Science, Technology, and Society 9 - Technology as a Way of Revealing
Summary
TLDRThis video explores Martin Heidegger's philosophical view of technology as a mode of revealing, contrasting it with the instrumental and anthropological definitions. It discusses how technology is a means to disclose truth, akin to the Greek concept of 'aletheia', but modern technology challenges nature rather than bringing forth. Heidegger's concept of 'enframing' is highlighted, where humans control nature for security, potentially leading to misinterpretation. The video concludes by suggesting art as a saving power against the dangers of technology, encouraging meditative thinking over calculative.
Takeaways
- 🔧 Technology serves as both an instrumental means to an end and a human activity, reflecting its dual nature in society.
- 🌟 Martin Heidegger's philosophy views technology as a mode of revealing, or a way of bringing forth truth, rather than merely a tool or activity.
- 📚 The concept of 'bringing forth' is rooted in the ancient Greek philosophical concept of 'poeisis', which signifies the act of disclosing something from concealment.
- 🔑 'Aletheia', an ancient Greek term, is central to understanding Heidegger's view of technology as it represents the disclosure or truth of something that is revealed.
- 🛠️ Modern technology, according to Heidegger, challenges nature by extracting and transforming it, which contrasts with the idea of 'bringing forth'.
- 🌱 Heidegger argues that modern technology reduces objects to 'standing reserve', treating them as resources to be exploited, which raises ecological concerns.
- 💡 The 'enframing' concept by Heidegger describes the way modern technology orders and manipulates nature, reflecting a calculative approach to understanding and controlling it.
- 🧠 Calculative thinking is contrasted with meditative thinking, where the latter allows nature to reveal itself without human imposition, promoting a more harmonious relationship with technology.
- ⚠️ The dangers of technology include the risk of humans becoming mere instruments or part of the 'standing reserve', losing their essence as human beings.
- 🎨 Art is proposed as a saving power that can counteract the challenges of technology by inspiring meditative thinking and a deeper, non-exploitative relationship with nature.
Q & A
What are the two types of definitions for the essence of technology discussed in the script?
-The two types of definitions for the essence of technology are the instrumental definition, which views technology as a means to an end, and the anthropological definition, which sees technology as a human activity.
How does Martin Heidegger's view on technology differ from the instrumental and anthropological definitions?
-Martin Heidegger views technology as a way of revealing, a mode of bringing forth. He emphasizes that technology is not just a means to an end or a human activity, but a way to disclose the truth of something by bringing it out of concealment.
What is the ancient Greek philosophical concept 'poiesis' as explained in the script?
-In the script, 'poiesis' is described as the act of bringing something out of concealment, which is a way of revealing the truth of that something.
What does the term 'aletheia' signify in the context of Heidegger's philosophy on technology?
-In Heidegger's philosophy, 'aletheia' refers to unclosedness, unconcealedness, or disclosure, which is the truth because it is disclosed.
How does Heidegger distinguish between primitive crafts and modern technology in terms of revealing?
-Heidegger posits that both primitive crafts and modern technology are revealing, but modern technology reveals by challenging nature, extracting, transforming, storing, and distributing it, rather than simply bringing it forth.
What is the concept of 'standing reserve' as it pertains to modern technology according to Heidegger?
-The concept of 'standing reserve' refers to how modern technology treats objects as resources to be disposed of by those who can frame and exploit them.
What are the two types of thinking that Heidegger discusses in relation to 'enframing'?
-Heidegger discusses 'calculative thinking,' which is the human desire to order and control nature, and 'meditative thinking,' which allows nature to reveal itself without force or violence.
What does the term 'framing' represent in Heidegger's view of modern technology?
-In Heidegger's view, 'framing' is the process of ordering or manipulating nature to better control it, which is a result of human desire for security and control.
What dangers does Heidegger associate with the use of technology?
-Heidegger associates the dangers of technology with the risk of humans becoming consumed by it, losing their essence as human beings, and becoming merely a part of the standing reserve.
How does the script suggest that art can serve as a saving power in relation to technology?
-The script suggests that art can serve as a saving power by encouraging meditative thinking, where nature is seen as art without force or violence, thus offering an alternative perspective to the calculative thinking often associated with technology.
What is the role of critical and reflective thinking in addressing the dangers of technology as discussed in the script?
-Critical and reflective thinking are essential for recognizing the dangers of technology and for proactively addressing them, such as the issues of privacy invasion, online disinhibition, and the proliferation of fake news.
Outlines
🤖 Essence of Technology
This paragraph introduces the concept of technology from two perspectives: the instrumental definition, which views technology as a means to an end, and the anthropological definition, which sees it as a human activity. It also references the application of science as a part of technology. The main focus is on Martin Heidegger's philosophical view of technology as a way of revealing, emphasizing that technology is not just about creating tools but also about bringing forth the truth of things. Heidegger's concept of 'bringing forth' is explained through the Greek philosophical concept of 'aletheia', which means unclosedness or disclosure. The paragraph concludes by contrasting Heidegger's view with the modern technological approach, which is seen as challenging rather than bringing forth, as it tends to exploit nature and reduce objects to mere resources.
