1 7 The Conventions of Tokyo, The Hague and Montreal

Summary

The video script discusses international conventions and protocols, including the Tokyo Convention of 1963, the Hague Convention of 1970, and the Montreal Convention of 1971, which aim to enhance air travel security. These conventions establish jurisdiction over offenses on aircraft, deter hijackings, and define severe penalties for unlawful acts against aviation safety. The supplementary protocol of 1988 extends these definitions to include airport violence. The script emphasizes the importance of training, cooperation between states, and the implementation of security measures to ensure the highest standards of aviation security while maintaining the benefits of air travel.

Takeaways

• 🔐 The Tokyo Convention of 1963 established jurisdictional rights for the state of registry of an aircraft over offenses committed on board.
• 🛫 In response to hijackings, the ICAO developed conventions to ensure that unlawful acts against aviation are addressed and prevented.
• 🚫 The Hague Convention of 1970 mandates that acts of unlawful seizure of aircraft should be punished, defining such acts.
• ✈️ The Montreal Convention of 1971 expanded on aviation security by specifying severe penalties for a broader range of unlawful acts against civil aviation.
• 🛑 The 1988 Protocol Supplementary to the Montreal Convention included specific acts of violence at airports within the scope of punishable offenses.
• 🌐 All contracting states of the ICAO conventions agree to implement severe penalties for identified offenses to uphold international aviation security standards.
• 📚 Annex 17 of the ICAO Convention focuses on security, requiring signatory states to adopt security measures, authorities, programs, and mechanisms.
• 🛠️ Ongoing cooperation and commitment to security involve the development of security systems and procedures through research and collaboration among states.
• ✅ Training programs are essential and mandatory for all signatory states to implement, ensuring the highest standards of aviation security.
• 👮‍♂️ Aircraft commanders have the authority to restrain individuals and maintain order on board to ensure the safety of the aircraft, its passengers, and crew.

Q & A

What is the purpose of the Tokyo Convention of 1963?

The Tokyo Convention of 1963 provides that the state of registry of an aircraft is competent to exercise jurisdiction over offenses and acts committed on board signatory aircraft, particularly in cases of anticipated or actual unlawful seizure of an aircraft in flight.

What obligations do states have under the Tokyo Convention regarding hijackings?

Under the Tokyo Convention, all states party to the convention are obliged to take all appropriate measures to restore and preserve control of the aircraft to its lawful commander in the event of an unlawful seizure.

How does the Hague Convention of 1970 contribute to air transport security?

The Hague Convention of 1970 ensures that acts of unlawful seizure of aircraft and other terrorist acts do not go unpunished by defining these acts and making them subject to severe penalties.

What does the Montreal Convention of 1971 focus on in terms of air transport security?

The Montreal Convention of 1971 amplifies the scope of unlawful acts against the safety of civil aviation, specifying acts that are punishable by severe penalties, focusing mainly on acts other than unlawful seizure of aircraft.

Why was the Protocol Supplementary to the Montreal Convention adopted in 1988?

The Protocol Supplementary to the Montreal Convention was adopted in 1988 to extend the definition of offenses to include specific acts of violence at airports serving the civil aviation community.

What is the role of Annex 17 of the ICAO Convention in air transport security?

Annex 17 of the ICAO Convention deals with security and requires signatory states to adopt security measures, establish security authorities, and implement programs and mechanisms for determining threat levels.

What training programs are required for states under these conventions?

All signatory states are required to implement training programs to enhance understanding and compliance with the security measures outlined in the conventions.

How do states cooperate in the ongoing commitment to air transport security?

Each state is required to cooperate with other states in the research and development of security systems and procedures to better satisfy security objectives.

What powers does the aircraft commander have under the ICAO conventions to ensure safety?

The aircraft commander has the ability to restrain any party on board, maintain good order, and deliver or disembark any person to competent authorities if they believe they are jeopardizing the safety of the aircraft, persons, or property on board.

What assistance can the aircraft commander request from crew and passengers?

While the commander can demand help from a member of the crew, they can only request the aid of a passenger or other non-crew member.

Why is cooperation between signatory states essential for international air transport security?

Cooperation between signatory states is essential to ensure that the highest standards of aviation security apply while maintaining the expeditious nature of air travel.