APUSH Review: Give Me Liberty, Chapter 5
Summary
TLDRThis educational video delves into the pivotal period leading to the American Revolution, highlighting the crisis between the colonies and Britain post-Seven Years' War. It discusses the British debt, the Stamp Act, and the rallying cry for 'no taxation without representation.' The video also covers the Sons of Liberty, the Boston Tea Party, and the Intolerable Acts. It touches on the roles of key figures like Thomas Paine and George Washington, and events like the Battles of Lexington and Concord, and the decisive Battle of Yorktown. The narrative underscores the colonists' struggle for representation, the influence of Enlightenment ideas, and the eventual recognition of American independence with the Treaty of Paris.
Takeaways
- 🏛️ The crisis between the colonies and Britain began after the Seven Years' War, with Britain in significant debt and seeking to enforce stricter trade regulations.
- 📜 The Navigation Acts were loosely enforced prior to 1763, but post-war Britain sought to enforce them more rigorously, leading to increased tensions.
- 🗳️ The concept of 'no taxation without representation' emerged as colonists resisted British taxes, feeling they had no voice in Parliament.
- 🔍 The Writs of Assistance allowed British officials to search homes and ships for smuggled goods, further straining relations with the colonists.
- 💵 The Currency Act prohibited colonies from printing paper money, forcing them to use hard currency like gold and silver.
- 📜 The Stamp Act was a direct tax on colonists, affecting many common paper goods and leading to widespread resistance.
- 👥 The Sons of Liberty emerged as a group resisting British taxes, including the harassment of stamp collectors.
- 📚 John Dickinson's 'Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer' advocated for reconciliation with Britain and equal treatment of colonists.
- 🍵 The Boston Massacre and the Boston Tea Party were key events that escalated tensions between the colonists and the British.
- 📜 The Intolerable Acts were passed in response to the Boston Tea Party, further uniting the colonies against British rule.
- ✍️ The Declaration of Independence, primarily written by Thomas Jefferson, listed grievances against King George III and was influenced by Enlightenment ideas.
Q & A
What was the main cause of the crisis between the colonies and Britain?
-The crisis was mainly caused by Britain's tremendous debt after the Seven Years' War, which led to a more hands-on approach towards the colonies and the passing of new acts to regulate trade.
What was the significance of the end of the Seven Years' War in 1763?
-The end of the Seven Years' War marked a turning point in the relationship between Britain and the colonies, as Britain began to enforce stricter trade regulations and taxes on the colonies.
How did the Navigation Acts and smuggling contribute to the tension between the British and the colonists?
-Prior to 1763, the Navigation Acts were loosely enforced, and Americans often got around them by smuggling. The British, being heavily taxed, felt the burden should extend to the colonists, leading to tension.
What was the concept of 'virtual representation' and why was it rejected by the colonists?
-Virtual representation was the British government's argument that all people living in the British Empire were represented in Parliament, even if they couldn't vote. Colonists rejected this because they wanted direct representation.
What was the purpose of the Writs of Assistance and how did they contribute to the tension?
-The Writs of Assistance were open-ended search warrants allowing British officials to search homes and ships for smuggled goods. They contributed to tension by infringing on colonists' privacy and rights.
Why was the Currency Act of 1764 significant?
-The Currency Act prohibited colonies from printing paper money and required them to use hard currency or gold and silver, which affected the economy and increased resentment towards Britain.
What was the Stamp Act and why was it a pivotal moment?
-The Stamp Act was a direct tax on colonists for commonly used goods made of paper. It was pivotal because it represented taxation without representation and was the first tax affecting all colonists.
How did the Sons of Liberty resist British taxes?
-The Sons of Liberty emerged as a group to resist British taxes, harassing stamp collectors and gaining support from craftsmen, laborers, and merchants.
What was the significance of the Boston Tea Party and how did it influence Britain's response?
-The Boston Tea Party was a protest against the Tea Act and led to Britain passing the Intolerable Acts in response, which further escalated tensions and pushed the colonies towards rebellion.
