Kewenangan Absolut vs Kewenangan Relatif Peradilan Agama
Summary
TLDRThe video discusses the distinction between absolute and relative authority in religious courts in Indonesia. Absolute authority refers to specific types of cases such as marriage, inheritance, and Islamic economics, governed by laws like the 2006 Law No. 3. Relative authority involves jurisdiction based on territorial boundaries, determining which court has the authority to handle a case based on the parties' domicile. It explains legal principles, including 'actor sequitur forum rei' and how jurisdiction is determined in divorce cases, with special attention to the residence of the wife and specific legal exceptions.
Takeaways
- 📜 The discussion focuses on the differences between absolute authority and relative authority in judicial matters, especially within religious courts.
- ⚖️ Absolute authority refers to the court's jurisdiction over specific types of cases, as defined by law, such as marriage, inheritance, wills, almsgiving, and sharia economic issues, based on Law No. 3 of 2006, Article 49.
- 🌍 Relative authority is related to the geographical jurisdiction of a court, meaning the territorial scope a particular court covers, such as one or more districts or cities.
- 🏘️ Relative authority is determined by the principle of *actor sequitur forum rei*, which prioritizes the defendant's domicile in determining the jurisdiction.
- 🏠 In cases of divorce, the relative authority usually depends on the wife's last known place of residence unless she has deliberately left the marital home without a valid reason.
- 👩⚖️ If a husband wants to file for divorce, he must submit the case to the religious court that has jurisdiction over the wife's place of residence unless certain exceptions apply.
- 📍 Another principle, *actor sequitur forum rei*, also allows for the jurisdiction to be based on the location of the disputed object, like property.
- 🏙️ If a defendant lives in a different area from the object in question, the filing can occur in the defendant's local court, but the court handling the case may request assistance from a court near the object for local inspection.
- 📝 In cases where both the defendant's location and the object’s location are relevant, the two principles (*actor sequitur forum rei* and *actor sequitur forum rei-t*) are applied together to determine the handling process.
- 🎓 The script ends with a note that the explanation is aimed at giving a better understanding of judicial authority distinctions in religious courts.
Q & A
What is the difference between absolute and relative authority in the religious court system?
-Absolute authority refers to the court's jurisdiction over certain types of cases, such as marriage, inheritance, and Islamic economics, as stipulated by law. Relative authority, on the other hand, relates to the geographical jurisdiction of a court, determining which court can handle a case based on the location of the parties or the subject matter.
What types of cases fall under the absolute authority of religious courts according to Law No. 3 of 2006?
-Cases under absolute authority include matters of marriage, inheritance, wills, gifts, waqf (endowments), zakat, charity, and Islamic economics.
How is relative authority determined in the context of religious courts?
-Relative authority is determined by the jurisdiction of a court over a specific territorial area, which can cover one or more cities or districts. This is important when certain areas do not have a designated court.
What is the principle of 'actor sequitur forum rei' and how does it apply?
-'Actor sequitur forum rei' is a principle that dictates that the lawsuit should be filed in the court where the defendant resides, particularly in divorce cases.
In a divorce case, where should the petition be filed according to relative authority?
-In a divorce case, the petition should be filed in the religious court that has jurisdiction over the wife's place of residence, unless the wife has left the marital home without the husband’s permission or legal justification.
What happens if the wife has left the marital home without permission in a divorce case?
-If the wife has left the marital home without permission or legal grounds, the husband can file the divorce petition in the court that has jurisdiction over his own place of residence.
What is the role of territorial jurisdiction in determining relative authority in a case involving property?
-Territorial jurisdiction is determined by the location of the subject matter, such as property. If a case involves property located in a specific area, the court with jurisdiction over that area handles the case.
What is an example of a conflict between territorial jurisdiction and a defendant’s location?
-If the defendant lives in North Jakarta but the property in question is in South Jakarta, the case should be filed in the court where the defendant resides (North Jakarta). However, if a site inspection is needed, the religious court in South Jakarta would handle that part.
Can the court that has jurisdiction over the defendant's residence conduct site inspections in another court's jurisdiction?
-No, the court with jurisdiction over the defendant's residence cannot conduct site inspections in another court’s jurisdiction. Instead, the court in the area where the property is located must perform the inspection.
What legal provisions govern the principles of relative authority in Indonesia's religious courts?
-The principles of relative authority are governed by Article 118 of the Civil Procedure Code (Hukum Acara Perdata) and Article 142 of the Indonesian Civil Code (RBG).
