THE FIRST VOYAGE AROUND THE WORD: THE MAGALLAN AND ELCANO EXPEDITION
Summary
TLDRThe Maggianocano expedition, led by Portuguese explorer Francisco de Magallanes and completed by Juan Sebastian El Cano, achieved the first circumnavigation of the globe. The journey, marked by mutiny, shipwrecks, and the death of Magallanes, faced immense hardships including hunger and scurvy. The expedition's success not only proved the Earth's roundness but also opened new maritime routes, with the surviving crew bringing valuable spices from the East Indies, securing a 4% profit on their return to Spain.
Takeaways
- 🌍 The Maggianocano expedition, led by Francisco de Magallanes and completed by Juan Sebastian El Cano, was the first recorded voyage around the world.
- 🚢 The expedition began with five ships and 245 men, representing various nationalities, setting sail from Seville on August 10, 1519.
- 📜 Two key testimonials of the journey are the logbook kept by the Greek sailor Francisco de Albor and the account written by Italian explorer Antonio Pigafetta.
- 🌊 The fleet faced numerous challenges, including calms, bad weather, and internal disputes, which led to a mutiny and the execution of some crew members.
- 🛳️ The San Antonio abandoned the expedition, and the Santiago was shipwrecked, leaving three ships to continue the journey.
- 🗺️ The Strait of Magellan was crossed, leading the fleet into the Pacific Ocean, which they named due to the calm weather they experienced.
- 🏝️ The expedition reached the Philippines, where Magellan was killed in the Battle of Mactan, and later the Spice Islands, their original objective.
- 🌿 The crew faced extreme hunger and scurvy during the Pacific crossing, resorting to eating sawdust, rats, and leather to survive.
- ⚓️ The Victoria, under El Cano's command, was the only ship to complete the circumnavigation, proving the Earth's roundness and avoiding Portuguese territories.
- 🌴 The Victoria returned to Spain with 18 survivors and a valuable cargo of spices, which more than covered the expedition's costs and yielded a profit.
Q & A
Who were the leaders of the first voyage around the world?
-The voyage was initiated by the Portuguese explorer Francisco de Magallanes and completed by the Basque adventurer Juan Sebastian El Cano.
What was the significance of the Magellan-El Cano expedition?
-The expedition was significant as it was the first circumnavigation of the world, proving that the Earth was indeed round and opening new maritime routes for trade.
What was the primary objective of the expedition?
-The primary objective was to find a new maritime route to the Spice Islands, also known as the Maluku Islands, to facilitate trade with the East Indies.
How many ships and crew members were part of the expedition when it set sail from Seville?
-The expedition set sail from Seville with five ships and a total of 245 men on board.
What challenges did the crew face during the Pacific crossing?
-During the Pacific crossing, the crew faced extreme hunger and scurvy, leading to the consumption of sawdust, rats, and leather from the rigging.
How did Magellan die during the expedition?
-Magellan died during the Battle of Mactan in the Philippines while fighting against the local islanders.
What happened to the ships and crew after Magellan's death?
-After Magellan's death, the crew decided to burn the Concepción, and later, the Trinidad was abandoned due to a leak. The Victoria, under the command of El Cano, continued the journey back to Spain.
Why did El Cano decide to sail far from the coast on the return voyage?
-El Cano sailed far from the coast to avoid being captured by the Portuguese, as they were in areas controlled by Portugal, which could have resulted in imprisonment or death.
How many crew members survived the entire journey and returned to Spain?
-Out of the 245 men who embarked on the expedition, only 18 survived and returned to Spain on board the Victoria.
What was the ultimate outcome of the expedition in terms of profit and discovery?
-The expedition was profitable, with the valuable cargo of spices more than covering the cost of the trip and yielding a profit of four percent. It also resulted in the discovery of new lands and the confirmation of the Earth's round shape.
Outlines
🌍 The First Voyage Around the World
The script details the first circumnavigation of the world, led by Portuguese explorer Francisco de Magallanes and completed by Basque navigator Juan Sebastian El Cano. The journey began with the Maggianocano expedition, which was a monumental maritime adventure. The expedition faced numerous challenges, including mutinies and shipwrecks, and was documented by Greek sailor Francisco de Albor and Italian explorer Antonio Pigafetta. The voyage was initiated due to the closure of the Silk Road by the Turks, prompting Spain and Portugal to seek alternative maritime routes to the East. The expedition set sail from Seville with five ships and 245 men of diverse nationalities, aiming to find a new route to the Spice Islands. The journey spanned across three oceans and resulted in the discovery of the Pacific Ocean and the eventual return to Spain with only 18 survivors, proving the Earth's roundness and opening new trade routes.
🛶 Trials and Triumphs of the Magellan-El Cano Expedition
The script narrates the hardships and triumphs of the Magellan-El Cano expedition as they navigated unknown waters. After reaching the River Plate and enduring a mutiny, the expedition lost ships and crew members. Magellan was killed in the Battle of Mactan, and the remaining crew faced starvation and scurvy during their Pacific crossing. The Victoria, under El Cano's command, reached the Spice Islands and loaded spices, which were highly profitable upon return. The return journey was fraught with danger, including avoiding Portuguese territories and a near-encounter with Australia. The Victoria, with only 18 survivors, completed the first circumnavigation, arriving in Spain and confirming the Earth's roundness. The expedition's success was bittersweet, with a high cost in human lives but significant gains in geographical knowledge and trade opportunities.