What was the role of the Continental Congress in the growing conflict?
-The Continental Congress was created in response to the Intolerable Acts and included representatives from all colonies except Georgia. It played a crucial role in organizing resistance and eventually pushing for independence.
What were the main points of Thomas Paine's 'Common Sense' and its impact?
-Thomas Paine's 'Common Sense' argued for American independence from Britain, using Enlightenment ideas and appealing to the average colonist. It was influential in swaying public opinion towards independence.
Outlines
🏛️ Colonial Crisis and Acts
This paragraph discusses the crisis that arose between the American colonies and Britain following the Seven Years' War, which ended in 1763. Britain, heavily in debt, began to enforce stricter trade regulations through new acts, marking a significant shift in the relationship with the colonies. The lack of representation for colonists in British decisions led to growing discontent. The Writs of Assistance, Currency Act, and the Stamp Act are highlighted as key events that intensified tensions, with the Stamp Act being particularly resented for its direct tax on colonists without their consent. The Sons of Liberty emerged as a group resisting British taxes, and the Stamp Act Congress was formed to boycott the act, leading to its repeal by Parliament in 1766.
📚 The Road to Revolution
The second paragraph delves into the growing resistance against British rule in the colonies. It covers the Townshend Acts, which imposed taxes on various goods, and John Dickinson's 'Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer,' advocating for reconciliation with Britain. The boycott of British goods and the rise of the homespun movement are discussed, as well as the Boston Massacre, which further fueled colonial resentment. The paragraph also touches on the Intolerable Acts, the Quebec Act, and the formation of the Continental Congress, which prepared the colonies for potential conflict. The significance of the Suffolk Resolves and the Committees of Safety in transitioning power from colonial to grassroots organizations is highlighted, setting the stage for the American Revolution.
🗽 The Fight for Independence
The final paragraph focuses on the events leading to the American Declaration of Independence. It discusses the Olive Branch Petition, an attempt at reconciliation with Britain, and Thomas Paine's influential pamphlet 'Common Sense,' which argued for American independence. The Declaration of Independence is detailed, emphasizing its listing of grievances against King George III and its inspiration from Enlightenment ideas. The paragraph also covers the military aspects of the Revolution, including the battles of Lexington and Concord, Bunker Hill, and Yorktown, which were pivotal in securing American independence. The Treaty of Paris is mentioned as the formal recognition of U.S. independence and the acquisition of territories up to the Mississippi River.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Seven Years' War
💡Taxation without representation
💡Stamp Act
💡Sons of Liberty
💡Townshend Acts
💡Boston Massacre
💡Boston Tea Party
💡Intolerable Acts
💡Continental Congress
💡Declaration of Independence
Highlights
The crisis between the colonies and Britain dates back to the end of the Seven Years War in 1763.
Britain's debt led to a more hands-on approach with the colonies, altering the relationship.
New acts were passed to regulate trade, which was previously loosely enforced.
The British believed the colonists were virtually represented in Parliament, a notion rejected by the colonists.
Writs of assistance allowed British officials to search homes and ships for smuggled goods.
The Currency Act prohibited colonies from printing paper money, requiring hard currency instead.
The Stamp Act was a direct tax on colonists, sparking widespread resistance.
The Sons of Liberty emerged to resist British taxes and harass stamp collectors.
The Stamp Act Congress was formed to boycott the Stamp Act, leading to its repeal in 1766.
The Regulator Movement in South Carolina highlighted under-representation issues.
The Townshend Acts included taxes on glass, lead, paint, and tea, leading to John Dickinson's 'Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer'.
The Boston Massacre in 1770 increased tensions between colonists and British soldiers.
The Tea Act led to the Boston Tea Party as colonists boycotted taxed tea.
The Intolerable Acts were passed in response to the Boston Tea Party, further straining relations.
The Continental Congress was formed in response to the Intolerable Acts, with Patrick Henry's famous speech.
The Olive Branch Petition sought reconciliation with King George III, but was rejected.
Thomas Paine's 'Common Sense' argued for American independence and was widely influential.
