Introduction to Human-Computer Interaction - What is Human-Computer Interaction?

Summary

This video introduces Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), exploring how humans interact with technology such as phones, computers, and ATMs. It emphasizes the importance of good design in creating user-friendly systems that enhance usability, efficiency, and safety. The presentation delves into the goals of HCI, its interdisciplinary nature, and its significance in modern technology. Key topics include user interface design, cognitive aspects of interaction, and the benefits of well-designed systems, such as increased productivity, reduced errors, and user satisfaction. The video stresses that technology should adapt to users' needs, not the other way around.

Takeaways

• 💻 Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) studies how people interact with technology like phones, computers, and ATMs, focusing on good and poor design.
• 🖥️ Interaction design aims to create systems that support people in their daily and professional lives by prioritizing user experience.
• 🌍 HCI is multidisciplinary, drawing from cognitive science, engineering, psychology, and more to design usable systems.
• 🔄 The goal of HCI is to produce systems that are usable, safe, and efficient by understanding user needs and behaviors.
• 👨‍💻 Usability in HCI is key, focusing on making systems easy to learn, effective, efficient, and enjoyable to use.
• 📊 The benefits of good HCI include increased productivity, reduced training time, fewer errors, and greater customer satisfaction.
• 🧠 Human cognitive processes, such as thinking, memory, and decision-making, are central to designing effective interaction systems.
• 👥 HCI considers different user types: expert, occasional, and novice users, ensuring systems cater to various skill levels.
• 🎛️ Good system design ensures visibility (making controls easy to find) and affordance (intuitive understanding of how to use them).
• 🌟 The importance of HCI continues to grow, making products more user-friendly, improving safety, and enhancing user satisfaction.

Q & A

What is Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)?

HCI is the study and practice of usability, focusing on how people interact with computer systems to perform tasks. It aims to improve the design of computer technology and the interaction between users and systems.

What are the main goals of HCI?

The main goals of HCI are to create usable, safe, and functional systems. This involves understanding user needs and developing tools that enable efficient, effective, and safe interaction with technology.

Why is usability important in HCI?

Usability is crucial because it ensures that systems are easy to learn, remember, and use. Good usability increases productivity, reduces user errors, and decreases the need for ongoing technical support.

What are some examples of everyday systems impacted by HCI?

Examples include mobile phones, ATMs, remote controls, photocopiers, ticket machines, and web applications. HCI aims to make these systems more intuitive and easier to use.

What are the three types of users in HCI, and how are they different?

The three types are expert users (with deep knowledge of a system), occasional users (who use systems infrequently and know how to perform specific tasks), and novice users (who have no prior experience with a system).

What role do cognitive processes play in interaction design?

Cognitive processes such as thinking, remembering, learning, and decision-making are crucial in interaction design. Understanding these processes helps developers create more effective and efficient systems for users.

What is the significance of visibility and affordance in HCI design?

Visibility refers to how easily users can see and understand system controls, while affordance is about how users perceive what actions they can take with an object. Both are essential for creating intuitive user interfaces.

What is feedback in HCI, and why is it important?

Feedback is the system's response to a user's actions, making it clear that their input has been acknowledged and processed. It's important because it guides the user through their interaction with the system and confirms successful actions.

What is the relationship between HCI and software development?

HCI plays a crucial role in software development by ensuring that systems are designed with the user in mind. It involves prototyping, testing, and iterating to create user-friendly interfaces and improve the overall usability of the software.

How has HCI evolved as a multidisciplinary field?

Initially focused on computer science, HCI has grown to include various disciplines like cognitive science, psychology, and human factors engineering. This multidisciplinary approach has led to more holistic and user-centered system designs.

Outlines

00:00

👩‍💻 Introduction to Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)

This paragraph introduces the concept of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), discussing how we interact with everyday devices like cell phones, ATMs, and applications. It explains how good and poor designs affect user interaction and emphasizes the importance of usability in creating systems that are user-friendly. HCI is defined as a multidisciplinary field focusing on the interaction between humans and computers, aimed at designing systems that fit users' needs without them having to adjust to the system.

