1935: The commonwealth constitution and 1899: Malolos constitution

Summary

This video explores the Commonwealth Constitution of the Philippines in 1935, detailing its structure with a President, Vice President, and a bicameral legislature. It traces the country's journey from Spanish colonization, through the Treaty of Paris, to American rule. Key laws like the Philippine Organic Act of 1902 and the Jones Law of 1916 shaped the nation's governance. The 1935 Constitution, drafted by Claro M. Recto, aimed for independence and democracy, leading to the 1946 declaration of the Republic. The video also delves into the Malolos Constitution of 1899, the first attempt at self-governance, which established rights and separation of church and state but was never fully implemented due to the Philippine-American War.

Takeaways

• 🏛️ The Commonwealth constitution of 1935 established the framework for the government of the Philippines, outlining its structure and functions.
• 🌐 The Commonwealth consisted of a President, Vice President, Cabinet, Legislature, Judiciary, and Civil Service, reflecting a democratic republic model.
• 📜 The Treaty of Paris ended Spanish colonization but led to the Philippines becoming subject to US power, marking a shift from one colonial power to another.
• 📚 The Philippine Organic Act of 1902 and the Jones Law of 1916 were significant US laws that laid the groundwork for the Philippine government's structure and eventual autonomy.
• 🗳️ The 1935 constitution provided for a unicameral National Assembly and a President and Vice President elected for six-year terms without re-election.
• 🔄 The 1935 constitution was later amended in 1940 to establish a bicameral Congress, composed of a Senate and House of Representatives, to better represent the Filipino people.
• 📊 The right to vote was extended to Filipino citizens who were at least 21 years old, able to read and write, and later to women within two years after the constitution's adoption.
• 🗓️ The constitution was drafted, approved by the constitutional convention on February 8, 1935, and ratified by US President Franklin D. Roosevelt on March 25, 1935.
• 🎖️ Manuel L. Quezon was elected as the first president of the Commonwealth in September 1935, marking a milestone in Philippine political history.
• 🏝️ The Philippine Independence was declared on July 4, 1946, ending the period of the Commonwealth and establishing the Republic of the Philippines.

Q & A

What is the definition of a Commonwealth as mentioned in the transcript?

A Commonwealth is defined as an independent country or community, especially a democratic republic, which is used in the association of commonwealth of nations, and it consists of a President, Vice President, cabinet members, legislature, judiciary, and civil service.

What was the impact of the Treaty of Paris on the Philippines according to the transcript?

The Treaty of Paris ended Spanish colonization and led to the Philippines becoming subject to the power of the USA, effectively making the USA the new colonizer of the country.

What were the two acts of the United States Congress that had qualities of constitutionality in the Philippines?

The two acts were the Philippine Organic Act of 1902 by Henry Cooper and the Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916 by Jones Law.

How did the Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916, also known as Jones Law, change the structure of the Philippine government?

The Jones Law modified the structure of the Philippine government by removing the Philippine Commission and replacing it with a Senate, allowing for the first truly elected national legislative.

What was the significance of the Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act passed by the United States Congress in 1932?

The Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act promised the granting of Filipino Independence, but it was opposed by then Senate President Manuel L. Quezon and consequently rejected by the Philippine Senate.

What was the primary source of the 1935 Commonwealth Constitution of the Philippines?

The primary source of the 1935 Commonwealth Constitution was the preamble which stated that the Filipino people, imploring the aid of Divine providence, aimed to establish a government that would embody ideals, conserve and develop the nation's patrimony, promote general welfare, and secure the blessings of independence under a regime of justice, liberty, and democracy.

What were the key features of the 1935 Commonwealth Constitution of the Philippines?

The 1935 Commonwealth Constitution created a unicameral National Assembly with a President and Vice President elected for six years without re-election. It was later amended in 1940 to have a bicameral Congress composed of a Senate and House of Representatives.

Who was elected as the first President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines?

Manuel L. Quezon was elected as the first President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.

What is the Malolos Constitution and why is it significant?

The Malolos Constitution, also known as the Political Constitution of 1899, was the constitution of the first Philippine Republic. It was significant as it was the first attempt to establish a national government and define the rights and structure of the new republic.

Who were the main authors of the Malolos Constitution?

The main authors of the Malolos Constitution were Apolinario Mabini and Pedro Paterno, with Philip Calderon Roca and Philip Buencamino as alternative authors.

What were the key achievements of the Malolos Congress?

