Skull Bones Mnemonic (Cranial and Facial Bones) | Anatomy and Physiology

Summary

In this educational video, Registered Nurse Orion Column explores the 22 skull bones, which are part of the axial skeleton and can be divided into eight cranial and 14 facial bones. The cranial bones include single bones like the frontal and occipital, along with pairs like the parietal and temporal bones. The facial bones are mostly pairs, except for the mandible and vomer. The video uses mnemonics like 'Ethan's fried Spanish pasta tempted octavia' to help viewers remember these bones and touches on associated bones like the hyoid and auditory ossicles, offering a free quiz for further learning.

Takeaways

• 🧠 The human skull consists of 22 bones, divided into 8 cranial bones and 14 facial bones.
• 🦴 Cranial bones are mostly single bones except for two pairs: the parietal and temporal bones.
• 😄 The parietal bones form the sidewalls of the cranium, and the temporal bones are located below them.
• 👀 The frontal bone is located at the forehead and protects the frontal lobe of the brain.
• 🦋 The sphenoid bone, shaped like a butterfly, spans the entire width of the cranium and is connected to all the cranial bones.
• 🧊 The ethmoid bone, located between the sphenoid and nasal bones, has a 'strainer-like' structure and is mostly enclosed.
• 🔙 The occipital bone is at the back of the head and covers the occipital lobe, which processes visual information.
• 💪 The mandible, or jawbone, is the strongest facial bone and is one of the two single facial bones, alongside the vomer.
• 👃 The nasal bones form the bridge of the nose, while the inferior nasal concha are shell-shaped bones in the lower part of the nose.
• 👂 The auditory ossicles, or ear bones, consist of three small bones in each ear: the malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), and stapes (stirrup).

Q & A

What are the two main portions of the 22 skull bones?

The 22 skull bones are divided into two main portions: the eight cranial bones and the 14 facial bones.

How can you differentiate between cranial and facial bones in terms of pairs and single bones?

Cranial bones are mostly single bones, except for two pairs (parietal and temporal bones), while facial bones are mostly pairs, except for two single bones (mandible and vomer).

Which cranial bones are paired, and how can you remember them?

The paired cranial bones are the parietal and temporal bones. You can remember the parietal bones by associating 'parietal' with 'pair,' and the temporal bones are located near the temples.

What is the function of the frontal bone, and how can it be easily remembered?

The frontal bone makes up the front of the cranium and covers the frontal lobe of the brain. It can be easily remembered because 'frontal' and 'forehead' both start with the letter F.

What is unique about the sphenoid bone, and why is it compared to a specter?

The sphenoid bone is a butterfly-shaped bone that spans the entire width of the cranium and articulates with all the cranial bones. It is compared to a 'specter' because it looks like a ghost when viewed from the side.

What is the function of the ethmoid bone, and how is its structure described?

The ethmoid bone is located between the nasal and sphenoid bones and helps filter the air through tiny holes in its cribriform plate, which resembles a strainer. It is only partially visible when viewed from the front of the skull.

What mnemonic can help remember the cranial bones?

A mnemonic to remember the cranial bones is: 'Ethan’s Fried Spanish Pasta Tempted Octavia,' which stands for Ethmoid, Frontal, Sphenoid, Parietal, Temporal, and Occipital.

What are the two single bones in the facial region, and how can they be remembered?

The two single facial bones are the mandible and vomer. The mandible can be remembered by associating it with a 'manly jawline,' and the vomer is named after an ancient word meaning 'ploughshare' because of its shape.

What is the function of the zygomatic bones, and how are they commonly known?

The zygomatic bones are responsible for forming the cheekbones and are commonly known as the bones that give structure to the cheeks.

What additional bones are considered associated with the skull, but not technically part of it?

The hyoid bone, which helps with swallowing, and the auditory ossicles (malleus, incus, and stapes) in the ear are considered associated bones but are not technically part of the skull.