Outlines
📜 Absolute vs. Relative Authority in Religious Courts
This paragraph explains the difference between absolute and relative authority (kewenangan absolut and kewenangan relatif) in the context of religious courts. Absolute authority relates to the types of cases the religious courts are authorized to handle, as per Article 49 of Law No. 3 of 2006. These include cases concerning marriage, inheritance, wills, charity (wakaf, zakat, infak, and sedekah), and Islamic economics. Relative authority, on the other hand, is about territorial jurisdiction, meaning which court has the authority over cases based on geographical location. It is explained that some courts may cover multiple regions or districts, especially where there is no local court.
🌍 Territorial Jurisdiction in Religious Courts
This paragraph delves deeper into relative authority, emphasizing the principle of territorial jurisdiction, especially in cases like divorce. It explains that the jurisdiction is typically based on the wife's residence unless she has left the marital home without justification. It outlines the two legal principles of 'actor sequitur forum rei,' which refers to where the defendant lives, and jurisdiction based on the location of the disputed object. In divorce cases, the petition should be filed where the wife resides unless exceptions apply. Additionally, the paragraph explains how the court handles cases where the residence of the defendant and the location of the disputed object differ.
⚖️ Application of Actor Sequitur Forum Rei
This section provides a practical example of how the principle of 'actor sequitur forum rei' is applied in religious courts. It explains the process when the defendant's residence and the location of the object in dispute (such as property) are in different jurisdictions. The example given is about a case where the defendant lives in North Jakarta, but the disputed object is in South Jakarta. In such cases, the lawsuit is filed in the court where the defendant resides, but the investigation or local inspection of the disputed object is conducted by the court where the object is located, emphasizing the collaboration between different courts. This ensures proper jurisdictional procedures are followed.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Kewenangan Absolut
💡Kewenangan Relatif
💡Pasal 49 Undang-Undang No. 3 Tahun 2006
💡Perkara Perdata
💡Aktor Sequitur Forum Rei
💡Perkara Perceraian
💡Domisili
💡Pengadilan Agama
💡Yurisdiksi
💡Pemeriksaan Setempat
Highlights
Explanation of the difference between absolute authority and relative authority.
Absolute authority relates to specific types of cases such as marriage, inheritance, wills, donations, endowments, zakat, alms, and Islamic economics.
Absolute authority is regulated under Article 49 of Law No. 3 of 2006.
Relative authority concerns the jurisdiction or territorial scope of a court's authority.
In Indonesia, a court can cover one or more districts/cities due to the absence of courts in certain regions.
Relative authority can be determined using two principles: actor sequitur forum rei and actor sequitur forum loci.
Actor sequitur forum rei refers to the domicile of the defendant or one of the defendants.
For divorce cases in religious courts, whether a wife is the petitioner or respondent, the jurisdiction is based on her current residence, unless she has deliberately left the shared residence.
An exception exists if the wife leaves the marital home without the husband's consent or a legally acceptable reason; then the husband may file in his own jurisdiction.
Actor sequitur forum loci applies when the case concerns the location of the subject matter, such as property.
If the defendant lives in North Jakarta but the case involves property in South Jakarta, the South Jakarta Religious Court has jurisdiction over the property.
Local court inspections are handled by the court with territorial authority over the property, not the defendant’s local court.
The two principles of actor sequitur forum rei and actor sequitur forum loci can overlap in a single case.
If both principles are involved, the case can be filed in the defendant’s local court, but inspections must be requested from the court with territorial jurisdiction over the subject matter.
Practical guidance on how religious courts manage cases involving different jurisdictions for the defendant and the subject matter.
