APUSH Period 3: Ultimate Guide to Period 3 APUSH
Summary
TLDRThis APUSH video covers the period from 1754 to 1800, focusing on England's attempts to reassert control over the colonies post-French and Indian War, leading to the American Revolution and the formation of a new nation. It discusses the colonies' reactions, including the Stamp Act Congress and the Continental Congress, and the eventual creation of a new government based on Enlightenment principles. The video also touches on the social, political, and economic disagreements within the young United States, the impact on various groups like Native Americans and African-Americans, and concludes with the election of 1800 and the peaceful transfer of power.
Takeaways
- 🏰 The period from 1754 to 1800 marks a significant shift in England's approach to the American colonies, moving from a period of 'salutary neglect' to increased control post-French and Indian War.
- 🏛️ The British implemented various acts such as the Navigation Acts, the Proclamation of 1763, the Sugar Act, the Stamp Act, the Quartering Act, the Townshend Acts, and the Intolerable Acts to exert more control over the colonies.
- 🗣️ In response to British policies, the colonies formed groups like the Sons of Liberty, held the Stamp Act Congress, and established the Committee of Correspondence to coordinate resistance.
- 📜 The American Revolution was a gradual process, influenced by Enlightenment thinkers like John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and was not an immediate reaction but a build-up of tensions.
- 🏆 The colonies' victory in the American Revolution was aided by factors like home field advantage, French support post-Battle of Saratoga, and strong leadership including George Washington.
- 🏞️ The creation of the United States led to the establishment of new government structures based on Enlightenment principles, emphasizing natural rights, consent of the governed, and restrictions on government power.
- 🌐 The American Revolution had international repercussions, influencing the French Revolution and subsequent revolutions in Latin America and Haiti.
- 🏦 After the Revolution, the United States faced economic challenges and political disagreements, leading to the development of political parties like the Federalists and Democratic Republicans, with differing views on the role of the federal government.
- ✍️ The Constitution was ratified after a contentious debate between Federalists and Anti-Federalists, with the promise of a Bill of Rights to address concerns about government overreach.
- 🌟 The election of 1800, often referred to as the 'Revolution of 1800,' marked the first peaceful transfer of power between opposing political parties in the United States.
Q & A
Why does Period 3 of APUSH begin with 1754?
-Period 3 begins with 1754 because it marks the start of the French and Indian War, which led to England attempting to reassert control over the colonies.
What was the significance of the Proclamation of 1763 in relation to the colonies?
-The Proclamation of 1763 was significant because it was an attempt by England to prevent the colonies from expanding westward into the frontier, which could lead to conflicts with Native Americans.
How did the colonies respond to England's increased control after the French and Indian War?
-The colonies responded with various forms of resistance, including the Stamp Act Congress, the Sons of Liberty, and the formation of the Continental Congress.
What was the role of Enlightenment ideas in the American Revolution?
-Enlightenment ideas, such as those from John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, influenced the colonial elites and contributed to the growing desire for independence and the development of new government structures based on principles like natural rights and consent of the governed.
What was the impact of Thomas Paine's 'Common Sense' on the American Revolution?
-Thomas Paine's 'Common Sense' was influential in swaying public opinion in favor of independence, providing a clear argument for why the colonies should break away from England.
How did the Treaty of Paris in 1783 affect Native Americans?
-The Treaty of Paris did not protect Native Americans; instead, it expanded the United States' boundaries to the Mississippi River without consulting the native populations living in those areas.
What were the key differences between the Federalists and the Democratic Republicans during the period of the new nation's formation?
-The Federalists favored a strong central government, while the Democratic Republicans preferred a weak central government. The Federalists supported manufacturing and a loose interpretation of the Constitution, whereas the Democratic Republicans favored agriculture and a strict interpretation of the Constitution.
What was the significance of the election of 1800 in American history?
-The election of 1800 was significant because it marked the first peaceful transfer of power between political parties in the United States, with Thomas Jefferson, a Democratic Republican, becoming president.
