G7 Declining of Mangrove Community in Malaysia

Summary

The script discusses the importance of mangrove ecosystems, highlighting their role in coastal protection, biodiversity, and economic benefits. It focuses on the decline of mangrove forests in Malaysia due to human activities such as pollution, tourism, and deforestation. The Mantan Mangrove Forest Reserve and Redang Island are used as examples, showing how contamination and unregulated tourism harm these ecosystems. Proposed solutions include stricter regulations, reducing tourist capacity, replanting mangroves, and holding developers accountable. The script emphasizes the need for community responsibility and government intervention to protect and restore these vital habitats.

Takeaways

• 🌳 **Mangrove Ecosystems**: Mangroves are trees that thrive in coastal intertidal zones, particularly in hot countries. They form a unique ecosystem with a rich biodiversity.
• 📍 **Geographical Distribution**: In Malaysia, mangroves are spread across 630,188 hectares, with significant portions in Sabah (26%), Sarawak (13%), and Peninsular Malaysia.
• 🌿 **Examples of Mangrove Forests**: Notable mangrove forests in Peninsular Malaysia include the Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve and the Kuala Selangor Nature Park.
• 🐉 **Biodiversity**: Mangrove forests support a vast array of species, including algae, crustaceans, fish, birds, and mammals, contributing to a complex food web.
• 🔍 **Ecological Importance**: These forests play a crucial role in water filtration, coastal protection, and providing habitats for various species.
• 📉 **Decline of Mangroves**: Mangrove communities are facing a significant decline due to human activities and rapid economic development, leading to a reduction in shoreline length.
• 🚨 **Environmental Impact**: The decline of mangroves can lead to soil erosion and loss of habitat for many species, impacting the overall health of coastal ecosystems.
• 🌊 **Contamination Issues**: Pollution, particularly from human settlements and tourism, has led to contamination of water and sediments in mangrove areas, posing health risks.
• 🏞️ **Tourism Development**: Unregulated tourism development in areas like Redang Island has resulted in deforestation and increased sedimentation, harming mangrove ecosystems.
• 🛠️ **Solutions**: Addressing the decline of mangroves requires responsible actions from local communities, government monitoring, and enforcement, as well as corporate accountability in development practices.

Q & A

What is a mangrove ecosystem?

A mangrove ecosystem is a group of trees and other organisms that live in the coastal intertidal zone, characterized by a unique ability to survive in harsh, saline environments.

In which regions of Malaysia are mangrove forests predominantly found?

In Malaysia, mangrove forests are predominantly found in Sabah, Sarawak, and Peninsular Malaysia, with significant distributions in all coastal states.

What are the two examples of mangrove forests mentioned in Peninsular Malaysia?

The two examples of mangrove forests mentioned in Peninsular Malaysia are the Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve in Kota Kinabalu and the Kuala Selangor Nature Park.

Why are mangrove forests considered high productivity ecosystems?

Mangrove forests are considered high productivity ecosystems due to their ability to support a wide range of biodiversity, including hundreds of species of algae, mollusks, crustaceans, fish, birds, and mammals.

What are the threats to the mangrove ecosystem mentioned in the script?

The threats to the mangrove ecosystem mentioned include contamination from various types of potential human bacterial pathogens, ongoing tourism development, and large amounts of sedimentation.

How does contamination affect the mangrove ecosystem?

Contamination affects the mangrove ecosystem by introducing harmful bacteria and pathogens into the water and sediments, which can lead to health risks for both wildlife and humans, and disrupt the natural balance of the ecosystem.

What is the significance of the Mantanani Island Mangrove Forest Reserve?

The Mantanani Island Mangrove Forest Reserve is significant because it is a well-managed mangrove forest that has been under scientific management since the beginning of the 20th century and is considered one of the best-managed mangrove forests in the world.

What are the consequences of tourism development on Redang Island?

The consequences of tourism development on Redang Island include the decrease in the population of mangrove trees due to deforestation for resort construction and increased sedimentation in the sea, which can negatively impact marine life and the overall ecosystem.

What solutions are proposed to address the decline of mangrove communities?

The proposed solutions to address the decline of mangrove communities include responsible local integration to prevent further contamination, government monitoring and enforcement against polluters, and shareholder oversight of development activities to ensure environmental conservation.

What role does the government play in preserving mangrove ecosystems?

The government plays a crucial role in preserving mangrove ecosystems by monitoring and taking action against individuals or companies causing contamination, enforcing strict laws to protect the environment, and working with stakeholders to implement conservation measures.

Outlines

00:00

🌳 Mangrove Ecosystems and Their Decline

The paragraph discusses the unique characteristics of mangrove trees and their ecosystems, which are found in coastal intertidal zones, particularly in Malaysia. It highlights the high productivity of these ecosystems, covering 630,1883 hectares across the country, with significant distributions in Sabah, Sarawak, and Peninsular Malaysia. The paragraph also mentions the Setiu Wetland, Kuala Selangor Nature Park, and the challenges faced by these ecosystems, such as contamination and sedimentation due to human activities. The decline in mangrove communities is a pressing issue, with shorelines reducing from 198 km in 1982 to 158 km in 2019, and it is predicted to further decrease. The paragraph concludes by emphasizing the importance of mangroves for timber, fishery, and as a habitat for various species, and the need for conservation efforts.