The Declaration of Independence was written by Thomas Jefferson, drawing on Enlightenment ideas.
The Battle of Saratoga was a turning point, leading to French support for the American cause.
The Treaty of Paris recognized American independence and expanded U.S. territory.
Transcripts
[Music]
come on give me liberty fans we got
chapter 5 for you today this one coming
from the fourth edition of the textbook
but if you got another one it'll match
up make sure you check the description
right now I have so many videos that
relate to this chapter lots that are
lots of topics that are broken down and
very important to understand to succeed
in a push a really any history class all
right let's get started
so we're talking about the crisis
between the colonies and Britain and a
lot of this really goes back to the end
of the seven years war that ended in
1763 Britain is in a tremendous amount
of debt this is a turning point this is
actually the essay topic from the 2015
AP exam so Britain and so to neglect
they begin to take a more hands-on
approach on the colonies and this really
drastically alters the relationship
between the British and the colonists so
new acts were passed to regulate trade
and keep in mind prior to 1763 trade was
loosely enforced yes there was a
navigation acts for the most part they
weren't really enforced and Americans
got around it by smuggling Britons were
heavily taxed and they felt that the
burden should be extended to the
colonists as well
now some colonists were upset that they
didn't have representation so the
British government argued yeah bro
you're virtually represented and this
means that all the people living in the
British Empire were represented in
Parliament even if they could not vote
and this was rejected by colonists they
didn't like this
Rhett's of assistance were created and
these were essentially open-ended search
warrants that allowed British officials
to search homes and especially ships for
smuggled goods and if somebody was
caught smuggling they would be tried in
an admiralty court where they were
guilty until proven innocent there was
no trial by jury lots of tension this
creates between the colonists and the
British as well currency Act was created
in this prohibited colonies from
printing paper money and they must use
hard currency or gold and silver all
right stay in fact you see it start
wicked wicked important Stamp Act this
was a direct tax on the colonists to
raise right
this was not approved by the colonial
assemblies so this is an example of
taxation without representation it was a
tax on 50 commonly used goods paper
goods like carts newspapers marriage
licenses you name it if it's made out of
paper chances are it was taxed and this
affected virtually all colonists this
was the first tax that no matter where
you were living as a countess you would
be affected by this so Americans begin
to view themselves as equals to the
British counterparts and the bridge
covers like no borough Parliament
supreme you guys ain't equal sorry in
America we have this rallying cry of no
taxation without representation and this
was used by the car by the countess to
say hey we want representation in
Parliament and here is how the Stamp Act
was viewed in America you see it as a
symbol of death or awfulness
so stamp collectors were hanged in
effigy effigy is when you make like a
straw man or a a fake person and you
hang them and you label them as let's
say a stamp collector and committees and
organizations emerge to resist the Stamp
Act most nobly the Stamp Act Congress
which was a colonial organization to
boycott the Stamp Act and we'll see that
it's successful in the colonies so Sons
of Liberty's this was a Sons of Liberty
was a new group that emerged and they
emerged to resist British taxes and they
would harass stamp collectors and they
had support from craftsmen laborers and
merchants and after much American
resistance Parliament will repeal to
stay up act in 1776 because economically
it is hard to enforce now this is a
turning point this is hugely hugely
important the countess realized if they
resist or put up a fight with any tax or
act that the British will eventually
give in now in the 1760s we have a
movement called the regular later
movement and these people were upset
about under-representation for Western
settlements in the South Carolina
Assembly so you have poor people living
out on the western frontier they're
upset about under-representation kind of
a similar idea to beacon to rebellion
they criticize the wealthy and
eventually in 1771 they were suppressed
by the South Carolina militia
present-day Vermont we have conflicts
that emerged between New Yorkers in New
England
over land and colonial elites really
these two these two issues helped
illustrate the Kodi elites feared
challenges to British Authority might
also result in challenges to a two
colonial authority so these are kind of
movements of lower-class individuals
that are resisting elites colonial
elites okay Townsend X these were
created by Charles Townsend here he is
it was a tax on Glee and glas.t lead and
paint john dickinson writes his very