How did the Articles of Confederation influence the creation of the Constitution?
-The Articles of Confederation, which established a weak federal government, influenced the creation of the Constitution by highlighting the need for a stronger central government with more defined powers and a system of checks and balances.
What were the main factors that led to the American Revolution being a slow process?
-The American Revolution was a slow process due to factors such as the colonies' long-standing relationship with England, the influence of Enlightenment ideas, the gradual organization of resistance movements, and the need for a collective decision among the colonies to declare independence.
Outlines
🏛️ Colonial Struggles and the Birth of America
This paragraph covers the period from 1754 to 1800, focusing on England's attempts to reassert control over the colonies post-French and Indian War, leading to the colonies' resistance, eventual declaration of independence, and the formation of a new nation, America. Key events include the end of Britain's 'salutory neglect,' the introduction of various acts like the Sugar Act, Stamp Act, and the Townshend Acts, and the colonial responses such as the Stamp Act Congress, the Sons of Liberty, and the Continental Congress. The paragraph also highlights the slow progression towards the American Revolution, influenced by Enlightenment thinkers and the eventual victory in the war, aided by factors like home-field advantage, French support post-Battle of Saratoga, and strong leadership including George Washington.
🗽 The Founding Principles and Aftermath of the American Revolution
The second paragraph delves into the principles that shaped the post-revolutionary American government, emphasizing Enlightenment ideals such as natural rights and the consent of the governed. It discusses the creation of new government structures with severe restrictions on government power, reflecting fears of centralized authority. The social and political impacts of the revolution are explored, including the limited but significant changes in voting rights, the international influence on subsequent revolutions, and the development of concepts like Republican Motherhood for women. For African-Americans, the revolution led to gradual emancipation in some states due to economic non-viability rather than moral reasons, while the Constitution's stance on slavery varied by region. Native Americans faced increased challenges and displacement as the new nation expanded westward.
🏦 Economic Policies and the Emergence of Political Parties
This section discusses the economic and political disagreements within the young United States, particularly focusing on Alexander Hamilton's financial program and the creation of a central bank, which were contentious and reflected the growing divide between Federalists and Democratic Republicans. It outlines the key constitutional issues, including the Great Compromise (also known as the Connecticut Compromise) and the Three-Fifths Compromise, which addressed representation and the counting of slaves for taxation and representation purposes. The paragraph also covers the ratification of the Constitution, the debate between Federalists and Anti-Federalists, and the eventual agreement to include a Bill of Rights. Additionally, it touches on the challenges faced by the government under the Articles of Confederation, such as Shay's Rebellion, and contrasts it with the more effective response to the Whiskey Rebellion under the new Constitution.
🌎 Foreign Relations and Native American Resistance
The final paragraph addresses the complex foreign relations and Native American affairs during this period. It covers the challenges with England and Spain, including issues like the presence of British forts on American soil, the Treaty of Paris, and the Jay Treaty. The paragraph also discusses the French Revolution's impact on American foreign policy, leading to Washington's Proclamation of Neutrality and the Quasi-War with France. Additionally, it highlights the various ways Native Americans responded to European and American settlements, including alliances during the French and Indian War, Pontiac's Rebellion, and the formation of the Western Confederacy. The paragraph concludes with a look at westward expansion, the Northwest Ordinances, and the ongoing struggle with slavery and regional identities that would shape future American history.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡French and Indian War
💡Enlightenment ideas
💡Committee of Correspondents
💡Sons of Liberty
💡Continental Congress
💡Thomas Paine's Common Sense
💡Articles of Confederation
💡Constitutional Compromises
💡Federalist Papers
💡Shay's Rebellion
💡Native American resistance
Highlights
Period three of APUSH covers the years 1754 to 1800, focusing on England's attempt to reassert control over the colonies post-French and Indian War.
Colonies react to England's control attempts, leading to a series of debates and eventually declaring independence.
Disagreements over the social, political, and economic identity of the young United States emerge during this period.
England ends the period of solitary neglect post-Seven Years War in 1763 due to massive debt.