Transcripts
kita
lanjut pembahasan mengenai eh pacara
perdana agama Nah ada salah satu
pertanyaan yang sering
eh kami jumpai dalam beberapa pembahasan
Apa sih bedanya kewenangan absolut dan
kewenangan
relatif jadi dua-duanya terkait dengan
kewenangan hanya saja punya cakupan yang
berbeda kewenangan Absolut peran agama
berkait dengan perkara-perkara apa atau
jenis Perkara apa yang menjadi
kewenangan perdana
agama kewenan Absolut ini diatur dalam
pasal 49 undang-undang nomor 3 tahun
2006 ya yang terdiri dari beberapa jenis
perkara seperti yang telah kita sebutkan
dalam beberapa episode yang lalu jadi
ada bidang perkawinan waris wasiat hibah
wakaf zakat infak sedekah dan ekonomi
syariah itulah yang yang dimaksud dengan
kewenangan Absolut atau kewenangan badan
pengadilan mengadili jenis-jenis perkara
tertentu yang diatur menurut hukum atau
perundang-undangan lalu yang kedua
kewenangan relatif adalah kewenangan
yang berkaitan dengan yurisdiksi atau
Wilayah hukum suatu pengadilan nah ini
bicara tentang teritorial bicara tentang
eh lingkup wilayah ya Jadi kalau di
Indonesia satu pengadilan bisa
melingkupi satu atau lebih kabupaten
kota jadi ada beberapa pengadilan yang
wilayahnya atau yurisdiksinya meliputi
satu atau lebih ya kabupaten kota karena
di kabupaten kota tertentu itu belum ada
pengadilan sehingga dia masih mencakup
beberapa kabupaten kota sebagai ee
yurisdiksinya nah bagaimana menentukan
Kew Relatif itu bisa dilakukan dengan
dua prinsip yang pertama aktor sekutor
forum re lalu yang kedua aktor seutor
forum R ini diatur dalam pasal 118 H dan
18 atau 142 rbg jadi
Ak Ini berkaitan dengan eh kewenangan
rela pengadilan ya terhadap perkara yang
berkaitan denganat tinggal tergugat atau
para tergugat atau salah satu dari
tergugat jadi aktor sekutor forum ini
berbicara tentang Di mana tempat tinggal
tergugat ya Di mana tempat tinggal
tergugat atau para tergugat atau salah
satu dari tergugat intinya aktor sekutor
forum Ray berbicara tentang domisili
para pihak khususnya tergugat Nah untuk
perkara perceraian di peradan agama baik
itu cerai gugat maupun cerai talak
tooknya adalah tempat tinggal terakhir
dari istri ya Kecuali Kecuali istri
dengan sengaja meninggalkan kediaman
bersama jadi baik istri dalam posisi
sebagai termohon maupun dia sebagai
penggugat maka acuan kewenangan
relatifnya adalah tempat tinggal atau
domisili senyatanya dari pihak istri ya
kecuali ia meninggalkan kediaman bersama
jadi misalnya dalam perkara cerai talak
pemohon atau suami ingin mengajukan
perkara ke pengadaan agama ya maka dia
mengajukan ke pengadaan agama yang
mewilayahi tempat tinggal istrinya atau
termohon kecuali suami merasa bahwa
istri dengan sengaja meninggalkan
kediaman bersama tanpa izin suami atau
tanpa ada alasan yang dapat dibenarkan
menurut hukum maka pemohon dapat
mengajukan ke pengadilan agama yang
mewilayahi tempat
tinggalnya jadi ini ada pengecualian
untuk di pengadilan agama lalu yang
kedua asas aktur seutor forum R ini
berkaitan dengan kewenangan relatif
pengadilan memeriksa perkara tertentu
eh berdasarkan lokasi objek perkara
misalnya ee objek perkaranya ada di
Jakarta Selatan maka yang berwenang
adalah Pengadilan Agama Jakarta Selatan
bagaimana perwujudannya jika
misalnya tergugat bertempat tinggal di
Jakarta Utara tetapi objek ada di
Jakarta Selatan maka yang didahulukan
adalah aktor sekutor forum ray-nya lalu
kemudian aktor sekutor forum reite jadi
cara penanganannya adalah gugatan
diajukan di pengadilan agama Jakarta
Utara Akan tetapi jika ada pemeriksaan
setempat terhadap bujik tersebut maka
dilakukan pemeriksaan setempat dengan
meminta bantuan kepada pengadan agama
Jakarta Selatan tidak boleh petugas di
pengadan agama Jakarta Utara melakukan
pemeriksaan setempat sendiri di wilayah
pengadan Agama Jakarta Selatan Nah
inilah contoh penerapan aktor sekutor
forum Ray dan aktor sekutor forum jika
keduanya berkelind dan atau terkait
terdapat secara bersamaan di dalam satu
gugatan
eh yang diajukan ke pengadan agama
semoga bermanfaat demikian salam the one
minute of low studies
浏览更多相关视频
El Matrimonio en el Derecho Romano
What is Subject Matter Jurisdiction? UPDATED VERSION: https://youtu.be/P7oky-OOz7U
Structure of the Court System: Crash Course Government and Politics #19
Difference between federal court and state court
School of Law Vetha Philos 2023 24 Article 32 Constitutional Remedies and Writ Jurisdiction of S
Objek Sengketa Tata Usaha Negara Dr Ridwan, S H , M Hum
5.0 / 5 (0 votes)