The key achievements of the Malolos Congress included the ratification of the declaration of Philippine Independence, the passage of a law allowing the Philippines to borrow money for government expenses, the establishment of the Universidad de Filipinas and other schools, drafting of the Philippine Constitution, and declaring war against the United States.

Outlines

00:00

🏛️ Commonwealth Constitution of 1935

The script discusses the Commonwealth constitution of the Philippines in 1935, explaining the concept of a Commonwealth as an independent, democratic republic. It highlights the structure of a Commonwealth, which includes a President, Vice President, cabinet members, legislature, judiciary, and Civil Service. The historical context is provided, mentioning the Treaty of Paris and the shift from Spanish to American colonization. Two key laws are discussed: the Philippine Organic Act of 1902 by Henry Cooper and the Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916 by Jones Law. The 1935 Commonwealth constitution aimed to establish a government that would promote the general welfare and secure independence for the Filipino people under a regime of justice, liberty, and democracy.

05:02

📜 The 1935 Philippine Commonwealth and Its Evolution

This section details the establishment of the Philippine Commonwealth in 1935, which initially provided for a unicameral National Assembly with a President and Vice President elected for six years without re-election. The constitution was later amended in 1940 to create a bicameral Congress composed of the Senate and House of Representatives. The rights of suffrage were given to Filipino citizens who were 21 years old or older, able to read and write, and this was later extended to women. The draft of the constitution was approved by the constitutional convention on February 8, 1935, and ratified by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt on March 25, 1935. Manuel L. Quezon was elected as the first president of the Commonwealth. The narrative concludes with the declaration of Philippine independence on July 4, 1946.

10:04

🏛️ The Malolos Constitution of 1899

The script provides an overview of the Malolos Constitution, formally known as the Political Constitution of 1899, which was the constitution of the first Philippine Republic. It was authored by Felipe Calderon Roca and Felipe Buencamino. The constitution was promulgated on January 21, 1899, following the Pact of Biak-na-Bato and the subsequent return of Emilio Aguinaldo to the Philippines with the support of the United States against Spain. The Malolos Congress convened on September 15, 1898, and achieved several milestones, including the ratification of the Philippine Declaration of Independence, the passage of laws for government financing, the establishment of educational institutions, and the drafting of the constitution. The constitution itself detailed the natural rights and civil liberties of Filipinos, the separation of church and state, and established a popular, representative, and responsible government with distinct legislative, executive, and judicial powers.

15:04

🛑 The Unenforced 1899 Malolos Constitution

The final paragraph discusses the enforcement of the 1899 Malolos Constitution, which was never implemented due to ongoing conflict. The Treaty of Paris, signed on December 10, 1899, transferred the sovereignty of the Philippines from Spain to the United States, effectively ending the short-lived First Philippine Republic. The narrative concludes with a reflection on the nature of government, suggesting that a government powerful enough to provide everything one desires is also powerful enough to take everything one has.

Keywords

💡Commonwealth

A Commonwealth refers to a political association of sovereign nations, typically a democratic republic. In the context of the video, it specifically discusses the establishment of the Commonwealth of the Philippines in 1935, which was a transitional period before full independence from the United States. The term is used to describe the political structure that included a President, Vice President, cabinet members, legislature, judiciary, and civil service.

💡Treaty of Paris

The Treaty of Paris is mentioned as the end of Spanish colonization, leading to the Philippines becoming subject to the power of the United States. This historical event is pivotal as it marks a shift in colonial control and sets the stage for the subsequent political developments discussed in the video, including the establishment of the Commonwealth.

💡Philippine Organic Act of 1902

This act, also known as the Jones Law, is highlighted as one of the foundational laws that shaped the governance of the Philippines under American rule. It provided for the creation of a popularly elected Philippine Assembly, marking a step towards self-governance and is an example of the gradual progression towards independence.

💡Bill of Rights

The Bill of Rights within the Philippine Organic Act of 1902 is emphasized for its importance in allowing Filipinos to express their opinions and not be imprisoned without due process. This concept is central to the video's theme of evolving governance and the protection of civil liberties.

💡Jones Law

Jones Law, or the Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916, is another key law discussed in the video. It modified the structure of the Philippine government, removing the Philippine Commission and replacing it with a Senate, thus allowing for a more democratic form of governance with a truly elected national legislative body.

💡Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act

The Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act of 1932 is mentioned as a significant step towards Philippine independence. The act promised independence to the Philippines but was opposed by then Senate President Manuel L. Quezon, illustrating the internal debates and political dynamics leading up to the establishment of the Commonwealth.

