MASUKNYA AGAMA ISLAM KE INDONESIA

Historic Indonesia

4 Jul 202104:52

Summary

TLDRThis video explores the historical entry of Islam into Indonesia, a religion followed by approximately 87% of the population. It discusses three theories: Gujarat, Mecca, and Persia, each suggesting different origins and influences on the spread of Islam. The Gujarat theory points to 13th-century Indian merchants, supported by evidence like the tombstone of Sultan Malik al-Saleh. The Mecca theory, backed by Buya Hamka, posits 7th-century Arab traders and the influence of Mazhab Syafi'i. Lastly, the Persia theory, supported by Husein Jayadiningrat, attributes the spread to 13th-century Persians, with cultural practices like the Tabot ceremony reflecting Persian traditions. The video invites viewers to learn more and share their insights.

Takeaways

🌐 The script discusses the historical entry of Islam into Indonesia, highlighting the religion's significant presence with about 87% of the population practicing Islam.
📚 It introduces three main theories regarding the spread of Islam in Indonesia: the Gujarat Theory, the Mecca Theory, and the Persia Theory.
🏛️ The Gujarat Theory suggests that Islam was brought to the Indonesian archipelago in the 13th century by Muslim traders from Gujarat, India, supported by historical evidence like the tombstone of Sultan Malik al-Saleh.
🕋 The Mecca Theory, supported by figures like Buya Hamka, posits that Islam was introduced to the region in the 7th century by Arab traders, with evidence including the early Islamic settlement in Baros, West Sumatra.
📜 The Persia Theory, backed by historians such as Husein Jayadiningrat, claims that Persians were instrumental in bringing Islam to Indonesia around the 13th century, with cultural practices like the Tabot ceremony reflecting Persian influence.
📝 The script mentions that the tombstone of Sultan Malik al-Saleh, featuring Gujarat-India script, is considered strong evidence of Gujarat's influence in Aceh.
🧔 Marco Polo's accounts of his visit to Perlak in 1292, where he found a predominantly Muslim population, are cited as supporting the spread of Islam by Indian traders.
📊 The Mecca Theory is distinguished by the early Arab settlers' practice of intermarriage with locals and the spread of the Mazhab Syafi'i, which was prevalent in Mecca and Egypt at the time, contrasting with the Hanafi school prevalent in Gujarat.
🎭 Cultural practices like the Tabot ceremony and the celebration of Maulid Nabi in South Sulawesi show similarities with Persian traditions, supporting the Persia Theory.
🗣️ The script invites viewers to engage in discussion by sharing their thoughts in the comments section, emphasizing the importance of dialogue and diverse perspectives.