📜 Final Accounts and Legacy of the First Global Voyage
The final paragraph of the script highlights the aftermath of the first voyage around the world, emphasizing the successful return of the Victoria and the letter written by Juan Sebastian El Cano to Emperor Carlos the First. The cargo of spices brought back from the Spice Islands more than covered the expedition's costs, yielding a profit of four percent. El Cano's letter to the Emperor underscores the historical significance of the voyage, which not only proved the Earth's roundness but also opened up new possibilities for global exploration and trade. The paragraph concludes with a reflection on the enduring impact of this pioneering journey on the world's understanding of its geography and the potential for global connectivity.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Magellanic Expedition
💡First Circumnavigation
💡Victoria
💡Silk Road
💡Spice Islands
💡Mutiny
💡Pacific Ocean
💡Scurvy
💡Treaty of Tordesillas
💡Circumnavigation Proof
Highlights
The Magellano-Elcano expedition was the first circumnavigation of the world, marking the greatest maritime adventure of all time.
The journey was initiated by Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan and completed by the Basque adventurer Juan Sebastian Elcano.
Only two testimonials from the 18 survivors of the expedition provide detailed accounts of the voyage.
Greek sailor Francisco de Albor, an expert helmsman, kept a faultless log of the journey, noting the latitude and course taken.
Italian explorer Antonio Pigafetta wrote a first-person detailed account of everything that happened during the three-year expedition.
The expedition's original goal was to find a new maritime route to the Spice Islands, also known as the Maluku Islands, in the Indonesian archipelago.
The fleet set sail from Seville on August 10, 1519, with five ships and a crew of 245 men from various nationalities.
The crossing of the Magellan Straits took almost a month, and on November 28, 1520, the fleet entered the Pacific Ocean.
During the Pacific crossing, many crew members died from hunger and scurvy, forcing the survivors to eat sawdust, rats, and leather.
Magellan died in the Battle of Mactan in the Philippines on April 27, 1521, leading to Elcano taking command of the expedition.
Elcano led the expedition to the Spice Islands, where they loaded the ships with valuable spices, especially cloves.
The Victoria, under Elcano's command, completed the first circumnavigation of the Earth, proving that the world was round.
The return voyage involved great risks, including evading Portuguese-controlled areas and navigating without stopovers.
The expedition successfully returned to Spain on September 6, 1522, with only 18 survivors, fulfilling their promise to sail around the world.
The valuable cargo of spices brought back by the Victoria more than covered the cost of the expedition, yielding a profit of four percent.
Transcripts
the first voyage around the world the
maggianocano expedition
it was the greatest Maritime adventure
of all time a human Saga started by the
Portuguese explorer Francisco de
magallanes
and finished by The Basque Adventurer
from guitaria Juan Sebastian El Cano
completing in the now Victoria the first
ever circumnavigation of the world
was the inscription that the king gave
to elkano and his coat of arms together
with the spices that they brought from
the East Indies
from this great journey two testimonials
out of the 18 men who made it back have
allowed us to know in detail the
circumstances in which it happened
the great feat of the Greek sailor
Francisco de albor expert Helmsman on
the now Victoria trusted by Maggiano's
and right-hand man to El Cano who kept
the onboard log which was technically
faultless keeping a note of their
latitude during the whole journey as
well as the course they took
another very important testimonial was
that of Antonia bigafetta an Italian
explorer and writer who wrote in first
person a detailed account of everything
that happened during the three years of
the expedition
amongst other documents that illustrate
the journey there are those of the sale
The Cabin Boy Martin
or the letter that El Cano wrote to
Carlos the First on completing the
voyage
in the year 1453 the Turks took
Constantinople and so closed the Silk
Road and commerce with the East to the
Christian and Western world
therefore Spain and Portugal started
looking for an alternative Maritime
route to get there
the Portuguese looked for the Spice
Islands also known as the malukas
islands sailing in parallel to the
African continent
1498 the Portuguese sailor Vasco de Gama
got to India and in 1512 the Portuguese
reached the malukas and started trading
with spices
meanwhile Spain continued to advance in
America and searched for the passage to
the East and The New Southern Ocean
discovered by the Spanish explorer and
conqueror Nunez de Balboa namely the
Pacific Ocean
Fernando de magallanes presented his
project to his King Manuel the first to
Portugal and on not receiving the
compensation he thought he deserved he
decided to offer it to another king
it would be the young Spanish Monarch
who would accept and organize the fleet
through the house of hiring for India in
Seville
the Portuguese sailor wasn't intending
to sail around the world but to find a
new route and show who the malacca's
Islands located in the Indonesian
archipelago belonged to according to the
Treaty of toradice
on the 10th of August 1519 five ships
set sail from severe
the lead ship was the Trinidad and it
was accompanied by the San Antonio the
Concepcion Victoria and the Santiago
245 men in total were enlisted not only
