KEREN! BEGINI PROSES MODERN DAUR ULANG SAMPAH PLASTIK MENJADI PRODUK JADI DI NEGARA MAJU
Summary
TLDRThis video script discusses the pervasive issue of plastic waste in modern life, highlighting that approximately 822,000 tons of plastic waste are produced daily worldwide. It emphasizes Germany's advanced waste management system, which efficiently recycles plastic waste through a well-regulated process involving sorting, recycling, and energy recovery. The script details the automated sorting process, manual checks, and the transformation of recycled plastic into new products, such as bottles and packaging materials. It also touches on the limitations of recycling certain plastic products and the environmental benefits of using recycled materials.
Takeaways
- 🌏 Plastic waste is a global issue, with approximately 300 million tons produced annually, which equates to about 822,000 tons daily.
- 🗑️ Advanced countries like Germany are making significant efforts to recycle plastic waste to reduce environmental contamination.
- 🏗️ Germany's waste management system is highly organized, with good regulations and high public awareness, involving efficient collection and recycling of various types of waste, including plastics.
- 🔄 In Germany, waste is classified into five colors, with plastic waste placed in yellow bins along with cardboard and light metal like cans.
- 🚚 Recycling plants in Germany handle waste plastic from a 300 km radius, collecting around 120,000 tons of waste annually.
- ♻️ The recycling process begins with separating recyclable from non-recyclable plastic waste, with some waste being incinerated for energy in conventional power plants.
- 🔧 The waste sorting process is almost entirely automated, with a 2.5 km conveyor belt and rotating drums to sort waste by size.
- 🌀 Further sorting uses air blasts to remove lighter materials like foil, making it easier to sort harder plastics.
- 👀 Infrared scanners and manual sorting are used to separate different types of plastics, ensuring high-quality recycled products.
- 🔥 Non-recyclable waste is used for energy recovery through incineration, while sorted plastic waste is compressed into high-purity plastic bales for secondary raw material.
- 🌱 Recycled plastic products, while saving raw materials like oil, will eventually end up in landfills or be incinerated, highlighting the need for a pure recycling cycle.
Q & A
How much plastic waste is produced worldwide annually according to the 2021 data?
-According to the 2021 data, approximately 300 million tons of plastic waste is produced annually.
What is the daily production of plastic waste worldwide based on the script?
-Based on the script, around 822,000 tons of plastic waste is produced every day in the world.
How long does it take for plastic to decompose naturally?
-The natural decomposition of plastic can take anywhere from 100 to 500 years, depending on the type of plastic.
What is the color-coded waste classification system in Germany as mentioned in the script?
-In Germany, waste is classified with a 5-color system, with plastic waste being placed in yellow bins along with cardboard and light metal like cans.
What is the radius within which recycling plants in Germany collect plastic waste?
-Recycling plants in Germany collect plastic waste from a radius of 300 KM, covering four states.
How much waste is collected by these recycling plants each year?
-These recycling plants collect 120,000 tons of waste each year.
What is the first process in recycling plastic waste as described in the script?
-The first process in recycling plastic waste is the separation of recyclable and non-recyclable plastic waste.
How is the further sorting of plastic waste based on size facilitated in the recycling process?
-The sorting of plastic waste based on size is facilitated by a process where smaller pieces fall through a sifting drum, while larger pieces are carried to a second drum.
What is the role of air classifiers in the plastic waste sorting process?
-Air classifiers play a role in the sorting process by blowing air to remove lighter materials like paper and foil from the material flow.
What happens to the plastic waste that is not recycled after the sorting process?
-The plastic waste that is not recycled is used for energy recovery through incineration in conventional power plants.
What is the purity level of the plastic waste bales produced after sorting?
-The plastic waste bales produced after sorting have a purity level of 94 to 98%.
How is the plastic waste used in the production of new products after recycling?
-The recycled plastic waste is used as a secondary raw material in various industries, such as for making pipes, pellets, flower pots, or garden furniture.
What is the process for creating pure recycling cycles where plastic bottles are turned into new bottles?
-For pure recycling cycles, plastic bottles are shredded into clean, colored pieces, sorted by color, and then processed through a series of mechanical and optical sorting to produce high-quality, color-sorted plastic flakes that are used to make new bottles.