💡Tydings-McDuffie Act

The Tydings-McDuffie Act, passed in 1934, is noted for providing the authority for the Philippines to draft its own constitution. This act is a crucial part of the narrative as it led to the convening of the constitutional convention and the eventual drafting of the 1935 Commonwealth Constitution.

💡1935 Commonwealth Constitution

This constitution is a central focus of the video, detailing how it was created to establish a government that would promote the general welfare and secure independence for the Philippines. It outlines the structure of the government, including the roles of the President, Vice President, and the legislative and judicial branches.

💡Unicameral National Assembly

Initially, the 1935 Commonwealth Constitution provided for a unicameral National Assembly, meaning a single legislative chamber. This term is important as it reflects the initial structure of the Philippine government under the Commonwealth, which was later amended to a bicameral system in 1940.

💡Bicameral Congress

The amendment in 1940 to the Commonwealth Constitution led to the creation of a bicameral Congress, composed of a Senate and a House of Representatives. This change is significant as it represents a further development in the democratic process and governance of the Philippines.

💡Malolos Constitution

The Malolos Constitution of 1899 is discussed as the constitution of the first Philippine Republic. It was written by Filipino intellectuals and was promulgated during the period of the Philippine Revolution against Spain. This constitution is significant as it represents an early attempt at self-governance and the establishment of a national identity.

Highlights

Commonwealth is a term for an independent country or community, especially a democratic republic.

The Treaty of Paris ended Spanish colonization but led to the Philippines becoming subject to US power.

The Philippine Organic Act of 1902 and the Jones Law of 1916 were significant in shaping the Philippine government's structure.

The Philippine Organic Act of 1902 established a popularly elected Philippine Assembly.

The Jones Law of 1916 modified the government structure by removing the Philippine Commission and introducing a bicameral legislature.

The Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act of 1932 promised Filipino independence but was opposed by Senate President Manuel L. Quezon.

The Tydings-McDuffie Act in 1934 provided for the granting of independence to the Philippines.

The 1935 Commonwealth Constitution was drafted to establish a government that would promote the general welfare and secure independence.

The 1935 Constitution created a unicameral National Assembly with a President and Vice President elected for six-year terms.

The 1935 Constitution was amended in 1940 to establish a bicameral Congress composed of a Senate and House of Representatives.

Suffrage rights were extended to Filipino citizens who were at least 21 years old, able to read and write, and later to women as well.

The 1935 Constitution was approved by the Constitutional Convention on February 8, 1935, and ratified by US President Franklin D. Roosevelt on March 25, 1935.

Manuel L. Quezon was elected as the first President of the Commonwealth in September 1935.

The Philippines declared independence and became a republic on July 4, 1946.

The Malolos Constitution of 1899 was the constitution of the first Philippine Republic, written by Felipe Calderon Roca and Felipe Buencamino.

Emilio Aguinaldo, a local leader and revolutionary, played a significant role in the Philippine Revolution and the establishment of the Malolos Constitution.

The Pact of Biak-na-Bato in 1897 was a truce between the Spanish colonial government and the revolutionary leader Emilio Aguinaldo.

The Malolos Congress in 1898 was a significant step towards Philippine independence, with Aguinaldo assembling the Congress at Barasoain Church.

The Malolos Constitution included provisions for natural rights, popular sovereignty, freedom of religion, and separation of church and state.

The 1899 Malolos Constitution was never enforced due to the ongoing war and the signing of the Treaty of Paris, which transferred the Philippines to the United States.