Q & A

What is the percentage of the population in Indonesia that practices Islam?
-Approximately 87 percent of the population in Indonesia practices Islam.
What are the three main theories discussed in the script regarding the introduction of Islam to Indonesia?
-The three main theories discussed are the Gujarat Theory, the Mecca Theory, and the Persia Theory.
Who supported the Gujarat Theory and what is the basis of this theory?
-The Gujarat Theory is supported by Snouck Hurgronje and William Shatner. It suggests that Islam was introduced to the Indonesian archipelago around the 13th century by Muslim traders from Gujarat, a region in India.
What are the two pieces of evidence supporting the Gujarat Theory mentioned in the script?
-The two pieces of evidence supporting the Gujarat Theory are the tombstone of Sultan Malik al-Saleh, who died in 1297 and had Gujarat-India style inscriptions, and the writings of Marco Polo, who noted the presence of many Muslims in Perlak during his visit in 1292.
Who supports the Mecca Theory and what does this theory propose?
-The Mecca Theory is supported by Buya Hamka and Den JC Van Leur. It proposes that Islam was introduced to the Indonesian archipelago around the 7th century by Arab traders directly from Mecca.
What is the significance of the Arab settlement in Baros, West Sumatra, according to the Mecca Theory?
-According to the Mecca Theory, the Arab settlement in Baros, West Sumatra in 674 signifies the early presence of Islam in the region, with Arab traders marrying local inhabitants and spreading the religion.
What is the difference between the Mazhab Syafi'i and Mazhab Hanafi mentioned in the script?
-Mazhab Syafi'i and Mazhab Hanafi are two of the four main schools of Islamic jurisprudence. The script suggests that while the Islamic community in Samudra Pasai followed Mazhab Syafi'i, which was prevalent in Egypt and Mecca at the time, the Gujarat region followed Mazhab Hanafi.
Who supports the Persia Theory and what does it propose about the spread of Islam in Indonesia?
-The Persia Theory is supported by Husein Jayadiningrat and Umar Aamir Hussain. It suggests that Islam was introduced to Indonesia by Persians around the 13th century, with the Indonesian archipelago being part of the Persian empire's da'wah (proselytization) and trade operations.
What is the Tabot or Tabuik ceremony mentioned in the script, and how does it relate to the Persia Theory?
-The Tabot or Tabuik ceremony is a ritual celebrated on the 10th of Muharram in Bengkulu and West Sumatra to commemorate the martyrdom of Hasan and Husain, grandsons of Prophet Muhammad. This ceremony, also known as Asyura, is believed to have similarities with Persian traditions, supporting the Persia Theory of Islam's introduction to Indonesia.
What is the Maulid Nabi or Mau Dhu'l-Hijjah festival, and how does it relate to Persian traditions as per the script?
-Maulid Nabi, also known as Mau Dhu'l-Hijjah, is a celebration of the birth of Prophet Muhammad. The script mentions that the celebration in Cikoang, Takalar, South Sulawesi, has elements similar to Persian traditions, further supporting the Persia Theory.

Outlines

00:00

🕌 Introduction to the History of Islam in Indonesia

The video script discusses the historical entry of Islam into Indonesia, a country where Islam is the predominant religion followed by approximately 87% of the population. The script mentions the need to explore theories related to the introduction of Islam, including the Gujarat, Mecca, and Persia theories. The Gujarat theory, supported by historians like Snouck Hurgronje and William Shatner, suggests that Islam was brought to the Indonesian archipelago around the 13th century by Muslim traders from Gujarat, India. Evidence supporting this theory includes the tombstone of Sultan Malik al-Saleh of Samudera Pasai, which has Gujarati-Indian inscriptions, and accounts by Marco Polo, who noted the presence of Islam in Perlak in 1292. The Mecca theory, supported by Buya Hamka and Denys Johnson-Davies, posits that Islam entered Indonesia around the 7th century through Arab traders, with early Islamic settlements in Baros, West Sumatra. The Persia theory, supported by Husein Jayadiningrat and Umar Aamir Hussain, suggests that Islam was introduced by Persians around the 13th century, with evidence including the Tabot ceremony in Bengkulu and West Sumatra, which has similarities to Persian traditions.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Islam

Islam is one of the major world religions, originating on the Arabian Peninsula in the 7th century CE. It is the second-largest religion globally and the largest in Indonesia, with approximately 87% of the population identifying as Muslim. In the video, the discussion revolves around the historical entry of Islam into Indonesia and its subsequent spread across the archipelago.

💡Gujarat Theory

The Gujarat Theory is one of the theories discussed in the video regarding the introduction of Islam to Indonesia. It suggests that Islam was brought to the region by Muslim traders from Gujarat, a region in India, around the 13th century. This theory is supported by historical evidence such as the tombstone of Sultan Malik al-Saleh, which has Gujarati inscriptions, indicating the influence of Gujarat in Aceh.

💡Mecca Theory

The Mecca Theory posits that Islam was introduced to Indonesia directly by Arab traders as early as the 7th century. This theory is supported by the existence of an Islamic settlement in Baros, West Sumatra, in 674, and the intermarriage of Arab traders with local populations, which facilitated the spread of Islam. The video mentions that according to this theory, the Sultan of Pasai used the title 'Al Malik,' common in Egypt at the time, and followed the Mazhab Syafi'i, which was prominent in Mecca and Egypt.

