Prinsip Pembelajaran Gagne

Cecep Kustandi

13 May 202004:05

Summary

TLDRThis educational video script introduces Robert M. Gagné's 'Event of Instruction' theory, a method to enhance learning effectiveness. It outlines nine key events: capturing attention, stating objectives, recalling prior learning, introducing new material, providing learning guidance, eliciting performance, providing feedback, assessing outcomes, and enhancing retention and transfer. The script emphasizes the importance of each step in creating engaging and effective learning experiences, ultimately aiming to equip learners with the necessary knowledge and skills.

Takeaways

😀 Robert M. Gagné is an American educational psychologist who developed the 'Event of Instruction' model.
🤔 The 'Event of Instruction' model suggests that learning processes are unique to each individual.
🔍 The model includes nine events that can be applied to any learning process to enhance effectiveness.
🎯 The first event is 'gaining attention', which involves capturing the interest of learners with something new or unique.
📝 'Informing learners of the objective' is the second event, where the teacher communicates the learning objectives at the beginning of the lesson.
🧠 The third event, 'reciting prior learning', involves reviewing previously learned material to stimulate memory.
📚 'Presenting the stimulus' is the fourth event, where new learning material is introduced after the review.
🤓 'Providing learning guidance' is the fifth event, where teachers guide learners through the learning process with questions and prompts.
💡 'Eliciting performance' is the sixth event, where learners demonstrate their understanding by showing what they have learned.
📊 'Providing feedback' is the seventh event, where teachers give learners feedback on their performance and learning.
📈 The eighth event is 'assessing performance', where teachers assign tasks to gauge the learners' understanding.
🔁 The final event, 'enhancing retention and transfer', involves learners repeating and practicing what they've learned to improve memory and ability to apply knowledge.

Q & A

Who is Robert M. Gagné and what is his significance in the field of education?
-Robert M. Gagné is an American educational psychologist known for his theories and methods in learning, including the 'event of instruction' model, which is designed to be applied in various learning processes.
What does Gagné believe about the learning process in individuals?
-Gagné believes that the learning process is very different for every individual.
What are the nine events of instruction according to Gagné?
-The nine events of instruction are: 1) Gaining attention, 2) Informing the learner of the objective, 3) Stimulating recall of prior learning, 4) Presenting the stimulus (material to be learned), 5) Providing learning guidance, 6) Eliciting performance, 7) Providing feedback, 8) Assessing performance, and 9) Enhancing retention and transfer.
How does the first event of instruction, 'gaining attention', work?
-The first event of instruction involves the educator capturing the learners' attention by presenting something new and interesting to spark their interest.
What is the purpose of informing the learner of the objective in the second event of instruction?
-Informing the learner of the objective sets clear expectations about what the learner should master after the lesson, which helps in focusing their learning efforts.
Why is it important to stimulate recall of prior learning in the third event of instruction?
-Stimulating recall of prior learning helps to refresh the learner's memory about previously learned material, which can aid in connecting new information to existing knowledge.
What role does presenting the stimulus play in the learning process?
-Presenting the stimulus involves introducing the new material to be learned, which is a crucial step in the learning process as it provides the content for the learner to engage with.
How does providing learning guidance enhance the learning experience?
-Providing learning guidance involves the educator guiding the learners through the learning process, making it more active and broadening their understanding by posing guiding questions.
What is the significance of eliciting performance in Gagné's model?
-Eliciting performance requires the learners to demonstrate their understanding, which helps reinforce what they have learned and prepares them for future application.
Why is feedback important in the learning process as described by Gagné?
-Feedback is crucial as it allows the educator to provide insights to the learners about their learning outcomes, informing them of their accuracy and areas for improvement.
How does assessing performance contribute to the learning process?
-Assessing performance involves the educator giving tasks to learners to gauge their understanding, which is essential for evaluating how well the learning objectives have been met.
What is the goal of enhancing retention and transfer in the final event of instruction?
-Enhancing retention and transfer aims to encourage learners to review and practice the knowledge gained, stimulating their ability to remember and apply what they have learned in different contexts.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Introduction to Gagne's Instructional Events

The paragraph introduces the concept of instructional events as proposed by Robert M. Gagne, a psychologist from America. Gagne's theory suggests that the learning process varies greatly among individuals. After extensive research, he developed a method and theory of learning, including the 'event of instruction', which can be applied to any learning process. The paragraph outlines the nine events of instruction, which are designed to create effective and engaging learning experiences. These events include gaining attention, informing learners of the objective, recalling prior learning, introducing new material, providing learning guidance, eliciting performance, providing feedback, assessing performance, and enhancing retention and transfer of learning.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Instructional Design

Instructional Design refers to the systematic process of creating instructional experiences to improve performance. In the video, it is the overarching theme as it discusses the application of Gagne's theory to create effective learning experiences. The script mentions 'event of instruction' as a part of this design process.

💡Robert M. Gagne

Robert M. Gagne is a prominent educational psychologist who developed the 'Events of Instruction' model. The video script highlights his belief in the diversity of learning processes and his contribution to educational theory through his research and methodologies.

💡Events of Instruction

Events of Instruction are a series of steps that guide the instructional process. The video script outlines these steps, which include gaining attention, informing learners of objectives, and providing feedback, among others, as a way to structure learning effectively.

💡Gaining Attention

Gaining Attention is the first event in Gagne's model, which involves capturing the interest of learners. The script uses this term to illustrate how educators should engage students by presenting novel ideas to spark interest, setting the stage for effective learning.

💡Informing Learners of Objectives

Informing Learners of Objectives is a step where educators communicate the goals of the lesson. The video script emphasizes the importance of setting clear expectations at the beginning of a lesson to guide learners on what they should master.

💡Recall Prior Learning

Recall Prior Learning is a step where educators review previously learned material to stimulate memory and build upon existing knowledge. The script mentions this as a way to reinforce what has been learned and prepare for new information.

💡Presenting the Material

Presenting the Material is a step where new content is introduced to learners. The video script discusses how educators should present new learning material after reviewing previous content, ensuring a smooth transition and continuity in learning.

💡Providing Learning Guidance

Providing Learning Guidance involves directing learners through the learning process. The script uses this term to describe how educators should guide students with questions and support to enhance their understanding and engagement.

💡Eliciting Performance

Eliciting Performance is a step where learners demonstrate their understanding. The video script refers to this as an opportunity for students to show what they have learned, which helps in reinforcing memory and understanding.

💡Providing Feedback

Providing Feedback is a crucial step where educators give learners information about their performance. The script highlights the importance of feedback in informing learners about their progress and accuracy, which is essential for learning improvement.

💡Assessing Performance

Assessing Performance is the step where educators evaluate learners' understanding. The video script mentions this as a way to gauge how well learners have grasped the material and to identify areas for further instruction.

💡Enhancing Retention and Transfer

Enhancing Retention and Transfer is the final step where learners are encouraged to practice and apply what they have learned. The script discusses this as a means to strengthen memory and the ability to transfer knowledge to new situations, which is a key goal of the learning process.

Highlights

Introduction to Gagne's theory of learning

Gagne's belief in the diversity of learning processes

Gagne's development of learning methods and theories

The nine events of instruction

Attracting attention to stimulate interest

Presenting the learning objectives

Recall of previously learned concepts

Introduction of new learning material

Providing guidance for learning

Eliciting performance from the learner

Providing feedback on learning outcomes

Assessing the learning results

Enhancing retention and transfer of learning

The importance of repetition and practice

Reviewing and practicing to reinforce learning

Gagne's principles of learning for effective and engaging education

The ultimate goal of learning processes is to impart necessary knowledge and skills