Spaniards but also Portuguese Italians
British Greeks and Flemish
in the majority of cases they were
expert Maritime professionals with big
ambitions
the basis of their seafaring diet was
biscuits cake and wine
they also took live animals on board
with them such as cows and pigs
the cost of the expedition was estimated
at 8 million maravedi an absolute
Fortune at that time
the Victorious thought to travel 70 000
kilometers sailing in three oceans the
Atlantic the Pacific and the Indian
after leaving Sevilla they stayed a
month at San Lucas
on 20th of September 1519 the embarked
on their Adventure
they stopped off in Tenerife and then
magayanes decided on a southern course
who was remaining parallel to the
African Coast towards the Gulf of Guinea
they immediately suffered from great
calms days when they didn't Advance at
all
moreover due to the bad weather and the
refusal of magayanas to share his
decisions with those he was obliged to
by order of the king namely Juan de
Cartagena the disagreement started
almost four months after setting sail
they finally cited American land
arriving at the coast of what is today
the city of Rio De Janeiro
the fleet reached the River Plate and
followed the American Coast to the South
each entrance and Inlet to the West Was
a possible passage to the Pacific Ocean
their first objective which had to be
explored
They carried on sailing until they
reached what they call the Port of San
Julian in the south of Argentina where
magayanes decided to spend the winter
suffering from food shortages and poor
weather
two days after this a mutiny happened
when some officers demanded to continue
looking for the Straits and others to
head for the Cape of Good Hope via the
Portuguese route without docking
magayanes put this Mutiny down in no
uncertain terms ordering the arrests and
execution of Gaspar de quesada
Mendoza at the same time leaving behind
Juan de Cartagena and the cleric Pedro
Sanchez De La Reina
in the port of Santa Cruz the Santiago
became Shipwrecked when it ran aground
on the coast and the San Antonio
abandoned the Expedition and returned to
Spain with 50 of the sailors
the crossing of The magayan Straits took
almost a month and finally on the 28th
of November 1520 they sailed out into
the ocean they named the Pacific as on
that day by chance there were no storms
and the wind was always favorable
during the voyage in the Pacific that
lasted three months many of the crew
died due to hunger and scurvy
they ended up eating sawdust rats and
leather from the rigging
they reached the Philippines on the 27th
of April 1521 and in the Battle of
macdan fighting against the Islanders
magayanas died
after his and many other Sailors deaths
the small crew Left Alive decided to
burn the conception
it was in Borneo where Juan Lopez
caravallo who was then the captain was
Tried by his Shipmates who decided to
replace him with Gonzalo Gomez de
Espinosa captain of the Trinidad and
Juan Sebastian El Cano captain of the
Victoria
the Expedition continued and finally on
the 8th of November 1521 they reached
the Spice Islands the original objective
of the voyage where they loaded up on
the coveted spaces especially clothes
which would sell at a high price on
their return to Spain
just when they're about to depart the
Trinidad sprang a leak so the captain
Gonzalo Gomez the Espinosa decided to
stay behind to repair the ship and tried
to return by a gang crossing the Pacific
Ocean to Panama where they hoped to get
help from other Spaniards
to avoid the risk of being discovered by
the Portuguese it would be El Cano
captaining the Victoria who would
continue with the original plan of
returning via the Indian Ocean
therefore conceiving the first voyage
around the world and proving through
facts that the Earth was indeed round
however this option involved the risk of
entering the areas controlled by the
Portuguese which forced them to avoid
ducking and to travel halfway around the
world without stopovers
they knew that if they were caught
prison or death awaited them which is
why arcano decided to always sail far
from the coast
on the return Voyage of Spain they
passed close to Australia so almost
discovered it by chance
they managed to round the Cape of Good
Hope despite the Mast and for sale
breaking in two
in the Atlantic they were able to sail
quicker but the arduousness of the
journey and the lack of supplies
continued to take that toll
they decided therefore to dock in the
islands of Cape Verde where the
Portuguese arrested 13 crew members and
elkano had to make a swift Escape
on the 6th of September 1522 the
Victoria arrived at San Lucado de
parameda in Cadiz and it was towed at
the guadalcavir to Sevilla where the 18
survivors disembarked Barefoot carrying
candles in their hands in A procession
thus fulfilling their promise they had
become the first vessel in history to
travel around the world
elkano and his men had crossed the three
main oceans on the planet the Atlantic
the Pacific and the Indian
of those 245 men who departed from
severe excluding those 50 who deserted
and returned to Spain in the San Antonio
and the 13 arrested in Cape Verde
finally only 18 men made it back on
board the Victoria
of the Shipmates on the Trinidad only
four managed to make it back years later
the valuable cargo of spice is more than
covered the cost of the trip and made
profits of four percent
[Music]
Juan Sebastian elkano wrote to Emperor
Carlos the first
and as your majesty will know
that which we should most esteem and
hold on to is that we have discovered
and traveled around the whole of the
world going to the west and returning
from the East
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