🔍 Framing of Modern Technology
The second paragraph delves into the framing of modern technology, distinguishing it from the revealing nature of technology as seen by Heidegger. It discusses 'enframing' as a process where humans use calculative thinking to order and control nature, often at the expense of meditative thinking that allows nature to reveal itself without force. The paragraph highlights the dangers of this approach, such as the reduction of nature to a 'standing reserve' to be exploited and the potential for humans to become mere instruments of technology. It also touches on the societal implications, including concerns about privacy, the exploitation of natural resources, and the introduction of harmful substances into consumer products. The responsibility of humans to recognize their role as potential instruments of technology and to engage in critical and reflective thinking is emphasized.
🎨 Art as a Saving Power
The final paragraph of the script shifts the focus to the role of art as a saving power in the context of technology. It references Friedrich Hölderlin's idea that where danger grows, so does the saving power. Heidegger suggests that art can serve as a counterbalance to the enframing of modern technology by encouraging a meditative approach to nature, rather than a calculative one. The paragraph concludes by emphasizing the need for critical reflection on the use of technology and the importance of art in inspiring a different way of thinking about our relationship with nature and the world around us. It also serves as a call to action for viewers to engage with the content, perhaps by re-watching the video for further clarification, and to look forward to upcoming videos on the topic.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Technology
💡Instrumental Definition
💡Anthropological Definition
💡Martin Heidegger
💡Bringing Forth
💡Challenging Forth
💡Standing Reserve
💡Enframing
💡Calculative Thinking
💡Meditative Thinking
💡Art as Saving Power
Highlights
Technology as a means to an end and a human activity.
Heidegger's view on technology as a way of revealing the truth.
The ancient Greek concept of 'poiesis' as bringing something out of concealment.
The concept of 'aletheia' as disclosure or unclosedness.
Modern technology's revealing as 'challenging forth' rather than 'bringing forth'.
Modern technology challenges nature by extracting, transforming, and distributing it.
Concerns about privacy and human rights in the information age.
The ecological consequences of exploiting natural resources.
The role of humans as instruments of technology in the process of 'enframing'.
The dangers of misconstruction or misinterpretation in technology's revealing.
The responsibility of humans to not become consumed by technology.
Art as a saving power and a way out of the challenges posed by technology.
Art encourages meditative thinking and a less forceful approach to nature.
The importance of critical and reflective thinking on the use of technology.
Social media's role in connecting people and the issues it inadvertently creates.
The need for proactive measures to address the dangers of technology.
Transcripts
okay so hi there folks
um we are now in our next video in
science technology and society
and we're here to talk about technology
as a way of revealing so what is the
essence of technology
in in our in our world so we have
two types of definition of what
technology or the essence of technology
is
so we have first the instrumental
definition which talks that
technology is a means to an end okay
it's a means
to an end and number two it's the
anthropological definition
technology is a human activity okay and
we have
maybe if you can remember in the first
video that technology
is the application of science so
um actually there's no there's no
there's no dispute here of what
dispute of what is correct okay actually
both definitions are correct however
neither touches the true essence
of technology that is the application of
science
and we have here the next next slide
that will present
hediger's view on technology so
heidegger or hedger
a technology as a way of repeating that
is heidegger's
view okay for technology um this is
martin
heidegger he's a german
philosophy philosopher rather and one of
his
important parts of his philosophy is
about the view
on technology so heidegger stressed that
the truth can only be pursued
through the correct ways simply what is
correct
leads to what is true in this sense she
envisioned technology
as a way of revealing a mode of bringing
forth okay so it's a mode of bringing
forth
so bringing forth can be understood
through the ancient greek philosophical
concept
for isis which refers to the act of
bringing something out
of concealment so you're bringing it
forth so meaning you're
you're taking out okay you're disclosing
it shall we say
you're i'm thinking out of concealment
you're not concealing it anymore
so by bringing something out out of
concealment the truth of that something
is being revealed okay so therefore it's
the way of revealing
the truth is understood through another
ancient greek concept
of aletheia which is translated as
unclosedness unconcealedness
or disclosure like i said or the truth
because it's disclosed so therefore it's
telling about
about the truth that's a latia
technology
is a form of voices it's a way of
rebuilding
that and conceals the allatia or the
truth
okay so it's a form of phrases it's
revealing
alatia the truth okay that's
technology um under the view of
heidegger
in philosophy technique we have also
another greek term
resembles a term episteme that refers to
the human
ability to make and perform techne also
encompasses
knowledge and understanding in art it
refers
to tangible and intangible aspects of
life and the greeks
understood techne in the way that it
encompasses
not only craft but other acts of the
mind
and also poetry of course so technology
as voices so the next question will be
