Sejarah Kerajaan Aceh : Puncak Kejayaan hingga Masa Keruntuhan
Summary
TLDRThe Aceh Sultanate, an Islamic kingdom established around 1496 in Banda Aceh, Sumatra, originated from the union of the Lamuri and Aceh kingdoms through royal marriage. It expanded to unite the region from Daya to Nakhon Si Thammarat. Under Sultan Iskandar Muda (1607-1636), the kingdom reached its peak, rejecting foreign collaboration and strengthening its military. Known as the 'Verandah of Mecca,' it significantly influenced Islamic culture in the Malay Archipelago. However, after Iskandar Muda's death, the kingdom declined, eventually succumbing to Dutch colonization in 1873 after a 30-year war, marking the end of the Aceh Sultanate.
Takeaways
- 🏛️ The Aceh Sultanate was an Islamic kingdom established around 1496 in Banda Aceh, referring to the Sumatra region in the sixteenth century.
- 🌍 It originated from the union of two previous kingdoms, Lamuri and Aceh, through the marriage of their rulers, leading to the creation of the Sultanate of Aceh Darussalam.
- 👑 Ali Mughayat Syah was the first ruler of Aceh, serving from 1496 to 1530, and was a strong proponent of Islam as the foundation of the kingdom.
- 📚 The Aceh Sultanate experienced a golden era under the rule of Sultan Iskandar Muda from 1607 to 1636, who was known for his strong rejection of foreign influence and exploitation.
- ⛩️ The kingdom expanded its territory significantly under Iskandar Muda, including parts of the Malay Peninsula and much of Sumatra, earning the region the nickname 'Serambi Mekkah'.
- 🛡️ Sultan Iskandar Muda built a powerful military force equipped with advanced weaponry, including cannons, to deter foreign powers such as the Portuguese, Dutch, and English.
- 🔄 Despite the initial success in resisting foreign influence, the Aceh Sultanate began to decline after Iskandar Muda's death, with his successors less capable of maintaining the kingdom's grandeur.
- 🗺️ The decline of the Aceh Sultanate made it more susceptible to foreign influence, and it eventually became a target for Western powers, leading to the signing of treaties like the Treaty of London and the Treaty of Sumatra.
- 🏰 The Dutch declared war on the Sultan of Aceh in 1873, leading to the Aceh War which lasted for thirty years and resulted in the end of the Sultanate.
- 🏺 The last Sultan of Aceh, Sultan Muhammad Daud Syah, was forced to acknowledge Dutch sovereignty, and Aceh was administratively incorporated into the Dutch East Indies, which became the precursor to modern Indonesia.
- 🏛️ Remnants of the Aceh Sultanate's grandeur can still be seen today, such as the Grand Mosque of Baiturrahman in Banda Aceh, the Taman Sari, and the Sultan Iskandar Muda's mausoleum, reflecting the kingdom's rich history and cultural influence.
Q & A
When was the Aceh Sultanate established?
-The Aceh Sultanate was established around 1496 Masehi in Banda, Aceh Darussalam.
What is the historical significance of the Aceh Sultanate's location?
-The Aceh Sultanate was located on the Sumatra peninsula and was significant as it expanded to unite areas from Daya Pedir to Nakur.
How did the Aceh Sultanate come into existence?
-The Aceh Sultanate was formed from the union of two previous kingdoms, Lamuri and Aceh, through the marriage alliance between the King of Lamori and the Princess of Aceh.
Who was the first ruler of the Aceh Sultanate?
-The first ruler of the Aceh Sultanate was Ali Mughayat Syah, who ruled from 1496 to 1530 Masehi.
What was the peak period of the Aceh Sultanate?
-The Aceh Sultanate experienced its golden age under the rule of Sultan Iskandar Muda from 1607 to 1636 Masehi.
How did Sultan Iskandar Muda respond to foreign offers of cooperation?
-Sultan Iskandar Muda strongly rejected foreign offers of cooperation and was aware of their attempts to exploit his resources.
What was the military strength of the Aceh Sultanate under Sultan Iskandar Muda?
-The military strength of the Aceh Sultanate was very strong, equipped with advanced weapons including cannons, and they successfully defended against attempts by the Portuguese, Dutch, and English to seize power.
What was the cultural impact of the Aceh Sultanate during Sultan Iskandar Muda's reign?
-During Sultan Iskandar Muda's reign, the Aceh Sultanate had a significant impact on the Islamic culture applied in the society, leading to the region being called the 'Serambi Mekkah'.
What happened to the Aceh Sultanate after Sultan Iskandar Muda's death?