Outlines
🌍 Plastic Waste Management in Modern Life
The paragraph discusses the ubiquity of plastic waste in modern life, highlighting that plastic is used in almost every daily activity, from plastic bags to office supplies and children's toys. It emphasizes the staggering amount of plastic waste produced annually, with 300 million tons in 2021, equating to approximately 822,000 tons per day. The paragraph also touches on the environmental impact of plastic waste, noting that it can contaminate land and water and take between 100 to 500 years to decompose. It contrasts the situation with advanced countries like Germany, which maximize the use of plastic, including recycling, to mitigate environmental contamination.
🚮 Advanced Waste Management in Germany
This section delves into Germany's highly organized and well-regulated waste management system, which is characterized by high public awareness and efficient recycling practices. It explains that waste in Germany is classified into five colors, with plastic waste being placed in yellow bins along with cardboard and light metal cans. The recycling process involves collecting waste from a 300 km radius around the plant, encompassing four federal states, with 120,000 tons of waste collected annually. The first step in recycling involves separating recyclable from non-recyclable plastic waste, with some waste being incinerated for energy in conventional power plants. The sorting process is almost entirely automated, with a wheel loader feeding waste into a 2.5 km long conveyor belt that passes through a rotating drum to sort waste by size, resulting in five separate waste streams containing different materials and sizes.
🔄 The Recycling Process and Its Limitations
The paragraph further details the recycling process, emphasizing the importance of categorization for producing high-quality end products. It describes how plastic is scanned and sorted using a fast inframerah system, with air pressure used to remove bottle caps and sort different types of plastic. Despite the automated sorting, a manual sorting process is also employed. The paragraph notes that around one-third of the total waste input is not recycled again, with the remaining waste used for energy recovery through incineration. Sorted plastic waste is then compressed into bales, which are composed of HDPE and PET waste with a purity level of 94 to 98%. These well-shredded plastics are sought after as secondary raw materials in the plastic processing industry. The paragraph also discusses the limitations of recycling, where some products have a limited lifespan and will eventually end up in landfills or incinerated.
🔄 Purer Recycling Cycles and Their Processes
This section focuses on purer recycling cycles, where plastic bottles are turned into new bottles. It describes how plastic bottles are shredded into clean, colorful pieces that are almost entirely made of PET. The plastic pieces are then separated by color, as mixing them would result in dirty, gray plastic. Color sorting is done in a specialized facility where mechanical means allow the machine to isolate single flakes from a larger mass, with LED lights and sensors identifying different colors. Air nozzles are used to remove undesired colors, resulting in only colorless flakes. The process is repeated on two slides to produce 800 kg of sorted flakes per hour with a purity level far above 99%. The material is then melted at 220 degrees Celsius in an extruder, filtered, and purified again before being cooled and processed into plastic pellets.
🏭 From Waste to Bottle Production
The final paragraph outlines the journey of high-quality plastic pellets from the waste processing industry to the bottle manufacturing plant. The plastic pellets are sucked into a machine to be melted in a specialized extruder. Heat and air pressure shape the bottles with the help of molds. Excess material is cut from the bottles, and they are ready for use, made entirely from recycled plastic waste. These bottles are filled with liquids and products as usual and sent to stores in Germany.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Plastic waste
💡Decomposition
💡Recycling
💡Waste management system
💡Sorting
💡Waste-to-energy
💡Plastic pellets
💡Secondary raw materials
💡Downcycling
💡Closed-loop recycling
💡Plastic contamination
Highlights
Plastic waste production is inevitable in modern life, with plastics used in almost every daily activity.
In 2021, approximately 300 million tons of plastic waste were produced annually, averaging 822,000 tons per day globally.
Plastic waste, if left unchecked, can pollute land and water, with decomposition times ranging from 100 to 500 years.
Advanced countries like Germany maximize the use of plastic, including recycling to reduce environmental contamination.
Germany's waste management system is highly organized, with good regulations and high public awareness.
In Germany, waste is classified into five colors, with plastic waste placed in yellow bins along with cardboard and light metals.
Recycling plants in Germany process waste plastic from a 300 km radius, collecting 120,000 tons annually.
The first recycling process involves separating recyclable from non-recyclable plastic waste.
Empty packaging waste is incinerated for energy in conventional power plants.
Plastic waste sorting is almost entirely automated, with a 2.5 km conveyor belt and rotating drums for size-based sorting.
Further sorting uses air blasts to remove lighter materials like paper and foil, making it easier to sort harder plastics.
Infrared scanners and air pressure are used to sort out specific types of plastic, such as PET and HDPE.
About two-thirds of the total waste does not get recycled, with the remaining waste used for energy recovery through incineration.
