Memahami Cacar Monyet, Asal Usul hingga Cara Penularan [Metro Pagi Primetime]

METRO TV

27 Aug 202406:02

Summary

TLDRIn early August 2024, the WHO declared a global health emergency following a surge of cases related to a new strain of monkeypox (Empox) in the Democratic Republic of Congo, which spread internationally. Monkeypox, first identified in 1958, has symptoms including fever, muscle pain, and skin lesions. Although similar to COVID-19, monkeypox spreads through close, prolonged contact rather than airborne transmission. While vaccines are available, they are limited to specific groups due to high costs. Public health measures emphasize maintaining immunity and avoiding prolonged physical contact with infected individuals.

Takeaways

🦠 Empox (formerly known as monkeypox) is not a new virus; it was first identified in monkeys in Denmark in 1958.
🌍 The first human case of Empox was reported in the Democratic Republic of Congo in 1970, with outbreaks mainly in West and Central Africa.
🚨 WHO has declared Empox a global health emergency twice: in 2022 and again in 2024, as it has now spread to over 70 countries.
🤒 Common symptoms of Empox include headache, fever, muscle aches, skin rashes or lesions, swollen lymph nodes, and fatigue.
⚠️ Empox is often confused with COVID-19 due to some similar symptoms, but it is less contagious as it requires prolonged close contact.
🗣️ Empox spreads through respiratory droplets during close interaction, kissing, skin-to-skin contact, or contact with contaminated objects or animals.
💉 A vaccine for Empox is available but only for high-risk groups and healthcare workers due to its high cost and limited supply.
💰 The Empox vaccine costs around IDR 3.5 million per dose and is a modified version of the smallpox vaccine, which provides immunity against the virus.
👶 Empox can also be transmitted from an infected mother to her fetus during pregnancy.
🏠 Unlike COVID-19, there are no strict quarantine or border closure measures recommended for Empox, though avoiding prolonged physical contact with infected individuals is advised.

Q & A

What is Empox and how is it related to monkeypox?
-Empox, previously known as monkeypox, is a virus that has existed since 1958, when it was first detected in monkeys in Denmark. The first human case was reported in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1970.
Why did WHO declare a Global Health Emergency in August 2024?
-WHO declared a Global Health Emergency in August 2024 following a surge in Empox cases in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, which later spread internationally.
What are the common symptoms of Empox?
-The common symptoms of Empox include headache, fever and chills, muscle pain, rash and skin lesions, swollen lymph nodes, and fatigue.
How does Empox transmission differ from COVID-19?
-Unlike COVID-19, which is airborne and spreads quickly through droplets from breathing, talking, or sneezing, Empox spreads through prolonged close contact with an infected person. This includes contact via respiratory droplets, physical contact, or touching infected skin or mucous membranes.
What are the primary ways Empox is transmitted?
-Empox is transmitted through respiratory droplets, kissing or oral sex, skin contact, touching lesions or mucous membranes, contact with infected animals, and from a pregnant mother to her fetus.
Is there a vaccine available for Empox?
-Yes, a modified smallpox vaccine is available for Empox. However, it is only administered to specific high-risk groups, including healthcare workers, due to its limited availability and high cost, reaching up to Rp3.5 million per dose.
How effective is the smallpox vaccine against Empox?
-The modified smallpox vaccine is considered effective because Empox is caused by a virus in the same family as the variola virus, which causes smallpox.
Will people infected with Empox be quarantined or face border closures?
-It is unlikely that people infected with Empox will face quarantine, border closures, or mandatory vaccination. Health authorities do not recommend these measures despite the disease spreading to multiple countries.
What precautions should the public take against Empox?
-The public should focus on maintaining personal health and immunity, and avoid prolonged physical contact with individuals infected with Empox.
Why are vaccines for Empox not being administered to the general public?
-Due to the limited availability and high cost of the vaccine, it is currently prioritized for specific groups, such as healthcare workers, rather than the general public.

Outlines

00:00

🐒 Monkeypox: Global Health Emergency

The World Health Organization (WHO) declared monkeypox a global health emergency in early August 2024 following a significant rise in cases, particularly in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The disease, previously known as monkeypox, has been around since 1958 when it was first detected in monkeys in Denmark. The first human case was reported in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The WHO has declared monkeypox a global health emergency twice, first in 2022 and again in 2024. The disease has spread to over 70 countries. The script highlights six common symptoms of monkeypox, which include headache, fever, muscle aches, swollen lymph nodes, skin lesions, and fatigue. It emphasizes that while the symptoms are similar to other diseases, they should not be ignored and medical checks should be sought if experienced. The script also clarifies that monkeypox does not spread as quickly as COVID-19, which is airborne and can infect people through respiratory droplets from coughing, sneezing, speaking, singing, or even breathing in the vicinity of an infected person. In contrast, monkeypox spreads through very close contact or prolonged interaction with an infected person.