England enforces policies like the Navigation Acts and the Proclamation of 1763 to control the colonies.
Colonies respond with organized resistance, including the Stamp Act Congress and the formation of the Sons of Liberty.
The American Revolution is a slow process, influenced by Enlightenment ideas and key figures like John Hancock.
The Declaration of Independence and Thomas Paine's 'Common Sense' play crucial roles in the colonies' move towards independence.
The American Revolution sees the creation of new government structures based on Enlightenment principles.
The social and political impacts of the American Revolution include changes in voting rights and the influence of women and African-Americans.
The Articles of Confederation create a weak national government, leading to the eventual drafting of the Constitution.
The Constitutional Convention addresses issues like representation and federal power, leading to compromises like the Great Compromise and the Three-Fifths Compromise.
The Constitution expands federal power compared to the Articles of Confederation, despite maintaining restrictions.
The Federalist and Anti-Federalist debates precede the ratification of the Constitution and the addition of the Bill of Rights.
Disagreements over the nation's identity lead to the rise of political parties and influence on policies like Hamilton's Financial Program.
Foreign policy disagreements include the French Revolution's impact on America and the handling of international incidents like the XYZ Affair.
Native Americans' experiences during this period include alliances during wars, resistance to settlers, and treaties affecting their lands.
The expansion of the United States is marked by the Northwest Ordinances and the continuation of slavery in the South.
Period three concludes with the election of 1800, marking the first peaceful transfer of power between political parties.
Transcripts
what's going down APUSH today we're
going to take a look at period three
from 1754 to 1800 we're going to knock
this out real quick it's going to be a
real surface kind of overview make sure
you study but this will kind of get you
on the right track first thing to keep
in mind some big ideas for you one
England is going to attempt to reassert
control over the colonies following the
French and Indian War which begins in
1754 which is why period 3 starts with
1754 we're going to take a look at that
in a moment the colonies are going to
react to this attempt to control them
they're eventually after a lot of debate
going to declare their independence and
then after a lot of fighting they're
going to become a new nation
America third point is there are going
to be disagreements over the social
political and economic identity of the
young United States so we're going to
take a look at each one of these really
Qui quickly starting with the first
important Point England is going to
attempt to put the colonies in check
following a long period of solitary
neglect rewind for a second
1754 prior to that you have the French
and the greens New Spain and the kind of
purplish color and the 13 colonies had
all been established and prior to
1763 they're going to be accustomed to
solitary neglect meaning the British are
going to largely leave them alone and
not because they're not interested in
the colonies but they're involved in
internal problems and and foreign
problems and 1763 marks a turning point
in their relationship where basically
the French and Indian War the Seven
Years War comes to an end and England is
going to kind of end that period of
solitary neglect that period of reduced
intervention in colonial Affairs now the
reason why they're going to end it in
1763 after the seven years war is
because England emerges from the war
with massive debt they're broke having
defended the colonies who went into the
Ohio Valley and sparked this big old war
in North America with their French
Rivals now what's going to happen is
1763 solitary neglect comes to an end
and they're going to initiate all sorts
of policies one they're going to enforce
some of those old Merkle laws such as
the Navigation Act they're going to put
the Proclamation of
1763 in place to keep the colonies from
going into the frontier out west where
they'll come into contact with Native
Americans remember pontiac's Rebellion
they're going to have a bunch of taxes
such as the sugar and the Stamp Act
they're going to require that the
colonist allow British soldiers to enter
into their homes because the British are
feeling hey we're defending you and so
you get the Quartering Act you get the
Townson acts the te act the Intolerable
Acts and the Quebec Act you can take a
look at all of those but they all kind
of show in England trying to enforce
economic political restrictions and
control on the colonies now of course
the colonies are going to respond in a
variety of ways and you have things like
the stamp at Congress where the colonies
are meeting and organizing and really
trying to figure out how to proceed you
have the committee of correspondents
where they're starting to communicate
with one another groups such as the Sons
of Liberty and eventually the
Continental Congress which forms prior
to the battles of Lexington and
conquered and comes back in forms again