Sorted plastic waste is compressed into bales, consisting of HDPE and PET with a purity level of 94 to 98%.
Well-sorted plastic waste is a sought-after secondary raw material in the plastic processing industry.
Products made from recycled plastic can save raw materials like oil, but eventually, they may also end up in landfills.
For pure recycling cycles, where plastic bottles are turned into new bottles, further processes are required.
Plastic flakes are color-sorted using specialized machinery and sensors to isolate single flakes from a large mass.
The final product of the recycling process is high-quality plastic material used in various industrial applications.
Recycled plastic is used to manufacture new bottles, which are filled with liquids and sent to stores in Germany.
Transcripts
[Musik]
dalam aktivitas kehidupan modern kita
tidak bisa menghindari produksi sampah
plastik
Hal ini karena plastik digunakan hampir
di setiap kegiatan sehari-hari mulai
dari kantong plastik wadah sampo hingga
peralatan kantor dan mainan anak-anak
dan kebanyakan dari produk plastik ini
akan berakhir di kantong sampah
berdasarkan data per tahun 2021 ada
sekitar 300 juta ton sampah plastik
dihasilkan per tahun ini berarti sekitar
822.000 ton sampah plastik diproduksi
setiap harinya di dunia
di sisi lain sampah plastik ini jika
dibiarkan akan mencemari tanah dan air
selama proses dekomposisi
proses penguraian plastik sendiri secara
alami juga membutuhkan waktu yang cukup
lama mulai dari 100 hingga 500 tahun
tergantung dari jenis plastiknya
kondisi inilah yang membuat
negara-negara maju seperti Jerman
memanfaatkan plastik semaksimal mungkin
termasuk mendaur ulang sampah plastik
ini sehingga dapat digunakan kembali dan
menyelamatkan lingkungan dari
kontaminasi sampah plastik
[Musik]
[Musik]
di Jerman sistem pengelolaan sampah
sangat teratur dan dikelola dengan
regulasi yang baik dan kesadaran
masyarakat yang tinggi
sistem ini melibatkan pengumpulan dan
daur ulang sampah yang sangat efisien
untuk berbagai jenis limbah termasuk
plastik
jika di Indonesia sampah hanya dibedakan
menjadi dua yaitu organik dan anorganik
di Jerman sampah diklasifikasikan dengan
5 warna
sampah plastik ditempatkan pada Tong
berwarna kuning bersama dengan kardus
dan Logam ringan seperti kaleng
[Musik]
pabrik pengolahan daur ulang sampah ini
bekerja dengan menampung sampah plastik
dari radius 300 KM di sekitar pabrik
yang mencakup 4 negara bagian di mana
ada
120.000 ton sampah dikumpulkan setiap
tahun
proses pertama daur ulang ini adalah
proses pemisahan Jenis sampah plastik
yang dapat didaur ulang dan yang tidak
dapat didaur ulang
sebagian limbah kemasan kosong dibakar
untuk energi di pembangkit listrik
konvensional
[Musik]
proses penyortiran sampah plastik ini
berlangsung hampir sepenuhnya secara
otomatis
di bagian depan pengumpulan sampah
sebuah wheel loader bertugas memasukkan
sampah plastik ke dalam conveyor yang
akan membawa plastik melewati sabuk
conveyor sepanjang 2,5 km
pada tahap pertama sampah dimasukkan ke
saringan drum berputar
di sini berbagai kemasan dan bahan
lainnya disortir berdasarkan ukuran
potongan yang lebih kecil jatuh melalui
lubang saringan
sementara sisanya diangkut ke drum kedua
hasil akhirnya adalah 5 aliran sampah
terpisah yang berisi material dan ukuran
yang berbeda
[Musik]
proses pemisahan sampah plastik
berdasarkan ukuran membuat prosedur
penyortiran lebih lanjut menjadi lebih
mudah
[Musik]
penyortiran lanjut menggunakan semburan
udara khusus dimana semburan angin
meniup material yang lebih ringan
seperti kertas timah untuk keluar dari
aliran material
penyortir udara ini menghilangkan
sebagian besar foil dari aliran material
ini
hal ini membuat plastik keras lebih
mudah disortir
semakin teliti plastik dikategorikan
maka semakin baik produk jadi yang
dihasilkan
[Musik]
Pada tahapan selanjutnya pemindahan
inframerah dengan cepat memindai 4 jenis