-After Sultan Iskandar Muda's death in December 1636, his successors were less capable of maintaining the greatness of the Aceh Sultanate, which began to decline and became more susceptible to foreign influence.
How did the Aceh Sultanate come under foreign control?
-The Aceh Sultanate eventually became a target for foreign powers. The Dutch declared war on the Sultan of Aceh, leading to the Aceh War which lasted for thirty years and ended the sultanate.
What is the legacy of the Aceh Sultanate that can still be seen today?
-The legacy of the Aceh Sultanate can be seen in many historical sites such as the Baiturrahman Grand Mosque in Banda Aceh, Taman Sari, Gunongan Benteng Indrapatra, and the tomb of Sultan Iskandar Muda.
Outlines
🏰 Founding and Expansion of Aceh Sultanate
The Aceh Sultanate was an Islamic kingdom established around 1496 in Banda Aceh, on the Sumatra peninsula, known as Aceh Darussalam. It originated from the union of two previous kingdoms, Lamuri and Aceh, through a marriage alliance between the Lamori king and the Aceh princess. The kingdom expanded to unite the region from Daya Pedir to Nakhon Si Thammarat. The first ruler of the Aceh Sultanate was Ali Mughayat Syah, who reigned from 1496 to 1530. The kingdom continued to thrive under subsequent rulers, including Sultan Iskandar Muda, who led from 1607 to 1636. During his reign, the kingdom experienced a golden age, with Iskandar Muda famously rejecting foreign collaboration and strengthening the military with advanced weaponry. The kingdom's influence extended over the Malay Peninsula, including Johor, Perak, Melaka, Kedah, and parts of Sumatra, earning the region the nickname 'Serambi Mekkah.' After Iskandar Muda's death, the kingdom began to decline, and it eventually became a target for Western powers. The Dutch, through the Treaty of London and the Treaty of Sumatra, sought to claim Aceh, leading to the Aceh War, which lasted for thirty years and ended with the Dutch establishing control over the region in 1873.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Aceh
💡Aceh Darussalam
💡Sultan Iskandar Muda
💡Islamic
💡Sultanate
💡Sumatra
💡European powers
💡Masjid Baiturrahman
💡Serambi Mekkah
💡Perang Sabi
💡Hikayat Aceh
Highlights
The Aceh government was an Islamic kingdom established in Banda, Aceh Darussalam around 1496.
It was located on the Sumatra Emily peninsula during the sixteenth century.
The kingdom was founded in the area of the Lamuri kingdom and expanded to unite the region of Daya Pedir Lidi to Nakur.
Aceh Darussalam was born from the union of two previous kingdoms, Lamori and Aceh, through a marriage alliance.
After officially merging, the kingdom created a new power known as the Sultanate of Aceh.
The first ruler of Aceh was Ali Mughayat Syah, who served from 1496 to 1530.
The lineage of Aceh's rulers continued from Ali Mughayat Syah's son, Salahudin, to Sultan Iskandar Muda.
Sultan Iskandar Muda ruled from 1607 to 1636 and was known for his strong rejection of foreign cooperation.
He was aware of foreign tricks to exploit his resources, and thus, he did not allow any foreign cooperation.
Sultan Iskandar Muda built a strong military force equipped with advanced weapons, including cannons.
Despite attempts by Portugal, the Netherlands, and England to seize power in Aceh, they eventually chose to shift their focus to Java and Maluku.
Under Sultan Iskandar Muda's rule, Aceh Darussalam expanded its territory, including parts of the Malay Peninsula and most of Sumatra.
The region was heavily influenced by Islamic culture, earning the nickname 'Serambi Mekkah'.
After Sultan Iskandar Muda's death in December 1636, his successors were less capable of maintaining the greatness of the Aceh kingdom.
The once-great Aceh kingdom began to decline and became more susceptible to foreign influence.
The Dutch eventually declared war on the Aceh Sultanate, leading to the Aceh War which lasted for thirty years.
The last Sultan of Aceh, Sultan Muhammad Daud Syah, was forced to acknowledge Dutch sovereignty over Aceh.
After the war, Aceh was administratively incorporated into the Dutch East Indies, which became the ancestor of modern Indonesia.
The grandeur of the Aceh kingdom can still be seen through many historical sites, such as the Baiturrahman Grand Mosque in Banda Aceh.
Other remnants of the Aceh kingdom include the Taman Sari, Gunongan Benteng Indrapatra, and the tomb of Sultan Iskandar Muda.
The Aceh kingdom's legacy is also preserved in the Hikayat Aceh, a historical narrative of the region.