with the Second Continental Congress so
make sure you understand the kind of
cause and effect between the British
policies and the colonies reactions
during this period now some stuff that
you need to keep in mind is this is a
slow movement to the American Revolution
these colonies are not rapidly you know
wrapping themselves up in American flags
and saying we're America let's do this
um and there's a couple of factors in
this kind of point that you need to keep
in mind
they're being inspired by Enlightenment
Enlightenment ideas that are coming over
from Europe um people like lock and
rouso the colonial Elites are going to
especially during the stamp at crisis
organize people people like John Hancock
and others with wealth and then you get
the role of the kind of the Grassroots
movements the ordinary colonists calling
for Independence and it's a slow process
because this is a big deal they're used
to
England now when they eventually do
declare Independence you know you get
the influence of Thomas Payne's common
sense and Jefferson's Declaration of
Independence they're going to have some
reasons why they eventually win one the
colonies have home field advantage they
know the land England has to supply
their stuff from long distances
eventually the French following the
Battle of Saratoga are going to help us
out and we got some pretty awesome
leaders like George Washington and
others finally during the American
Revolution we are going to be creating
new government structures and they're
going to be based upon Enlightenment
principles things like natural rights
the consent of the Govern restrictions
on government uh Power and they're going
to be also really influenced by the fear
of replacing the strong British power
centralized power in the Monarch in the
Parliament and so they're going to put
severe restrictions on government so
make sure you know that now some social
and poltical political impacts of the
American Revolution one it's not a very
radical revolution because the colonial
Elite are going to be the people who are
still in charge when the whole thing
said and done this is not going to lead
to some radical transformation of wealth
it is not a radical revolution but some
states are going to eliminate property
requirements for voting so new people
are going to be engaged in the political
process these people are are going to be
though white
men um it's going to have some
International consequences the French
Revolution will happen in 1789
revolutions throughout Latin America
will take place throughout the 19th
century and in the early 1800s Haiti
will experience their Revolution all of
these revolutions are going to be
influenced by what happened during the
American Revolution women are going to
have some impacts during this period uh
you have this idea of Republican
Motherhood this idea that women are
meant to raise good citizens that they
will be
civic-minded uh and they will be
involved in the new Republic's Affairs
and we're talking the young boys here
Abigail Adams for instance during the
American Revolution reminded her husband
John remember the ladies um and
unfortunately for women they are going
to suffer a lack of political rights uh
in the political process throughout much
of this period post American Revolution
for African-Americans there is going to
be gradual emancipation especially in
the north um northern and middle States
are going to slowly end uh slavery not
because they're nicer up there but just
because it wasn't economically uh viable
for instance you have the Pennsylvania
gradual emancipation law however as
slavery is being kind of slowly
abolished in some parts of the country
in other parts the South and into the
West slavery is going to be protected
under the new Constitution and many
people consider the Constitution a
pro-slavery document and then finally
for NATO Native Americans life is going
to get rough because under the Treaty of
Paris in 1783 there are no protections
from them no one consults them we'll
look at what happens with Native people
in a moment some other things to keep in
mind as the nation is fighting the
American Revolution and eventually
winning it they're going to create new
government structures and I've kind of
mentioned this but the enlightenment
plays a huge role people like lock and
this idea of the consent of the Govern
natural inalienable rights rouso
Jefferson's going to be influenced by
these ideas and of course the profound
impact of Thomas Payne's common sense in
January of 1776 it's going to have a
huge impact on the mind of the colonial
people um key thing that happens is
you're going to have the creation of a
weak national government uh this is
under the Articles of Confederation make
sure you know the challenges and
successes of the articles there are more
challenges than there are successes and
finally the article R of Confederation
will eventually be replaced by the
Constitution and it's important that you
know the compromises that were needed to
create and eventually ratify the
Constitution speaking of those there
were some constitutional issues most of
them dealt with
representation at first you had the
Virginia plan which was the large state
plan the more people you have the more
reps you would get and obviously