05:01

📊 Benefits of Usability in HCI

The focus here is on the importance of usability in system design. It explains the benefits for both users and developers, such as increased productivity, reduced training costs, fewer user errors, and more competitive products. Usability involves making systems easy to learn, remember, and use effectively and safely. This section also highlights the difference between user-friendly systems and the misconception that it only involves making interfaces visually appealing.

10:02

👤 Categories of Users in HCI

This section explores different types of users in HCI, such as expert users, occasional users, and novice users, each with varying levels of familiarity and expertise with a system. It explains the characteristics of each group and how their interactions with the system differ, emphasizing the need for developers to tailor systems to accommodate these varying user types.

15:03

🖥️ The Importance of User Interfaces

The paragraph discusses the significance of user interfaces (UI) in software and hardware systems. It describes how UIs are designed to facilitate human-computer interaction, making systems more responsive, easy to use, and consistent. The section also covers the consequences of poorly designed UIs, which can lead to user frustration, and the role of visibility, affordance, and feedback in effective interface design.

20:03

🔧 Prototyping and Iterative Development in HCI

This section introduces prototyping and iterative development in software design, which allows developers to test and refine user interfaces early in the development process. It also discusses the psychological and social aspects of computing systems, emphasizing how human behavior and user satisfaction are critical factors in developing effective user interfaces.

25:04

🏢 HCI in Social and Organizational Contexts

This paragraph explores the role of HCI in larger social and organizational structures. It highlights how computer systems are integrated into work environments and the need to balance technical, human, and social factors in system design. It also touches on the importance of tailoring systems to the specific needs of users in their work context to ensure efficient and effective interactions.

Keywords

💡Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)

Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) is the study and practice of usability, focusing on how people interact with computer systems to perform tasks. The video emphasizes that HCI is a multidisciplinary field involving the design of interactive systems to improve user experience, making computers more user-friendly and responsive to human needs.

💡Usability

Usability refers to how easy and efficient it is for users to interact with a system or product. In the video, usability is a core concept in HCI, highlighting how systems should be easy to learn, remember, and use, while minimizing errors and frustration. Usability plays a crucial role in making a product successful and enjoyable to use.

💡Interaction Design

Interaction design is concerned with designing interactive products to support people in their daily and working lives. The video explains that interaction design focuses on creating systems that align with users’ needs and behaviors, ensuring that technology integrates seamlessly into human activities.

💡Cognition

Cognition refers to the mental processes involved in thinking, remembering, learning, and decision-making. The video highlights the importance of understanding human cognitive processes in HCI to develop systems that match users’ psychological characteristics, improving the effectiveness and efficiency of their interactions with computers.

💡Feedback

Feedback in HCI refers to the system's response to user actions, ensuring that users know when they have successfully completed a task. The video emphasizes the need for clear and timely feedback, such as confirmation messages, to help users understand the outcomes of their interactions and avoid confusion.

💡User Interface

A user interface (UI) is the point where users interact with a system, which can be graphical, text-based, or audio-based. The video explains that a well-designed UI is crucial for providing an intuitive and seamless experience, making it easier for users to control and manipulate software or hardware systems.

💡Expert User

An expert user is someone with detailed knowledge of a particular system, able to use advanced features and perform tasks efficiently. The video discusses how expert users leverage their deep understanding of a system to accomplish goals, in contrast to novice or occasional users who may require more guidance.

💡Affordance

Affordance refers to the perceived functionality of an object or system, based on its design. The video explains that affordance helps users understand how to interact with a system by providing visual or tactile clues. For example, a button’s design should suggest its function, such as pressing to initiate an action.

💡Prototype

A prototype is an early sample or model of a product used to test concepts and gather feedback. In the context of HCI, the video describes prototyping as an essential step in iterative design, allowing developers to refine user interfaces and improve usability through early testing and revisions.

💡Multidisciplinary

Multidisciplinary refers to the involvement of multiple fields of study in the development of a system. The video highlights that HCI incorporates concepts from cognitive science, psychology, computer science, and human factors engineering to create systems that meet users' needs across different contexts and disciplines.