famous book letters from a Pennsylvania
farmer and he argued for a
reconciliation with Britain and that the
cow should be treated like Englishmen
basically he's arguing for let's go back
to the days of salutary neglect where we
all got along so well this was a very
very popular best-selling book many
colonists encouraged purchasing of
homespun clothing or clothing as made in
the United States as a way of boycotting
British made goods daughters of Liberty
were women who made homespun clothing it
became very helpful in this movement and
artisans benefited greatly from the
boycotts because their products were now
being bought instead of British ones now
in Boston we have the very famous of
Boston Massacre and understand this
let's go back a little bit and many
British soldiers wanted second jobs
besides being soldiers and they would
compete with colonists for these jobs
which would increase tensions now in
March of 1770 there's a colonial crowd
that is very upset and they are pelting
the British soldiers with snowballs with
rocks and they're yelling things at them
now nobody really knows why the British
fired but they began to fire under the
crowd killing five Americans including
Crispus Attucks who was african-american
and generally considered to be the first
person killed in the American Revolution
now Paul Revere he was a famous printer
Lee jumps on this and he creates this
engraving any titles that you can see up
here the bloody massacre
so really portrays the colonists as
these innocent group here just
peacefully standing there in the British
shooting at them and this really really
really helps increase tensions as well
John Wilkes as a member of parliament
that was critical of the king he really
became like a folk hero or
rallying cry in the colonies many people
looked up to him the Tea Act was created
to bail out the near bankrupt British
East India Company and what it does was
it puts a tax on tea now interestingly
enough the price of tea was cheaper than
smuggled tea but the colonists still
boycotted it because they hated taxes so
much so they were against all taxes they
were willing to pay more for smuggle tea
because there wasn't a tax on it and as
a result of the Tea Act we have the
Boston Tea Party that occurred now in
response to that Britain passes the
Intolerable or the coercive acts they
closed the port of Boston they
instituted a new quartering act in which
the soldiers could stay in the homes of
people living there and they also
revoked a Massachusetts Charter at the
same time they passed something known as
the Quebec Act which extended the
boundary of Canada to the Ohio Valley so
American colonists are very concerned
because they think the Canadian border
is encroaching on their land and the
Quebec Act also provided legal
protection for Catholics which many
Protestant American colonists were very
weary of and many colonists feared that
Britain was strengthening Catholicism at
their expense
so the Quebec Act angered many American
colonists as well let's jump over to the
Continental Congress this was passed in
response this was created in response to
the Intolerable Acts the Suffolk
resolves encouraged disobedience to laws
encourage people not to pay taxes and
ultimately to help prepare for war the
Continental Congress was made up of all
colonies except for Georgia and included
people like John Adams in George
Washington Patrick Henry gave his very
famous speech give me liberty or give me
death
that really became a rallying cry as
well now the Association encouraged no
trade with Britain in the West Indies
and Committees of safety developed and
that they were created to help
transition power from colonial
governments in which the British
government had control to grassroots
organizations and Kawas based their
arguments on natural rights their rights
to elect individuals to not pay taxes
without consent
many many many colonists wanted to be
seen as equals in the British Empire
which the British did not share the same
view gives jump on over to of Lexington
and Concord April of 1775 more than one
year prior to the American Declaration
of Independence there is a conflict
between the colonists and the British
now Britain sought to seize colonial
arms stationed there and this was known
as the shot heard round the world
in the colonists push the British
soldiers back now in June of that same
year 1775 Weah breeds Hill which was
incorrectly called breeds Hill it's
actually called Bunker Hill this is the
Battle of Bunker Hill in which the
colonists took a surprisingly high
number of British casualties now in 1776
the Second Continental Congress was
created and they'd like to George
Washington as commander of the colonial
military they're going to be the ones
who ultimately push for the Declaration
of Independence
now throughout 1775 it's very important
to know most Americans did not want
independence rather they simply want to
go back to the days of solitary neglect
the governor of Virginia seen that war
was kind of imminent offered freedom to
slaves that fought on behalf of the
British and this really angered a lot of