Outlines

00:00

💀 Anatomy of the Skull Bones

In this segment, the speaker, a registered nurse named Orion, introduces the topic of the 22 skull bones. These bones, which are mostly flat or irregular, form part of the axial skeleton and are connected by suture joints, giving the appearance of a 3D jigsaw puzzle. The skull bones are categorized into two main parts: eight cranial bones and 14 facial bones. Orion provides a mnemonic to remember the cranial bones, which include two pairs of bones (parietal and temporal) and four single bones (frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and occipital). The parietal bones form the sidewall of the cranium, while the temporal bones are located below them. The frontal bone is associated with the forehead, and the sphenoid bone, shaped like a butterfly, connects with all other cranial bones. The ethmoid bone, named for its strainer-like cribriform plate, is situated behind the nasal bones. Lastly, the occipital bone, meaning 'behind the head,' covers the occipital lobe of the brain, which processes visual images.

05:00

🦴 Exploring Facial Bones and Associated Skull Structures

The second paragraph delves into the 14 facial bones, all of which are pairs except for two single bones: the mandible (jaw bone) and the vomer (part of the nasal septum). The speaker uses humor and mnemonics to make the information more memorable, such as associating the mandible with a 'manly' jawline and the vomer with its ploughshare-like name. The nasal bones, forming the bridge of the nose, are easy to remember due to their name. The inferior nasal conchae are described as shell-shaped bones in the lower part of the nose. Lacrimal bones are located near the tear ducts and are associated with tears (lacrimal fluid). The palatine bones form the hard posterior part of the palate, and the zygomatic bones are the cheek bones. The maxilla or maxillary bones constitute the largest area of the face and articulate with most facial bones. A mnemonic is provided to remember the facial bones. The video concludes with a mention of associated bones like the hyoid bone, which aids in swallowing, and the auditory ossicles (malleus, incus, and stapes). The speaker invites viewers to take a free quiz on the website and subscribe for more anatomy videos.

Keywords

💡Skull Bones

The skull bones are a collection of 22 bones that form the skull, which is part of the axial skeleton. They include both cranial and facial bones, and are crucial for protecting the brain and forming the structure of the face. In the video, the speaker discusses the various skull bones, emphasizing their importance in anatomy and physiology.

💡Cranial Bones

Cranial bones are the eight bones that make up the cranial cavity, housing and protecting the brain. They include the frontal, parietal, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and occipital bones. The video script provides mnemonics and descriptions to help remember these bones, highlighting their singularity except for two pairs.

💡Facial Bones

Facial bones are the 14 bones that form the structure of the face. They include the maxilla, mandible, zygomatic, nasal, lacrimal, palatine, and others. The video script points out that most of these are paired, except for two single bones, and uses mnemonics to aid in their memorization.

💡Suture Joints

Suture joints are the immovable joints that connect the bones of the skull. They are characterized by their jagged edges, likened to a 3D jigsaw puzzle in the video. These joints are essential for the stability of the skull and play a role in the growth of the skull during development.

💡Parietal Bones

The parietal bones are a pair of bones that form the sides of the skull, contributing to the sidewall of the cranium. The video uses the similarity in sound between 'parietal' and 'pair' to help viewers remember that there are two of them.

💡Temporal Bones

Temporal bones are another pair of cranial bones located beneath the parietal bones. They are associated with the temples and are humorously linked to the idea of massaging the temples to relieve a headache in the video script.

💡Sphenoid Bone

The sphenoid bone is a single, butterfly-shaped bone that articulates with all the cranial bones and spans the width of the cranium. It is described as resembling a specter, which is a creative way to remember its unique shape and position in the video.

💡Ethmoid Bone

The ethmoid bone is a single cranial bone located behind the nasal bones and in front of the sphenoid bone. It contains the cribriform plate, which has tiny holes resembling a strainer. The video uses the word 'ethmoid' to hint at its enclosed nature within the skull.

💡Occipital Bone

The occipital bone is the single bone at the back of the skull, covering the occipital lobe of the brain, which processes visual images. The video script humorously notes the irony of having eyes at the front while the visual processing center is at the back.