does modern technology brings forth
is it bringing forth or is it
challenging forth
okay so based on hedger in
his paper the question concerning
technology or maybe some
part of one journal one article
he postulated that both primitive crafts
and modern technology are
revealing it's a way of revealing
however
he explained that modern technology is
revealing not in the sense of
bringing forth it's revealing the
revealing of modern technology is not
bringing forth it's
challenging forth that's um in the
perspective of heidegger
modern technology challenges nature by
extracting something from it
and transforming storing and
distributing it it makes people
think how to do things faster more
effectively
and also with less effort i tell you
challenging fourth reduces objects as
standing reserve
or something to be disposed disposed of
by those who can and frame them okay
that is we humans who can
frame them this is evident in the way
people exploit nature
natural resources with very little
concern for the ecological consequences
that come with it in this information
age
greater control of information to profit
from it from its value
gives rise to concerns about privacy and
protection
of the human rights rise and depletion
of petroleum
as a strategic resource introduction
and the use of synthetic dyes artificial
flavorings
and toxic materials into the consumer
stream that brings about
adverse and bad effects in our human
health
we used to write agents writing agents
in agriculture that poses threats to
food safety
and health security okay so these are
um why some of the the reasons why it's
challenging for
instead of bringing forth that is
technology okay
so what we're going to do next is the
framing of modern technology modern
technologies
way of revealing so we're going to frame
that so however distinguish the way of
revealing
of modern technology by considering it
as a process
of in framing so in framing according to
heidegger
is akin in two ways so we have the first
way
is calculative thinking humans desire to
put an
order to nature to better understand and
control it so we want to control it
and number two is the meditative
thinking whereas
we humans allowed nature to reveal
itself to them
without the use of force or violence
but try to think of it we always tend to
use the first one the calculative
thinking
that we desire to put on order to nature
to better understand and control it
so this tends to be more commonly
utilized
primarily because humans desire to
control due to the fear of irregularity
we want
all things to be regular though we know
that the only constant thing in the
world is change
so we calculate thinking it's more
technical
kind of human thought in which people
gather information
and put it together in order to put it
to some specific use
okay to some specific use and framing
is a way of ordering or framing shall we
say from the word framing
nature to better manipulate it and
framing happens because of how humans
desire
for security even it pulls all nature as
a standard reserve and an instrument of
technology
to be exploited you know in ordering
in the ordering of nature the role of
humans
as instruments of technology through in
framing is called
destiny in destiny humans are challenged
fourth by enframing to reveal what is
real
however this destiny of humans to reveal
need your caries
carries with it the danger of
misconstruction or misinterpretation
okay so it carries with dangers of
course
so what are these dangers of technology
here
so it lie on how humans let themselves
make let themselves be consumed by it
the responsibility of humans is to
recognize how do you do
how do you become instruments of
technology according to paulo
is an author it is boastful for humans
to think that
nature needs to be saved whereas mother
nature
would remain even if humans cease to
exist
as a mere tenant of the earth people
must not allow themselves to be consumed
by technology
lest they lose the essence of who they
are
as human beings in this sense humans
are in danger of becoming merely a part
of the standing reserve
or alternatively we find themselves in
nature
okay so more on recognizing the dangers
of technology
requires critical and reflective
thinking on its use
for instance social media try to try to
imagine social media has indeed
connected people
in the most efficient convenient way
imaginable but it also inadvertently
gave rise to issues
such as invasion of privacy online
disinhibition
and proliferation of fake news and we
all know that
okay lastly in this topic we're going to
talk about
the art as the saving power so necessary
reflection
upon the confrontation with technology
are required in order to proactively
address the dangers of technology
according to ridrich holderlin 1977 from
his book
on page 14 but where danger is
grows the saving power also now
according to heidegger
he proposed that art is a saving power
it's that saving power and the way out
of in framing and art was simply called
technique
it was a single manifold revealing said
so art encourages humans to think less
from calculative standpoint
where nature is viewed as an ordered
system instead
it inspires meditative thinking the
second one the second if you're going to
remember the
meditative thinking where nature is seen
as art
and that without any force and
violence okay so
yeah that's it for our topic in
technology as a way of revealing
um this is my source here of this topic
um
if you have some questions in mind you
can of course just re-watch this video
replay for those
things that you want to clarify to
yourself
again this is part of the science
technology and society playlist
and okay this is where it ends
the topic technology as a way of
revealing so
yeah that's it for now thank you very
much for watching don't forget
okay so like and subscribe and yeah i'll
see you soon for more upcoming videos
so thank you very much for watching okay
see ya
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