Transcripts

Hello everyone our topic for today is

the Commonwealth constitution in

1935 So what is Commonwealth

Commonwealth is a independent country or

community especially a democratic

republic So it means ginagamit sa

asosasyon pang kapatiran ng ilang nasyon

soberanya so Commonwealth

consist President Vice President cabinet

members legislature judiciary and Civil

Service so let's proceed after the

Treaty of Paris the Philippine was

subject to the power of USA effectively

the new colonizer of country So it say

on this statement that Treaty of Paris

which is the ended of Spanish

colonization Is there a new colonizer

which is the

USA in the

philippines so let's proceed on two laws

which is the the Philippine organic Act

of 1902 by Henry Cooper and the

Philippine autonomy in

1916 by Jones

law next is the two Acts of United

States Congress that considered to have

qualities of

constitutionality first Philippine

organic Act of

1902 it provides for creation of

popularity elected Philippine

Assembly So it was the first organic law

so next is the act specified that

legislative power will vested as upper

house and Philippine Assembly as lower

house key provision include a Bill of

Rights Commission of Philippine

representative to United States House of

Representative So it says

that this Bill of Rights is may

kakayanan tayong mga Pilipino na

magpahayag ng

ating sariling opinyon at may

kapangyarihan tayo para hindi mabilanggo

dahil dito sa Bill of

Rights so let's proceed on second act

Philippine atony Act of

1916 refer as jon's law which modified

the structure of Philippine government

through removal of Philippine Commission

replacing it with the Senate voters

first truly elected National

legislative So sinasabi dito is

nagbibigay kapangyarihan sa Pinoy na

bumoto and then pinakamahalaga at

mataas simula pagtibayin ng saligang

batas na umabot ito ng 1916 at nagtapos

ng

1935 next is in

1932 the effort of Filipino Independence

mission led by sir osia and Manuel

rojas the United States Congress passed

the hair house cutting act with promise

of granting Filipino

Independence next is the bill was

opposed by then Senate President Manuel

L Quezon that consequently rejected by

philippin Senate then let's proceed in

1934 another law the tidings mdy also

known as Philippine Independence Act was

passed by United States Congress that

provide

authority So bago ito mapasa ang act na

ito is nagkaro binigyan ito ng authority

ng united stat

Congress next is the member of

convention were elected and held their

first meeting on 30 July 1934

with Claro M Recto anly elected as

President next is primary source

preamble of the 1935 Commonwealth the

Filipino people imploring the aid of

Divine providence in order to establish

government that shall embody ideals

conserve and develop patrimony of Nation

promote general welfare and Secure to

the

them

posterity fish the blessing of

Independence under regim of justice

Liberty and democracy do or then prom

this

constitution so let's proceed from 1935

to

1946 constitution created Commonwealth

of Philippine administrative body that

govern philippines so the created common

to govern the

Philippines it originally provide

unicameral National assembly with

President and Vice President elected six

years without the re elect so President

and vice president is meron silang 6

years of

terms so let's proceed it was amended in

1940 to have bicameral Congress composed

of Senate and House of

Representative so let's the rights of

suffrage were afforded to make Citizen

of Philippines who are 21 years age or

over able to read and write This was

Later on extended to women within 2

years after adaptation of

constitution so let's proceed the draft

of constitution was approved by

constitutional convention on 8 February

1935 and ratified by United States

president Franklin B rosevelt on March

25

1935 So it says that after Several

months of deliberation there was

approved on February 8

1935 at pinagtibay ni US President

Franklin rosevelt on March 25

1935

pinagtibay ang batas

Commonwealth so next is election held on

September

1935 at si Manuel Manuel El

Quezon is na-elect as president in

Commonwealth next

in July 4 1946 Philippine was declared

Independence Republic

That's all Thank you for

watching so good day everyone my name is

norel aml marandacan and my topic is all

about 1899 malal

constitution so First of all let me tell

you what is malala's

constitution so Actually the first title

of the document of the Malolos

constitution was the political

constitution of

1899 so the political constitution of

1899 informally known as the Malolos

constitution was the constitution of the

first Philippine Republic and it is

written by Philip calderon roca a

Filipino lawyer politician intellectual

known as the father of malolo

constitution or the main author of this

and also Philip Buencamino a Infamous

Filipino turncoat lawyer Diplomat and

politician as an alternative to to a

pair of proposal to the molos Congress

by Apolinario Mabini and Pedro

Paterno after aany Debate in the latter

part of

1898 it was promulgated on January 21

1899 that's why they call 1899 malalas

constitution so let's proceed during the

month of august the year of 1896 Emilio

Aguinaldo was the mayor of Cavite viejo