plantation owners some of which were
loyal to the British crown now in
January of 1776 a very famous book is
written common sense it starred you got
to know it I have a video on it check
the description below but before we get
to that we're going to talk about the
Olive Branch petition which sought
reconciliation with King George a third
and Great Britain this was after the
fighting in King George the third says
no Thomas Paine or T pain comes along he
argues that it's common sense for
America to break away from England and
this pamphlet becomes a best-seller in
the county so hundreds of thousands of
copies so is ready to appeal to common
people it avoided complex language was
not written to thee to the audience of
the elites but rather to the average
everyday colonists this was issued as I
mentioned in January 1776 and
independence happened six months later
in July so the Declaration of
Independence was written primarily by
this dude Thomas Jefferson who wrote it
when he was 33 years old I am 33 years
old I'm having a mini midlife crisis
because I haven't done it
like that now what this does did was it
provided a list of grievances against
King George in third and it drew on him
a lot of Enlightenment ideas like
natural rights John Locke's life liberty
and property he changed to life liberty
and you know it the pursuit of happiness
so laws of nature he argue justified
independence and and there was even some
inspiration from John Locke's a social
contract that rulers have responsibility
to the ruled so American exceptionalism
is this belief that America really
served as a symbol of freedom for the
rest of the world and this really has
been a major idea throughout most of
American history the Declaration of
Independence inspired people from around
the world you see it in present-day
Belgium and in many areas of Latin
America and this dude's emo Boulevard if
you took AP World History any world
history class you learned about him
Maddi independence movements were
inspired in Latin America and many
people around the world began to believe
in the belief that you know what average
everyday people do have rights that the
government should protect all right
let's talk about British advantages
during the war they had a better trained
army with more men than Hessian soldiers
who were these really bad German
shoulder soldier dudes that were hired
to fight and they had an elite Navy the
basa Navy in the entire world America
had home-field advantage that a stronger
will and they had really good leadership
by people like George Washington some
slaves acquired freedom through fighting
on behalf of the Americans during the
Revolution and blacks under Washington
fought an integrated unit so they were
fighting side by side with whites the
next time this would happen would be the
Korean War in the 1950s the Virginia
legislature emancipated some slaves or
freed some slaves that fought in the
American Revolution and Washington's
surprise attack on the Hessians in the
early years of the war really increased
the morale of the troops battle Saratoga
starred know this bad boy here's a
painting of it and check it out in the
rotunda of the US Capitol in Washington
DC
Denis Norman's painting check it out
it'll be a great time October 1777
general but going of the American side
defeated the British this was a turning
point because France
entered the war on behalf of the
American colonists they began to provide
aid to them and the reason they did this
was they hope to regain lost land from
the Seven Years War now they never got
it back but they did hope for in 1780 it
was a really bad year Congress it was
almost bankrupt Benedict Arnold he
defected to the British side became
known as America's most famous traitor
an American colonists engaged in
guerrilla warfare throughout much of the
south now Marquis de Lafayette he was as
French Dube became buddies with George
Washington he played an instrumental
role in the war the battle Yorktown this
was the last major battle of the war
concered the final battle of the
Revolutionary War and the Americans win
and the Treaty of Paris provided that
the British would recognize us
independence the u.s. gained control all
the way to the Mississippi River and
they also gained fishing rights off of
Canada all right let's do a quick recap
and if so we turn neglect why did that
happen what were its impacts no the
stamp back stayed back Congress the
Townsend acts
what were those taxes on the Tea Act how
that led to the Boston Tea Party and
held the Boston Tea Party led to the
Intolerable Acts homespun movement what
was it what was the goal common sense
who wrote it what was the message was it
influential if so how the impacted the
Declaration of Independence on the world
the British and American advantages
during the war and finally the Battle of
Saratoga all right guys look forward to
seeing right back here for chapter six
thank you very much for watching if you
have any questions or concerns feel free
to leave them in the comment section
below and thank you guys very much for
watching have a good day
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