Highlights

Introduction to Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) and its role in everyday life.

Explanation of interaction design, focusing on designing interactive products for everyday use.

Definition of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) as the study and practice of usability in systems.

Overview of HCI as a multi-disciplinary field, initially stemming from computer science and expanding into cognitive science.

Key goals of HCI: to produce usable, safe, and functional systems for users.

Importance of understanding user needs, capabilities, and preferences when developing systems.

Explanation of usability: a system should be easy to learn, effective to use, and enjoyable.

Discussion of common everyday products that lack proper usability design.

Factors in user interaction design: cognitive, perceptual, and motor capabilities.

Cognitive aspects in interaction design: the importance of understanding how people think and learn.

Challenges of designing systems for different types of users: expert, occasional, and novice.

User interface development as a critical part of HCI, including the role of feedback and affordance.

Visibility and affordance: ensuring users understand what actions they can take within a system.

Role of HCI in making products more user-friendly and successful by minimizing the gap between human cognition and system design.

HCI's growing importance in the software development process, system design, and usability evaluation.

Transcripts

good day so welcome to our virtual class

week one

our top today is about

introduction to human computer

interaction

in everyday life or in every day we

interact with many things like cell

phone

tv remote easy remote keyboard mouse and

other devices like atm

web or mobile application which is part

of our life sometimes we take time to

understand the design and sometimes we

don't take time it to understand

so it's about poor and good design

interaction is the connection between

the user and the device or application

interaction design is concerned with

designing interactive products to

support people in their everyday and

working lives interaction design is a

big business

in every company

so what is a human computer interaction

hci is the study and the practice of

usability

hdi is the study of how people use

computer system to perform certain tasks

human computer interaction is a

multi-disciplinary field of study

focusing on the design of the computer

technology and in particular the

interaction between human

the user and the computer

while initially concerned with the

computers hci has since expanded to

cover almost all forms of information

technology design

human computer interaction is an area of

research and practice that emerged in

the early 1980s

initially as a specialty area in

computer science embracing cognitive

science and human factor engineering

hci has expanded rapidly and steadily

for three decades

attracting professionals from many other

disciplines and incorporating diverse

concepts and approaches

by considerable extent each cis now

aggregates a collection of

semi-autonomous field of research and

practice in human-centered informatics

however the continuing

synthesis

of display conception and approaches to

science and practice in hcis has

produced a dramatic example of how

different epistemologies and paradigms

can be concealed and integrated in a

vibrant and productive intellectual

project

again so what is human computer

interaction hci concerning

process which design evaluation and

implementation

process on interactive computing system

for human use

plus the study of major phenomena

surrounding them

so the goal of hci

are to produce usable

and safe system as well as functional

system in order

to produce a computer system with good

usability developer must attempt to

first understand the factors that

determine how people use technology

develop tools and techniques enable

building suitable system

achieve efficient and effective and safe

interaction

and put

people purse

so underlying the whole theme of hci is

the belief that people using computer

system should come first so their needs

capabilities and preference for

product uh conducting various styles

should direct developers in the way

that they design system

people should not have to change the way

that they use a system in order to fit

within it instead the system should be

designed to match their requirements

okay so the goal of hci ensuring

usability

a usable software system is that

supports the effective and efficient

completion of tasks in a given work

context by carton daton in 1985 so the

bottom line benefits a more usable

software system to business user include

first increase productivity

decrease user training time and costs

decrease

user errors

increase accuracy of data input data

interpretation decrease need for ongoing

technical support

so the bottom line benefits of usability

to develop organizations include greater

profits due to more competitive products

and services

decrease overall development and

maintenance costs

decrease the customer support costs

more power business due to satisfied

customer so not to use a term user

friendly which is tended to mean a

system with high usability but always

misinterpreted to mean tidying up the

screen display to make it more missing

okay so when we say usability okay it's

one of the key concept in hci

it is concerned with making the system

easy to learn and use

so a usable system is again

easy to learn

easy to remember how to use

effective to use

efficient to use

safe to use and enjoyable to use

so another question is why usability is

important

so many everyday system and products

seems to be designed with a little

regard to usability