plastik
tekanan udara kemudian ditembakkan untuk
mengeluarkan tutup botol berjenis pipi
plastik PD dan juga plastik Edge
untuk disortir dari aliran material
meskipun sudah melalui proses
penyortiran otomatis aliran material ini
juga akan melewati penyortiran manual
dengan tangan
plastik yang paling berguna tetap
dibiarkan berada di sabuk namun sekitar
sepertiga dari total sampah yang masuk
tidak digunakan lagi
sisa limbah plastik yang tidak didaur
ulang ini akan digunakan untuk
pembakaran pemulihan energi listrik
konvensional
[Musik]
kemudian sampah plastik yang sudah
disortir ini kemudian akan ditekan dan
diikat menjadi bal sampah plastik
bal ini terdiri dari sampah plastik hdpe
dan pet yang memiliki tingkat kemurnian
94 hingga 98%
[Musik]
sampah plastik yang terpilah dengan baik
ini merupakan bahan baku sekunder yang
banyak dicari dalam industri pengolahan
plastik
[Musik]
proses pengolahan sampah setengah jadi
ini dapat dijual untuk memasak
perusahaan-perusahaan pengolahan biji
plastik di sekitar Jerman
[Musik]
biasanya digunakan untuk campuran
membuat pipa atau pelet khusus
sedangkan plastik pipi sering diubah
menjadi pot bunga atau ember
dan kemasan bit diubah menjadi serat
yang digunakan dalam sweater atau
menjadi furniture taman
Walau begitu beberapa produk ini hanya
memiliki umur terbatas dalam daur ulang
artinya kedepan tidak dapat didaur ulang
lagi
[Musik]
dengan memproduksi produk-produk dengan
daur ulang plastik ini dapat menghemat
bahan mentah seperti minyak akan tetapi
pada titik tertentu mereka juga akan
berakhir di tempat pembuangan sampah
pembakaran limbah
[Musik]
sementara itu untuk proses daur ulang
siklus murni Dimana sampah botol plastik
di rubah menjadi botol baru
bal sampah-sampah plastik ini memerlukan
proses lebih lanjut
botol-botol plastik acid DP ini akan
dimasukkan ke mesin penghancur yang akan
mengubah plastik menjadi serpihan
plastik berwarna-warni bersih yang
hampir seluruhnya terbuat dari xtb
selanjutnya serpihan plastik ini harus
dipisahkan berdasarkan warnanya
karena jika plastik ini dilelehkan
bersamaan akan berubah menjadi plastik
berwarna abu-abu kotor
[Musik]
penyortiran warna ini dilakukan di
penyortiran khusus
mekanika khusus memungkinkan mesin untuk
mengisolasi serpihan tunggal dari masa
yang besar
[Musik]
dijalankan di atas slide sepotong demi
sepotong yang dapat melewati puluhan
ribu biji per menit
LED menerangi aliran material
sementara sensor mengenali warna yang
berbeda
kemudian data dianalisis oleh komputer
yang mengontrol panel yang dilengkapi
dengan lebih dari 60 nozzle udara
bertekanan
semburan udara ini akan mengeluarkan
warna yang tidak diinginkan
menghasilkan hanya serpihan tak berwarna
yang terjatuh pada aliran serpihan
plastik ini
setelah proses ini dilakukan pada dua
slide pertama proses ini Diulangi pada
dua slide berikutnya
[Musik]
dan pengulangan terakhir akan
menghasilkan 800 kg serpihan AIDS yang
telah disortir per jam dengan tingkat
kemurnian jauh di atas 99%
[Musik]
selanjutnya bahan akan dilelehkan pada
suhu 220 derajat Celcius dalam extruder
kemudian lelehan ini ditekan melalui
filter dan sekali lagi dimurnikan
baru Selanjutnya plastik cair
didinginkan dan diolah menjadi butiran
biji plastik
hasilnya adalah bahan baku berkualitas
tinggi yang digunakan hampir di semua
tempat industri plastik
beralih ke pabrik pembuatan botol
plastik biji plastik dari industri
pengolahan sampah dihisap memasuki mesin
untuk kemudian dilelehkan dalam extruder
khusus
[Musik]
selanjutnya panas dan tekanan udara
membentuk botol dengan bantuan cetakan
setelah itu bahan berlebih dipotong dari
botol
dan kemudian botol siap untuk digunakan
botol-botol ini dibuat hanya dengan
menggunakan plastik daur ulang dari
sampah plastik
akhirnya botol IDP Ini diisi cairan
produk seperti biasa dan dikirim ke
toko-toko di Jerman
[Musik]
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