Virginia the most populated state loved
that plan there was also the New Jersey
Plan or also not as the small states
plan basically everyone would have equal
representation which is what the
Articles of Confederation had um and
eventually after a lot of debate the
Great Compromise was agreed upon also
called the Connecticut Compromise where
we have a bamal legislator the house of
reps based upon population the Senate
everyone gets equal reps which is two
the 35ths compromise is important make
sure you know about that and it deals
with southerners wanted their wanting
their slaves to be counted for
representation purposes so for every
five slaves three would be counted in
terms of representation and this gives
Southerners a huge amount of power uh as
a result so the Three-Fifths Compromise
is important and know that the
constitution was created with severe
limits on federal power you had
separation in Powers you know the
legislative the executive and the
judicial they have different Power
there's checks and balances it's a
federalist system you have a federal
government and a state government
sharing power so you have federalism and
it's all based upon this idea of
republicanism representative government
so those are some of the Constitutional
issues you should be aware of and keep
in mind the Articles of Confederation
had this as their framework for
government it was a very weak federal
government and then in 1789 the
Constitution comes along and it does
expand
dramatically even though there are
restrictions on the power of the federal
government even under the Constitution
it expands that power of the federal
government a great deal adds a president
two house legislator the power of to tax
and regulate trade it gives a court you
only need three fourths to make an
amendment um and so these are some of
the changes key thing how or why was the
constitution ratified not everyone
agreed with it when they were all done
at the Constitutional Convention
you had the Federalist who were saying
yep let's do this you had the Federalist
Papers a series of essays that talked
about the Constitution and why it was
needed why it should be ratified but on
the other side you had the anti-
Federalists and these were people who
felt that this new government was too
powerful and should not be ratified and
of course there was a big debate but
eventually the Anti-Federalist agree
will ratify if you promise to include a
Bill of Rights in that does get added to
the Constitution some other things to
keep keep in mind Shay's Rebellion is
always an important thing Shay's re
Rebellion happens during the Articles of
Confederation the government under the
articles is too weak to really put it
down it has to be put down by a private
militia to contrast that with Whiskey
Rebellion in which under the Articles of
Confederation the Rebellion over taxes
in Western Pennsylvania is crushed by a
very powerful federal government under
the con Constitution so it's always good
to know the kind of differences and
similarities between these two
rebellions in the back country of
Massachusetts and
Pennsylvania important Point
disagreements are going to develop over
the new nation's political economic and
social identity people are not going to
agree what this Young Nation should look
like and really the domestic
disagreements revolve around the
secretary of the treasury's find
Financial program Alexander Hamilton and
you have the Assumption plan where the
federal government is going to be taking
the state debt the excise taxes the high
tariffs and the big one the bank the
bank is going to create all sorts of
issues and constitutionally there is
disagreements about whether or not the
government can do it or not Hamilton is
doing these programs because he favors a
strong central government he is a
Federalist he favors developing the
nation economy in particularly
manufacturing and they believe in a
loose interpretation of the Constitution
on the other side is Jefferson and his
homeboys the Democratic Republicans who
are going to reject Hamilton's plan
they're going to accept some things
after compromise but they favor a weak
central government they are going to
favor Agriculture and they believe in a
strict interpretation of the
Constitution meaning only if it's in
there can the government do it so these
disagreements reveal the growth of
political parties in fact Federal versus
state government can best be seen in the
alien in Sedition Acts which is passed
during the administration of John Adams
by a federalist controlled Congress and
these basically especially the Sedition
Acts create all sorts of controversy you
have the Virginia and Kentucky
Resolutions written by Thomas Jefferson
and James Madison and basically in that
they say they the states of Kentucky and
Virginia have the right of nullification
they the states can ignore a federal law
in this case the Sedition Acts if they
feel it's
unconstitutional and this battle between
federal and state will continue
throughout American history some foreign
disagreements to keep in mind for period
three you're going to have the French
Revolution in
1789 France goes to war with Europe
there's all sorts of concerns in America
about whether or not we should support
this French Revolution