this leads to persuasion we said times

an error

this contains example of interactive

products

mobile phone computer personal organizer

remote control sublink machine copy

machine atm ticket machine library

information system

uh photocopier okay

so

how many of these systems are actually

effortless and enjoyable to use okay

so the goal of hci to achieve usability

the design of the user interface to any

interactive product needs to take into

account and to be tailored around a

number of factors including first

cognitive perceptual and motor

capabilities and contains of people in

general

second spatial a unique characteristic

of the intended user population in

particular

unique characteristic of user physical

and social work environment

unique characteristic and requirements

of the user tasks which are being

supported by the software

unique capabilities and constraint of

the chosen software

and or hardware platform for the product

so nowadays human cognitive aspects have

become more and more important for

interaction design

cognition refers to what goes on in

human mind when they carry out everyday

activities so it involves sets of

cognitive processes such as thinking

remembering learning and decision making

through the study of this human

cognitive process the developer of

interaction system can be better at

understanding user

psychological characteristics during the

process of interacting with computer

system

it is crucial for the developer to

design high quality interaction system

which make the interaction between the

user and the system more effective and

efficiently

this presentation will uh

explain what cognition is and why it's

important for interaction design

but this may take a cognitive process

interaction example to explain how

cognition applied to the

inter

action design

a human computer interaction has

generally been seen as a discipline that

identifies principles and techniques for

designing and evaluating user interface

and human computer system

there are many reasons for difficult

difficulty in developing a strong

scientific basis for human computer

interaction users are people without

shaded in psychological characteristic

and

diversity diversity

however psychology as a discipline has

yet to describe fully the function and

the properties of human person let alone

the function and properties of people

interacting with the complex technology

this means that each application and

software interface represent an

experiment so we'll be able to spot an

obvious problem with an interface using

general principles such as stimulus

response

compatibility

so human computer interaction

okay so the h

the human

goods at sensing low level simulated

pattern recognition inductive reasoning

multiple strategies adapting hazard

advancing

so human

or the in computer interaction

again is the study of people interact

with the computer and to what extent

computers are not developed for

successful interaction with human being

let's name hc

of three parts against

the user the computer itself and the way

they work together

then we have the computer

okay so the

computer good accounting and measuring

accurate storage and recall rapid

increase consistent responsive data

processing calculation repetitive action

performance over time simple and sharply

defined things

when we talk about computer we're

referring to any technology ranging from

desktop computer to large scale computer

system

for example we were discussing the

design of a website then the website

itself would be reverse referred as the

computer so divide such as mobile phones

or b cr can also be considered to be a

computer

then the i that is skill somewhat

complementary that human do what human

do best and computer do what computer do

best

so by the user we may mean the

individual user group or user working

together and appreciation the way people

sensor system example site hearing and

touch relay information is a vital also

different user from different conception

or mental models about their interaction

and have different ways of learning and

keeping knowledge in addition cultural

and national differences play also apart

okay next we have the three broad

categories of a computer system

okay

so we have

okay so we have the

first the expert user

with detailed knowledge of the

particular system

so the expert user with the detailed

knowledge of the particular system so

expert user

are defined as individuals who reach uh

interaction knowledge past knowledge and

domain knowledge specific system and who

are skillful in obtaining and using such

knowledge to achieve goals or tasks in

an interaction

then we have the occasional users

who know well how to perform the tasks

they need to perform frequently

occasional user

okay so

this user will learn only enough about

the system to accomplish their immediate

needs or specific needs the occasional

user someone with a human service

organization would only need to use a

particular information system on

occasional rather than irregular disease

then we have the last one we have the

novice who are never used the system

before

okay so i know guys it's a broad sense

you know it's a person who is new or is

inexperienced in a certain task or

situation maybe sends a label embrace

the other levels like beginners or a new

user of the system

a novice user is not familiar

with the system operation

so teaching user interface development

to software

engineers gary verman on ohio university

there are not many specialists in user

interface development

so most software user interface are

designed and built by the software

engineers

software engineers who have been trained

in user interface development should

have gained perspective

learn about methods and tools and gain