💡Mandible

The mandible, or jaw bone, is the single bone in the face that provides structure to the lower part of the face and jawline. The video script uses the term 'manly mandible' to emphasize its strength and importance in the facial structure.

💡Maxilla

The maxilla, or maxillary bones, are paired facial bones that form the upper jaw and a significant portion of the hard palate. They articulate with most of the facial bones, making them a key component of the face. The video uses the term 'maximum area' to help remember their extensive role in the face.

Highlights

The skull consists of 22 bones, divided into 8 cranial bones and 14 facial bones.

Cranial bones are mostly single, except for two pairs: the parietal bones and the temporal bones.

Parietal bones make up the sidewall of the cranium and are named because the word 'parietal' means 'wall.'

Temporal bones are located below the parietal bones and are associated with the temples.

The frontal bone is located at the forehead, covering the frontal lobe of the brain.

The sphenoid bone is a butterfly-shaped bone that spans the cranium, appearing like a pair from the side but is a single bone.

Ethmoid bone is located between the sphenoid and nasal bones and contains a cribriform plate with tiny holes resembling a strainer.

The occipital bone is located at the back of the head, covering the occipital lobe, which processes visual information.

Mnemonic for cranial bones: 'Ethan's Fried Spanish Pasta Tempted Octavia,' representing frontal, sphenoid, parietal, temporal, and occipital bones.

Mandible is the strongest bone in the face and is one of two single facial bones.

Vomer is a thin, flat bone forming the inferior part of the nasal septum and is the second single facial bone.

Nasal bones form the bridge of the nose, and their name is easy to remember because it directly refers to the nose.

The palatine bones form the hard posterior part of the roof of the mouth.

Zygomatic bones are the cheekbones.

Mnemonic for facial bones: 'My Mouth's Palate Never Liked Zucchini In Vinegar,' representing the mandible, maxilla, palatine, nasal, lacrimal, zygomatic, inferior nasal concha, and vomer bones.