and Washington decides the Young Nation
should stay the heck out of Europeans uh
war and he issues the proclamation of
neutrality you have citizen Jan who
comes over to the United States and
tries to challenge that neutrality he is
eventually kind of scold it you have the
XYZ Affair under John Adams where we try
to negotiate and this leads to a
international incident and then the
Quasi War happens where you have a war
between the United States and France and
impressment taking place and eventually
the convention of 1800 ending the
franco-american alliance that had been
around since
1778 you also have drama with England
the Treaty of Paris which ended the
American Revolution did not end our
problem with them they had forts on
American soil they were giving guns to
Native Americans there was impressment
of American Sailors and ships and all of
this kind of eventually tries to get
resolved by Jay's Treaty but it doesn't
really work and you have a lot of anger
especially amongst Democratic
Republicans over Jay's Treaty you have
drama with Spain they had closed off the
Mississippi River under the Articles of
Confederation they had actually
questioned the boundaries between the US
and Florida and eventually some of that
gets solved with pikney treaty and make
sure you know about Washington's
farewell address where he says stay the
heck out of permanent alliances and
political parties suck these kind of
issues not only are they challenges for
the young Nations but they cause further
divisions between the Democratic
Republicans who tended to favor France
and the Federalists who tended to favor
England of course this period three ends
with 1800 which is a significant year in
American history because it is the
election of 1800 the Democratic rep
Republican party wins Thomas Jefferson
becomes president and it is significant
and sometimes referred to as the
revolution of 18 1900 because it is the
first peaceful transfer of power between
political
parties now something we left off but
really important throughout all this
stuff something that was not peaceful
unfortunately is Native Americans are
going to play a key role and they are
going to respond to European and
American settlements in a variety of
ways for instance during the French and
Indian War largely the native people are
going to join the French and largely be
on the side of the French the English
and the colonies are going to try under
the Albany Plan to get the ARA to
support them ultimately they will but
the French are going to be defeated
causing all sorts of problems in fact
following the French defeat they've lost
an important Ally in North America you
have pontiac's Rebellion where Pontiac
and other natives start rebelling uh
trying to keep out settlers from their
land which leads to the British passing
the PO Proclamation of 1763
during the American Revolution many
Native people sided with the British
once again hoping to keep the colonist
out of their land ultimately that
decision backfires because at the Treaty
of Paris the United States boundaries
are from the Atlantic to the Mississippi
River no one asked the native people
living in those areas are they cool with
that um during this period of time you
also have in 1783 1785 a man by the name
of Chief little turtle forming the
Western Confederacy and he is going to
lead resistance in the old Northwest
against American
expansion uh and of course unfortunately
the Battle of Fallen Timbers the native
resistance in the old west west is going
to be crushed and the Treaty of
Grenville is going to Mark the end of
native resistance in that region and
meanwhile over on the big old west coast
Spanish missionaries are creeping up the
coast of California forming these
missions converting the native people to
Catholicism so native history is an
important component of period 3 a push
finally we're almost done keep in mind
during this time we have the expansion
of the United States eventually remember
the Northwest ordinances those things
that were really successful under the
Articles of Confederation the United
States is expanding its territory and
they ban slavery and they allow public
education in those regions however
slavery even though it ends in the North
and the middle States following the
American Revolution slowly it is going
to continue to expand it's going to be
protected under the Constitution the
slave trade is going to continue for
another 20 years and slavery is going to
continue to be a fact of life throughout
the South and as they move west and of
course as the nation grows just as the
colonies were different because of
unique Geographic environmental factors
the regional ident I ities are going to
continue and they're going to be
strengthened between the northern states
the southern states and the western
states and we're going to see this play
out in a push period four and five woo
we finished finally a push period three
that's a quick rundown make sure you
read your book check out my other videos
subscribe to the channel if you haven't
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importantly always stand up for what you
believe you never know you may end up in
a school textbook one day like my crazy
self peace
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