an appreciation of their limits

so their perspective should include the

importance of the user interface

the impact of good

and bad user interface and the diversity

of user and application

so about methods and tools they should

know the trade-offs of design decision

involving different dialogue types and

input output device the information

resource

resources available for design the

benefit and cost of developing tools for

user interface implementation they need

to integrate training materials with the

user interface

the need to evaluate system usability

and information about some design and

evaluation tools

finally software engineers building user

interface must know the limits of their

knowledge when and how to work with

human partners engineers as a consultant

for design and evaluation

when and how to work with technical

writers for implementation of a system

of a user guidance when and how to work

a statistical consultant and the

difficulty of measuring measurement and

the complexity of making decision

decision-based data

user interface is the product

application view to which user interacts

in order to use the software

user can manipulate and control the

software as well as hardware by means of

user interface

today

user interface is found almost every

place where digital technology exists

right from the computers mobile phones

cars music players airplane ships and

more

so user interface is a part of software

and is designed such a way that is

expected to provide the user inside of

the software

a user interface or the ui

provides fundamental platform for human

computer interaction

so user interface can be a graphical

uh

it can be text based audio based

depending upon the underlying hardware

and software combination

so user interface can be hardware or

software or combination of both

okay so the software becomes more

popular in user interface it becomes

more attractive

simple to use

responsive in short time

and clear to understand

consistent at all interfacing screen

a bad

user interface design totally destroyed

the creativity behind the designers but

also deliver

delivers misunderstanding input to the

user

all of those altogether bring user a

sense of confusion for station and even

sometimes anger okay

again the the visibility and affordable

so visibility is what is seen

affordance is what operation and

manipulation can be done to a particular

project

so what is visible must have a good

mapping to their effect

and perceive a part of perceived

affordance what a person thinks can be

done to an object

again uh visibility

is the basic principle that

the more visible an element is the more

likely user will know about them and how

to use them

equally important in the opposite when

sometimes out of sight it's difficult to

know about the use as simple as this

principle it's simon struggle with

adopting it

and when we say accordance this is the

appearance of a specific control such as

function for example apply

okay when you see a floppy disk icon

so

this is uh this is just a save button

okay

so visibility the control is visible to

the user who they know it's available

okay and while accordance the image used

for the control

suggests its function

okay so visibility should be obvious

what a control used for

so for example if i press this button so

what will happen

if i want to unlock the door which

control should i use

a system with good visibility visibility

allows the user to easily translate

goals into

action

while affordance

it should be obvious how to control its

use okay so the system should provide a

strong clues to the operation of a thing

example a button upwards pushing a lever

uh upwards pulling so the user should

know how to operate or control just by

looking at it

okay

then

when you say feedback okay it should be

obvious when a controller has been used

so once the user has press a button okay

the system

should react in a manner that clearly

communicates what has just been

accomplished if nothing happened so this

part should be also obvious for example

when you say profile okay so there will

be a message that

your file is successfully seen

or you delete

so importance of hci hci will be

increasingly important in the following

areas

as a part of software development

process and system design methods

as a part of a future legal requirements

for software as a basis for a set of

usability criteria to evaluate and

choose from amongst competitive products

as the basis for successful marketing

strategy to the increasingly important

and important home and small business

user

hci is a very important because it will

be a fundamental to make product more

successful

safe useful and functional so in the

long run it will make more pleasurable

for the user

hence it's important to have someone

with hci focus skills involved in all

places of any product of a system

development

hci is also important to avoid product

or project going wrong or totally clear

so it's extremely important when

designing a clear inductive system which

be usable for people with a varied range

of abilities and expertise and who have

not completed any formal training

hci takes advantage of our everyday

knowledge of the world to make software

and devices more understandable and

usable for everyone for example using a

graphic of a miniature folder in a

computer interface helps the user

understand the power force of the folder

as everyone's experience with a real

paper called their day everyday life

so relationship of the hci to other

discipline

hci is a multidisciplinary field

so hci draws expertise from a number of

different areas of studies

only first we have prototyping

and

iterative development from a software

okay so a prototype is an early sample

model or release of a product build to