Transcripts
di kerajaan Aceh merupakan kerajaan
bercorak Islam yang berdiri di Banda
Aceh Darussalam sekitar 1496 Masehi ia
merujuk pada Sumatera Emily pensula
sixteenth Century dalam digital atlas of
Indonesia the story kerajaan ini pun
didirikan di wilayah kerajaan lamuri dan
mengalami ekspansi hingga menyatukan
kawasan daya pedir lidi sampai dengan
nakur
kerajaan di Tanah Rencong ini terlahir
dari Gabungan dua kerajaan sebelumnya
yaitu lamori dan Aceh atas dasar ikatan
pernikahan antara raja lamori dengan
Putri Raja Aceh setelah resmi bergabung
kerajaan ikut menciptakan kekuasaan baru
dengan sebutan kesultanan Aceh
Darussalam
Sejak pertama berdirinya kesultanan Aceh
memang sudah lebih dulu berlandaskan
ajaran Islam pegaga sekaligus pendiri
dari Kerajaan Aceh yang sekaligus
menjabat sebagai seorang raja pertama
yaitu Ali mughayat Syah pada 1496 hingga
1530 masehi free generasi pemimpin untuk
kerajaan Aceh ini terus berlanjut mulai
dari Putra Ali mughayat Syah yaitu
Salahudin sampai berlanjut ke tangan
Sultan Iskandar Muda
1607 hingga 16 36 masehi
menurut buku kerajaan Aceh zaman Sultan
Iskandar Muda pada tahun 2008 karya
Denis Robert kesultanan Aceh Darussalam
mengalami era kejayaan di masa
kepemimpinan Iskandar Muda pada saat itu
Sultan Iskandar Muda sangat menolak
keras bentuk kerjasama yang ditawarkan
oleh asing Bahkan ia sudah paham segera
trik asing yang berupaya memanfaatkan
sumberdaya miliknya
sejumlah tawaran kerjasama pun mulai
berdatangan oleh dari Inggris Portugis
sampai dengan Belanda namun tidak ada
satupun yang diizinkan kekuatan
militernya dibangun sangat kuat dan
dibekali senjata-senjata canggih
termasuk meriam siasat tersebut yang
dilakukan oleh Portugis Belanda sampai
dengan Inggris untuk merebut kekuasaan
Aceh dibuat kira-kira sampai akhirnya
mereka memilih untuk mengganti wilayah
yang berimbas ke pulau Jawa dan Maluku
pada Kekuasaan Sultan Iskandar Muda ini
dinilai cukup sukses dalam memperluas
wilayah kekuasaan Aceh Darussalam
termasuk wilayah Semenanjung Malaya yang
meliputi Johor perak Melaka Kedah petani
sampai dengan wilayah sebagian besar di
daerah Sumatera pada periode Iskandar
Muda ini juga berpengaruh besar pada
kebudayaan Islam yang diterapkan dalam
kehidupan masyarakatnya sampai-sampai
daerah ini mendapatkan julukan sebagai
Serambi Mekkah
merujuk dari situs Pemprov Aceh usai
Sultan Iskandar Muda wafat pada Desember
1636 para penggantinya kurang mampu
mempertahankan kebesaran kerajaan Aceh
redupkan Aceh yang sempat dijadikan
salah satu kerajaan terbesar di Asia
Tenggara mulai melemah dan semakin mudah
dipengaruhi oleh luar kesultanan Aceh
Darussalam kemudian terus menjadi
incaran asing Ketika bangsa barat mulai
dengan perjanjian traktat London traktat
Sumatra jika penguasa bangsa asing ini
untuk mendapatkan Aceh menjadi lebih
nyata tepatnya pada 26 Mar
1873 pada saat Belanda menyatakan perang
kepada Sultan Aceh Perang Sabi
berlangsung selama tiga puluh tahun itu
membuat kesultanan Aceh berakhir Sultan
Aceh terakhir yaitu Sultan Muhammad Daud
Syah terpaksa harus mengakui kedaulatan
Belanda di Aceh setelah kejadian itu
wilayah Aceh masuk secara administratif
ke India Timur Belanda dan menjadi
Hindia Belanda sebagai nenek moyang
Indonesia kebesaran kerajaan Aceh bisa
kita lihat dari banyak jejak peninggalan
dari Kerajaan Aceh yang masih bertahan
dan bisa dilihat sekarang ini boleh di
Masjid Baiturrahman di Banda Aceh Taman
Sari gunongan benteng indrapatra Maryam
kesultanan Aceh makam Sultan Iskandar
Muda uang emas kerajaan Aceh sampai
dengan Hikayat Aceh merupakan Astra
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