💡Persian Theory

The Persian Theory is another hypothesis discussed in the video, which claims that Islam was brought to Indonesia by Persians around the 13th century. This theory is supported by cultural practices such as the 'Tabot' ceremony, celebrated annually in Bengkulu and West Sumatra, which shares similarities with Persian traditions. The celebration is in honor of Hasan and Husain, the grandsons of the Prophet Muhammad, and is also known as the 'Ashura' celebration.

💡Mazhab

Mazhab, or madhhab in Arabic, refers to one of the major schools of jurisprudence in Sunni Islam, each with its own methodology for interpreting the religious texts. The video mentions that the Mazhab Syafi'i was practiced in Samudra Pasai, influenced by Mecca and Egypt, while the Mazhab Hanafi was prevalent in Gujarat. These mazhabs differ in their legal rulings and practices within Islam.

💡Sultan Malik al-Saleh

Sultan Malik al-Saleh was a historical figure whose tombstone, with Gujarati inscriptions, serves as evidence supporting the Gujarat Theory of the spread of Islam in Indonesia. His tombstone is mentioned in the video as a strong indicator of Gujarat's influence in Aceh.

💡Marco Polo

Marco Polo was a Venetian merchant and explorer whose accounts of his travels provide insights into the spread of Islam. The video references Marco Polo's visit to Perlak in 1292, where he observed a significant Muslim population, indicating the presence of Islam in the region during that time.

💡Aceh

Aceh is a province at the northern tip of Sumatra, Indonesia. In the context of the video, Aceh is highlighted as an area where Gujarati influence was evident through the tombstone of Sultan Malik al-Saleh, suggesting that Aceh was an early center for the spread of Islam in Indonesia.

💡Nusantara

Nusantara is an old Javanese term for the Indonesian archipelago. The video discusses the theories of how Islam spread to Nusantara, indicating the geographical scope of the discussion and the historical significance of the region in the spread of the religion.

💡Ashura

Ashura is a religious observance in Islam that commemorates the martyrdom of Husayn ibn Ali, the grandson of Muhammad, at the Battle of Karbala. The video mentions the celebration of Ashura in Indonesia, particularly in Bengkulu and West Sumatra, as part of the Persian Theory of the spread of Islam.

💡Maulid Nabi

Maulid Nabi, also known as Mawlid, is the observance of the birth of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The video discusses how the celebration of Maulid Nabi in Indonesia, such as in Takalar, South Sulawesi, shares similarities with Persian traditions, supporting the Persian Theory of Islam's introduction to the region.

Highlights

Historic discussion on the introduction of Islam to Indonesia.

Islam is the dominant religion in Indonesia, practiced by around 87% of the population.

The process of Islam's introduction to Indonesia is discussed.

The Gujarat Theory suggests Islam arrived in the 13th century via Gujarati Muslim traders.

The Mecca Theory posits that Islam was introduced in the 7th century by Arab traders.

The Persian Theory claims that Islam was brought to Indonesia by Persians in the 13th century.

Evidence supporting the Gujarat Theory includes the tombstone of Sultan Malik al-Saleh.

Marco Polo's accounts of his visit to Perlak in 1292 mention a significant Muslim population.

The Mecca Theory is supported by the presence of early Islamic settlements in Baros, West Sumatra.

The Persian Theory is supported by the practice of Tabot or Tabuik ceremonies in Bengkulu and West Sumatra.

The Tabot ceremony commemorates the martyrdom of Hasan and Husain, grandsons of Prophet Muhammad.

Islamic legal schools, or mazhab, are discussed, with differences between the Gujarat and Mecca Theories highlighted.

The Mazhab Syafi'i is mentioned as being practiced in Samudra Pasai, aligning with Egyptian and Mecca practices.

Persian influence is also seen in the Maulid Nabi celebrations in South Sulawesi.

The discussion aims to provide insight into the historical spread of Islam in Indonesia.

Encouragement for viewers to share their thoughts and opinions in the comments section.