05:01

💉 Monkeypox Vaccination and Prevention

The script discusses the availability of vaccines for monkeypox, noting that while vaccines exist, they are not intended for the general public but are targeted at specific groups and healthcare workers due to limited supply and high cost, reaching up to 3.5 million Indonesian Rupiah per dose. The global vaccine used against monkeypox is a modified smallpox vaccine, as the monkeypox virus is related to the variola virus, which causes smallpox. This modified vaccine is believed to trigger immunity against the monkeypox virus. The script also addresses the question of whether individuals infected with monkeypox need to be quarantined like those with COVID-19. It states that, contrary to COVID-19 measures, there is no recommendation for border closures or mandatory vaccination for monkeypox patients. The focus should be on maintaining personal health and immunity and avoiding close physical contact with infected individuals. The script concludes by handing over to a colleague, Iqbal Himawan, for further discussion on new ways to obtain information and encourages viewers to download the Metro TV extend app.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Empox

Empox, previously known as monkeypox, is a viral disease that first appeared in 1958 in monkeys and was later reported in humans in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of Congo. In the video, the outbreak of Empox is discussed, highlighting its resurgence and declaration as a global health emergency by WHO in 2024.

💡Global Health Emergency

A Global Health Emergency refers to a public health crisis that poses significant risks to international populations, necessitating a coordinated response. WHO declared Empox a global health emergency in both 2022 and 2024 due to the rapid spread of cases beyond the Democratic Republic of Congo.

💡Symptoms

The video outlines six common symptoms of Empox: headache, fever, muscle pain, skin rashes or lesions, swollen lymph nodes, and fatigue. These symptoms, while similar to other illnesses, serve as warning signs for individuals to seek medical attention, emphasizing their importance in early detection and prevention.

💡Transmission

The transmission of Empox requires close, prolonged contact, unlike the more easily airborne transmission of COVID-19. The virus can spread through respiratory droplets, physical contact, sexual activity, and from mother to fetus during pregnancy. The video stresses the importance of understanding these modes of transmission to prevent further spread.

💡Comparison to COVID-19

Empox and COVID-19 are often compared due to some overlapping symptoms, such as fever and fatigue. However, the video emphasizes that COVID-19 is more contagious because it spreads through the air, whereas Empox requires closer and more prolonged interaction for transmission.

💡Vaccine

The video highlights that a modified smallpox vaccine is available for Empox, but it is not widely distributed due to its high cost and limited availability. The vaccine is prioritized for specific groups, including healthcare workers, rather than the general public, with each dose costing approximately Rp3.5 million.

💡Democratic Republic of Congo

The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is the country where the first human case of Empox was reported in 1970. The recent surge in cases originated in the DRC, which then led to the disease spreading internationally, prompting the WHO's global health emergency declaration.

💡Close contact

Close contact is the primary method of Empox transmission. The video explains that prolonged, intimate interaction, such as through respiratory droplets, kissing, or physical contact with infected skin or mucous membranes, increases the risk of catching the virus. This differs significantly from diseases like COVID-19, which can spread through casual encounters.

💡Smallpox virus

The smallpox virus is closely related to the Empox virus, as both belong to the same viral family, Variola. Due to this similarity, the smallpox vaccine has been adapted to combat Empox. This historical connection underscores why the smallpox vaccine is effective against this new outbreak.

💡Quarantine measures

The video clarifies that unlike COVID-19, quarantine or border closures are not recommended for Empox, even though it has spread to multiple countries. This is partly due to the nature of its transmission and the current strategy of targeted vaccination rather than large-scale restrictions.

Highlights

WHO declared a Global Health Emergency in early August 2024 due to a surge in cases related to a new strain of the Empox virus in the Democratic Republic of Congo, which then spread abroad.

Empox, previously known as monkeypox, is not a new virus. It was first detected in monkeys in Denmark in 1958, with the first human case reported in the Democratic Republic of Congo in 1970.

Monkeypox outbreaks have occurred in West and Central Africa, and WHO declared a Global Health Emergency for Empox twice—first in 2022 and again in 2024.

Empox has now spread to over 70 countries globally.

Six common symptoms of Empox (monkeypox) include headache, fever and chills, muscle pain, skin rashes and lesions, swollen lymph nodes, and fatigue.

While Empox symptoms can be similar to other illnesses, it is crucial to monitor for these six signs and seek medical attention if they appear.

Despite symptom similarities, Empox is not as highly contagious as COVID-19, which spreads much more rapidly through airborne transmission.

COVID-19 can spread via small respiratory droplets from talking, coughing, sneezing, or breathing, while Empox requires prolonged close contact with an infected person.

Empox transmission can occur through respiratory secretions, kissing, oral sex, skin contact, contact with wounds, or through infected animals.

Empox can also be transmitted from an infected pregnant mother to her unborn child.

A vaccine for Empox is available, but it is not for general public use; it is reserved for high-risk groups and healthcare workers due to its limited supply and high cost (approximately 3.5 million IDR per dose).

The Empox vaccine is a modified version of the smallpox vaccine, as monkeypox belongs to the same family of viruses.

There is no current recommendation for quarantine, border closures, or mandatory vaccination for monkeypox cases, unlike the response to COVID-19.

The focus for the public is on maintaining good health, strengthening immunity, and avoiding prolonged physical contact with infected individuals.

Public health authorities emphasize that while monkeypox is spreading, drastic measures like border closures or mandatory vaccinations are not necessary at this time.