used in a

very responsible way and we also finally

have the uh as a moral philosopher we

have the moral obligation also to do so

to consider the implications to consider

what is happening outside of the lab and

fortunately I'm speaking today at CERN

because there's actually a wonderful

initiative that was born not far away

from here at Jester and is now hosted at

CERN which is the open Quantum Institute

the open Quantum Institute that was just

announced very recently or launched very

recently about a month ago has the

mission to make Quantum Computing

accessible for everyone to to grow

education to grow the awareness

especially also among policy makers and

to make sure that in addressing these

most complex problems we're addressing

those that have already been identified

as being the most complex problems

namely those um that we addressing

within the

SGS so this is a very real initiative

that is happening that is starting to

address the challenge that I've

mentioned so coming to to to conclude

you've seen that with Quantum Computing

there's a lot of potential we can

improve nitrogen fixation to uh for

creating ammonia based fertilizers we

can find potentially find new materials

to better St store uh carbon we can find

better Financial models for um a more

improved financial markets and we can

find discover new class of antibiotics

new classes of drugs um that we urgently

need

if you now think well this sounds a lot

of the future this sounds very Rosy then

I'll just leave you with this and I

think you're thinking too

classically thank you thank you Mira

um you showed us this chart that is is

now somewhere between 500 and 1,000

cubits for a computer right that's the

current State ofthe

art when we think of a really powerful

quantum computer we're talking about

million of millions of cubits so what

are the bottlenecks that uh that we need

to break through before getting there

yeah so I I've alluded to one of them

which is the way that the cubits behave

so although we already cool them down

they still we call that them being noisy

which effectively we mean that they

don't quite behave the way we want

and so not only do we have to build

larger systems but we also need to build

larger systems that are reli reliable so

that's why I mentioned the Fidelity um

and so that that is an engineering

challenge that we need to overcome so

it's it's really uh one where we need

breakthroughs um and we're making

breakthroughs on a sort of daily basis

to overcome this engineering challenge

um another challenge then also is in

making sure that when we're using

quantum computers we're really using

we're finding the right problems to use

them for now so so we're working

actually we're partnering with a lot of

Institutions um to to make sure that as

we have these um as we sort of

chartering into those territories and as

we're starting to be able to really use

them that we're using them at that

moment for the right problems and not

using them for something that is not

actually relevant how flexible is a

quantum computer I mean what I

understand is is not updatable for

example if I buy one now and I put it in

my

cafeteria uh it looks cool no doubt it

looks cool I will impress my friends

but I cannot just download another piece

of software in six months and update it

uh so how how specific are they to

specific tasks uh no the so we're

building actually so the the aim is to

build Universal uh full Char on quantum

computers um so there's a lot of work

going on of course with the software and

the middleware to improve that but but

it's it's really it's it's kind of I

think you need to change the way you ask

that question as well and thinking to

because you come with a problem that is

relevant for quantum computer and so you

know how to you need to of course um

address it in ways or kind of uh put it

in ways that is being that it can be run

on a quantum computer and then you you

can run it so you use a different

software it's a software for instance we

call kkit it's an open source software

as well um that you can use um but yeah

you need to kind of make sure you've

find found a problem so if if you came

and wanted to crunch numbers or write

emails with a quantum computer I hope

someone would tell you very early on to

not do not do that uh just out of

curiosity the quantum computer we saw

from Cleveland what's the price range

for a machine like that I've have no I

work in research I don't sell these

things wrong person I suspect I suspect

is in the in the several million but uh

uh going back to the question that he

had before uh so there is the aspect of

using quantum computers to uh optimize

for example electric distribution etc

etc there's also the aspect of quantum

computers using a lot of resources and

energy right uh the machine we saw is

probably I don't know three cubic meters

in size but the actual computer is

something like this yeah so all the rest

is wiring Cooling and supporting

Machinery uh we we've heard a lot in the

last year and a half since you know chbt

and other AI systems came into into the

public space that uh the energy use of

data centers and AI is growing

exponentially what is the game here in

terms of energy use so there's sort of

two parts the reason that we're looking

into finding using quantum computers for

optimization problems or for simulation

is so that we can actually run these

types of problems that we're currently

running on sort of inefficient classical

Hardware that we can run them more

efficiently that's one part and the

second part is also so we've heard of so

we're looking for Quantum Advantage so

we're looking for when a quantum

computer has an advantage in in solving

a problem over a classical computer but

there's also an initiative that is

looking into Quantum energy Advantage so

the idea here is to create a benchmark

where not only we're looking that a

problem is being solved faster but also

that it's being solved in a more energy

efficient way and so this is actually um

something that I think most of most of

the community is currently looking at

and doing active Research into because

of course the question is as quantum

computers will run in sync with

classical comp computers so you you

can't think of one or the other you will

use them together so the question is if

you want to measure that and Benchmark

that where do you start do you do you

kind of dissolve the the quantum

calculation from the classical

calculation do you take it from start to

the end and so it's currently a very

active research to look into how do we

measure that how we actually say how

much energy is being used and so this is

an initiative that's actually not far

from here from grob uh from the cnrs um

that is looking that's called the

quantum energy initiative that is

looking into establishing exactly that

and how to measure that okay was the

same question and you have a question

please stand

up hi yeah it's okay um really happy

that you uh gave the example of

financial markets potentially using

Quantum

technology um so I know that Banks um in

some cases are quite dependent still on

Legacy systems um for very ious reasons

so for these institutions to effectively

leverage Quantum

technology what what what kind of

changes are you expecting to see at like

an Enterprise operating model for these

Banks to be able to effectively use this

and like on a high level how would you

go about building a capability to use

quantum data analytics for example yeah

I think it's a very excellent question

so I'll try to be quick and the how we

could talk hours about this question um

but basically so the the important sort

of underlying assumption is that with

Quantum it's going to be integrated into

the at infrastructure so ideally as an

end user who's not responsible for

running the uh who's not sort of at the

quantum computer and making sure the

integration is happening you're not

really noticing you don't have to

necessarily know is this being run on on

um classical or is this being run on

Quantum however at this point in time

when you're trying to integrate you're

trying to also find out what are the

most relevant problems it is really and

this is something we we're seeing

happening and it's on app Skilling so I

mentioned that there's a certain

software which is kuit and it's on

learning this and so the how is to

starting right now on upskilling to to

understand how how to um transfer your

your your problem into a problem that

can be run on a quantum computer and to

really start with small problems that

you can use the machines for now I mean

every Bank could log onto the cloud and

use the right now um to then when we

have the larger systems to really be

able to harness the potential um and so

yeah I think that this is something um

sort of it's really across as awareness

building so that the entirety of

financial institutions also understand

what the relevance is and can use it um

the moment the systems are at the uh

utility scale from the main frame to the

quantum computer in a single leap okay

Mira thank you very much Ro

M thank

you

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