test a concept or process or to act as a

thing to be

applicated or learn from

it's a term used to a variety of

contexts including semantics design

electronics and software programming so

prototype is designed to test and try a

new design to enhance precision by a

system

analyst and a user

in prototyping it allows members of the

development team to clean confirm

whether the product interface can be

easily learned and use

so the goal for rapid prototyping

include conducting iterative testing and

revision in early product development

cycle so this approach allows user

testing to be integral part of a product

design

next we have a

software psychology and human factor

of computing system

okay so hci or the human computer

interaction study is a region of

intersection between psychology and the

social science

on the other hand the computer science

and technology and the other

hdi researchers analyze and design

specific user interface technologies for

example a pointing device so they study

and improve the process of the

technology development

so they develop and evaluate new

application of technology

throughout the past two decades the agi

has progressively integrated its

scientific concern with the engineering

goal of improving the usability of

computer system an application which has

resulted in a body of technical

knowledge and methodology

hcis continue to provide a challenging

test domain to applying developing

psychological and social jury in the

context of technology and development

and use

okay

next we have user interface of software

from computer graphics

an important part facet of hci is the

securing of user satisfaction or simply

end user computing satisfaction because

human computer interaction studies a

human and machine communication it grows

from supporting knowledge of both the

machine

and a human side

so poorly designed human machine

interface can lead to many honest

unexpected problems

the hci is very important because it

will be the fundamental to make a

product more successful

safe useful and

functional

so that's the model tourist and

framework from cognitive science

cognitive modeling is an area of

computer science that deal with

similarly simulating human problem

solving and mental processing in a

computerized model such a model can be

used to

simulate or predict human behavior or

performance and similar to other one's

models and improve human computer

interaction

uh human computer interaction is an

emerging branch of pupil computer

which is concerned with how people

interact with all the process

outwardly accessible information as a

worldwide web however it adapts

information centric approach rather than

computer setting approach to the field

of human computer interaction

like hci it's it's an application pill

that provides complex textbooks for

tourism of cognitive outrage

architecture

so it turns that shooters provide the

basis for cognitive engineering models

that can yield prediction about the

technology and

information design

okay so the topic in hci

is a user what or social organization

and what we have the youth or the user

to the application areas and the u3

which is the human machine pit

adaptation

okay

so computer exists uh with a larger

social organization

word menu

or the social organization work

so within this context there are

applications for which we wish to employ

computer system

which is the

application area

but the process of putting computer to

work means that the human technical and

work aspect of the application situation

must be brought into pit with each other

through human learning system

tailorability

or the other strategy

or the machine

human machine fit and adaptation

in addition to the use of social context

of computer on human side we must also

take into account the human information

processing

h1 the communication and the physical

and the characteristic of the user

on the computer side

a variety of technology has been

developed for supporting interaction

with human

input and output device connect the

human and the machine

so this use in the number of techniques

for organization dialogue

so these techniques are used in turns to

implement larger design elements such as

the metaport of the interface

so getting deeper into the machine

substrata supporting the dialogue the

dialogue

may make extensive use of computer

graphics techniques

complex dialogues lead into a

consideration of the system architecture

and necessary to support such feature

as interconnectable application program

we doing a real-time response network

communication multi-user and cooperative

interface and multi-tasking of a

dialogue objects

finally there is the process of

development which incomplete design

for human computer dialogue techniques

and tools for implementing the

techniques for evaluating them and the

number of classic design for the study

so again the question is what is human

computer interaction so the answer is

hci is the study and the practice of

usability

hci is the study of how people use

computer system to perform a certain

task

okay so this uh

hci is about the importance of human

computer

interaction

in the technology which increased

tremendously so the goal of hcis to

improve the interaction between the user

and the computer by making computer more

user friendly and receptive to the user

needs

hci is concerned with the methodologies

and processes for designing interface

and the methods of implementing

interfaces developing new interface and

interaction techniques a long-term goal

of hcis to design which minimize the

barrier between the human cognitive

models of what they want to accomplish

and the computer understanding of the

user tests okay so that's it for today

and thank you