or Kawit Cavite so Si Emilio aginaldo ay

ipinanganak sa local na Elite ng Cavite

sa isang sa isla ng Luzon sa Pilipinas

at ang kanyang ama ay naging alkalde ng

kawit cavite or naging Mayor ito ng ng

kawit cavite at sa oras ng kanyang

kamatayan noong 1878 isang post na si

Aguinaldo mismo ang gaganapin noong

taong

1896 He was the local leader of

Katipunan so that the same year

Aguinaldo joined the secret nationalist

Brotherhood Katipunan founded by Andres

Bonifacio so the month of December 1897

sign an agreement called pact of Bak na

b with Spanish Governor

General so the pact of yak na bato

signed on December 14 1897 created a

truce between Spanish colonial Governor

General Fernando primo de Rivera the

Revolution and the revolutionary leader

Emilio Aguinaldo to to end the

Philippine Revolution Aguinaldo and his

fellow revolutionaries were given

amnesty and monetary indemnity by the

Spanish government in return For which

the revolutionary government would go

into exile in Hong Kong Aguinaldo had

decided to use the money to purchase

advance firearms and ammunition Later on

return the

archipelago He made agreements with

representatives of the American

consulates and of Commander George dewi

to return

philippin United

stes war against SP

noong una sa Hong Kong at pagkatapos ay

sa Singapore nakipag-ayos siya sa

kinatawan ng mga konsulado ng Amerika at

ni commodore georg wy na bumalik sa

Pilipinas upang tulungan ang Estados

Unidos sa digmaan laban sa

Espanya so next is history of the

Philippine revolutionary government the

Mol Congress jly 18 1898 Emilio aginaldo

issued a decree asking for the election

of

to the revolutionary Congress Days Later

another decree was being promulgated

which declared that Aguinaldo would

appoint representatives of the Congress

he appointed 50 delegates in all and

Aguinaldo assembled the revolutionary

Congress at barasan church in Malolos

Bulacan on September 15

1898 ang mem a binubuo ng m nahal ng

delegado

sa pamamagitan ng pagboto sa mga

pagtitipon ng probinsya at Hinirang ng

mga delegado na pinili ng Pangulo Upang

kumatawan sa mga rehiyon sa ilalim ng

hindi matatag na kondisyon ng militar at

sibilyan Binuksan ang rebolusyonaryong

Kongreso noong Setyembre 15 sa taong

1898 sa barasoian church sa Malolos

Bulacan at si Pangulong Emilio Aguinaldo

ang namuno sa pugad na senso ng

asemblea next is these are those the

important achievements of the Malolos

Congress in September 29 1898 ratified

the declaration of the Philippine

Independence held at Kawit Cavite in

June 12

1898 and second is the passage of law

that allowed the Philippine to borrow 20

milliones from the bank of the

government expenses and the third is

establishment of the Universidad

literature the filipinas and other

schools in the fourth is drafting of the

Philippines constitution and and last is

declaring the war against United States

on June 12

1899 the highlights of mal or political

constitution of 1899 pream We the

representatives of the Filipino people

lawfully convent in order to establish

justice provide for the common defense

promote the general w

and ur the benefits of the liberty

imploring the aid of the sovereign

legislator of the universe for the

attainment of this ends have voted

decreed and sanctioned the following

political

constitution so the first is the 27

articles of title number four detail the

natural rights and popular sity of

Filipinos the enumeration of which not

imply the prohibition of any other

rights not expressly state So this

articles entitle means that the state

shall maintain honesty and integrity in

the public service and take positive and

effective measures against graft and

corruption second is title number three

article number four also declares that

the state recognizes the freedom and

equality of all beliefs as well as

separation of church and state So

basically the state this States

recognizes the freedom and equality of

all religions as well as the separation

of church and state Kinikilala ng mga

estado ang kalayaan at

pagkakapantay-pantay ng lahat ng

Relihiyon gayundin ang paghihiwalay ng

simbahan na testado so The Third is the

three form government according to title

2 article number 4 is to be pop popular

representative alternative and

responsible And shall exer three

distinct powers namely legislative

executive and judicial so this means

that any two or more of these three

powers shall never be United in one

person or cooperation nor the

legislative power vested in one single

individual so for you to easy to

understand alin pa man sa dalawa o higit

pa sa tatlong kapangyarihang ito ay

hindi dapat magkaisa sa isang tao o

kooperasyon o ang kapangyarihang

pambatas na ipinagkaloob sa isang

individual at last the 1899 Malolos

constitution was never enforced due to

the ongoing war the Philippine was

effectively A territory of the United

States Upon The signing of the Treaty of

Paris between Spain and United States

transferring sity of Philippines on

December 10

1899 so in other terms or

logically a government a government is B

enough to give you Everything You Want

Is a government big enough to take from

you everything you have ang isang

gobyernong sapat na malaki upang ibigay

SAO ang lahat ng gusto mo ay isang

pamamahala pamahalaang sapat na malaki

upang kunin mulao ang lahat ng mayroon

ka