Transcripts

hey everyone this is being with

registered nurse Orion column and then

anatomy and physiology you'll learn

about the 22 skull bones most of which

consists of flat or irregular bones that

are connected together by jagged suture

joints making it look like a creepy 3d

jigsaw puzzle

the 22 skull bones make up part of our

axial skeleton and you can divide them

into two main portions you have the

eight cranial bones and then the 14

facial bones now here's a quick tip

about your skull bones in the cranial

part those are all going to be single

bones except for two pairs of bones but

for your facial bones that's going to be

flipped all of those are going to be

pairs of bones except for two which are

single bones let's take a look at the

eighth cranial bones first starting with

those two pairs of bones the first pair

of bones in the cranium are the parietal

bones the word parietal sounds similar

to pair so that can help you remember

that there are two of them as I

mentioned in my body cavities video the

word parietal actually means a wall and

so these bones make up the sidewall of

your cranium now if you spend too much

time studying anatomy and physiology

you'll probably get a headache and if

that happens you can just massage the

sides of your temple to relieve the

pressure and hey guess what these bones

are called they're called the temporal

bones and this is another pair of bones

that are located just inferior to the

parietal bones okay so those are the two

pairs of cranial bones that means we've

already covered four we just have four

cranial bones left and the rest are

single and ready to mingle

for the next bone take a look at my

forehead this is the front of my cranium

and it also covers the frontal lobe of

my brain and guess what anatomist called

this bone they called it the frontal

bone

aren't those anatomist so clever

forehead and frontal both start with F

so this is probably the easiest cranial

bone to remember the sphenoid bone is a

butterfly shaped bone that articulates

with all the cranial bones and spans the

entire width of the cranium which you

can see when you look at the inferior

view of the skull the sphenoid also

looks like a specter which is another

word for ghost

so the sphenoid is the specter that

spans the cranium and by the way don't

be fooled by the lateral skull view

because when you look at this from the

side it appears as though the sphenoid

is another pair

by Owens just like the temporal or

parietal bones however when you flip it

under you'll see this is just one large

bone that spans the cranium next we have

the ethmoid bone which comes from a word

that means strainer and that's because

the top of this bone has something

called cribriform plate that contain

tiny holes resembling a strainer and

it's located inferior to the frontal

bone between the sphenoid and nasal

bones so whenever you look at the skull

from the anterior view you can just see

a little part of it right there in the

eye opening behind the nasal bones and

that's how I like to remember the

ethmoid bone is the ethmoid is the

enclosed cranial bone you don't see very

much of it next we have the occipital

bone and the word occipital literally

means behind the head and it covers the

occipital lobe of the brain which

processes visual images now it doesn't

make sense to a lot of people that we

have eyes on the front of our head but

the part of our brain that processes the

visual images is on the back of our head

but it makes perfect sense to me because

I have eyes on the back of my head okay

we are done with the cranial bones

here's a quick pneumonic to help you

remember the cranial bones starting from

front and working our way to the back

Ethan's fried Spanish pasta tempted

octavia now let's cover the 14 facial

bones and remember all of these bones or

pairs except for two which are single so

let's start with the single bones in the

face

first we have the mandible which is the

jaw bone now what's one facial feature

that a lot of girls say that they find

attractive on guys

they say that they like that chiseled

jawline in other words they want a guy

with a manly mandible and it's funny

because the mandible is actually the

strongest bone in your face so hey guys

even if you don't have a strong jaw line

at least you can have a strong jaw bone

and for the other single bone in the

face we have the vomer and this thin

flat bone forms the inferior part of the

nasal septum which is down the median

plane of the nose and you can see a

small part of it when you look at the

skull from the anterior view because it

actually extends deep into the skull and

it gets its name from an ancient word

that means ploughshare and it's much

easier to see if you look at it from the

inferior view of the skull next we have

the nasal bones and these are the

easiest facial bones to remember

because they make up the bridge of the

nose and the word nasal of course

literally means related to the nose so

if you get no other bones correct on

your anatomy test you should at the very

least get the nasal bones and the

frontal bone crack because those are

just handed to you next we have the

inferior nasal Concha or a Conca as some

people pronounce them and these bones

are easy to locate if you let the name

help you out inferior is a directional

term that means lower nasal it means

related to the nose and Concha means

shell-shaped so put them together and

you've got shell shaped bones in the

lower part of the nose boom easy peasy

the lacrimal bones are also easy to

remember check out this picture of this

girl right here with lacrimal fluid all

over her face well lacrimal fluids just

another name for tears what are the

lacrimal bone is located right next to

your tear ducts next we have the

palatine bones and if you think about

the roof of your mouth you have what's

known as the hard palate well why do you

think that hard palate is hard you have

bones behind that tissue and the

palatine bones make up the posterior

part of your palate so that's how you

can remember that the posterior palate

is the Palatine bone next we have the

zygomatic bones which is just a fancy

word for your cheek bones and then

finally we have the maxilla or maxillary

bones which make up the maximum area of

the face and articulates most all of the

facial bones and that's how you can

remember these bones the maxilla make up

the maximum part of the face now here's

a quick pneumonic that can help you

remember the facial bones my mouths

palate never like zucchini in vinegar

okay so that wraps up the 14 facial

bones in the eighth cranial bones now

there are a few other bones in this

general vicinity which are not

considered technically skull bones but

they're considered associated bones

because they're in that general area

I'll give a brief mention to these first

we have the hyoid bone and this is a

u-shaped bone which actually attaches to

the tongue and it helps us with

swallowing and then of course we have

the auditory ossicles or the ear bones

and you have three ear bones on each

side and these include the malleus the

incus and the stapes

also known as the hammer the anvil and

the stirrup

due to their appearance okay so that

wraps up this video over the skull bones

we have a free quiz on our website that

you can take you don't have to register

or sign up or download anything just

click the link in the description below

and scroll down on the page and select

your answers and hit submit and you can

test your knowledge over the skull bones

in addition I have more Anatomy videos

and we'll be covering more topics in the

future the bones I might do the cranial

sutures and maybe some of those

landmarks so you might want to check

those out thank you so much for watching

and please subscribe