05:01

🐠 Impact of Contamination and Tourism on Mangroves

This paragraph delves into the specific issues of contamination and tourism development affecting mangrove ecosystems. It describes how contamination from human settlements and activities can lead to health risks due to the presence of harmful bacteria. The paragraph explains the process of contamination through the food chain, from zooplankton to humans, and the role of mangroves in filtering these contaminants. It also addresses the impact of tourism development on mangrove habitats, particularly on Redang Island, where deforestation for resort construction has led to a decline in mangrove populations and increased sedimentation. The paragraph suggests solutions such as responsible local integration, government monitoring, and replanting efforts to mitigate these issues and protect the mangrove environment.

Keywords

💡Mangrove Ecosystem

A mangrove ecosystem refers to the unique community of trees, plants, and animals that live in the coastal intertidal zone, typically in warm, tropical regions. These ecosystems are characterized by their ability to thrive in saline conditions and their complex root systems that help stabilize the shoreline. In the video, the mangrove ecosystem is highlighted as a high productivity environment in Malaysia, with a significant distribution across the country. The script mentions the importance of mangroves in supporting a diverse range of species and their role in maintaining the health of coastal environments.

💡Mangroves

Mangroves are a type of tree that grows in coastal saline or brackish water. They are known for their complex root systems that help them survive in the harsh conditions of coastal areas. The video discusses the importance of mangroves in Malaysia, where they cover a large area and support a rich biodiversity. The script also touches on the threats to mangroves, such as contamination and development, which can lead to a decline in their population and the overall health of the ecosystem.

💡Intertidal Zone

The intertidal zone is the area of the shore that is exposed to air at low tide and submerged at high tide. It is a critical habitat for many marine species and is where mangroves typically thrive. The video script mentions this zone as the primary location for mangrove ecosystems, emphasizing the importance of these transitional areas between land and sea for the survival and繁衍 of various species.

💡Biodiversity

Biodiversity refers to the variety of life in a particular ecosystem, including the number of species, their genetic variation, and the complexity of their interactions. The video script highlights the incredible biodiversity found within mangrove ecosystems, which support a wide array of plant, animal, and microbial life. This diversity is crucial for the health of the ecosystem and the services it provides, such as water filtration and coastal protection.

💡Contamination

Contamination in the context of the video refers to the pollution of the mangrove ecosystem by various types of human waste, including bacterial pathogens. The script discusses how contamination can lead to a decline in the health of the mangrove ecosystem, affecting both the flora and fauna that depend on it. An example given is the presence of indicator bacteria like E. coli in the water and sediments, which can pose a health risk to humans and other animals.

💡Tourism Development

Tourism development is the process of creating infrastructure and services to accommodate visitors in a particular area. The video script mentions the negative impact of tourism development on mangrove ecosystems, particularly in terms of habitat destruction and increased sedimentation. The script uses Redang Island as an example, where the expansion of tourism has led to the clearing of mangrove trees for resort construction and a subsequent decline in the local ecosystem.

💡Sedimentation

Sedimentation refers to the process by which solid particles settle out of a fluid and accumulate on the bottom. In the context of the video, sedimentation is discussed as a problem caused by tourism development, where the clearing of land for resorts leads to soil erosion and the deposition of sediments into the sea. This can smother marine life and disrupt the delicate balance of the mangrove ecosystem.

💡Ecosystem Services

Ecosystem services are the benefits that humans obtain from ecosystems, such as food, water purification, and coastal protection. The video script emphasizes the importance of mangrove ecosystems in providing these services, particularly in terms of timber, fishery resources, and as a natural barrier against coastal erosion. The decline of mangroves due to contamination and development threatens these valuable services.

💡Deforestation

Deforestation is the removal of trees and forests, often for agricultural, urban, or industrial development. The video script discusses deforestation as a key factor contributing to the decline of mangrove ecosystems, particularly in areas where mangrove trees are cut down to make way for tourism infrastructure. This not only leads to the loss of habitat for many species but also disrupts the ecosystem's ability to provide essential services.

💡Environmental Conservation

Environmental conservation refers to the protection and management of natural resources to preserve ecosystems and biodiversity. The video script highlights the need for conservation efforts to address the decline of mangrove ecosystems. This includes responsible management by local communities, government monitoring and enforcement, and the involvement of stakeholders to ensure sustainable development that does not harm the environment.

Highlights

Mangrove ecosystems are found in coastal intertidal zones in hot countries.

Malaysia's mangrove ecosystem covers 630,188 hectares with significant distribution in Sabah, Sarawak, and Peninsular Malaysia.

Mangrove forests are high productivity ecosystems with a rich biodiversity of flora and fauna.

The Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve in Kuala Terengganu is an example of a well-managed mangrove ecosystem.

Mangrove trees have special adaptations to survive in harsh and saline environments.

Mangrove ecosystems provide essential services such as timber, fishery resources, and coastal protection.

The decline of mangrove communities is causing shoreline erosion and loss of biodiversity.

Contamination from human settlements and tourism activities is a significant threat to mangrove ecosystems.

The Mantan Mangrove Forest Reserve faces challenges due to contamination from potential human bacterial pathogens.

Tourism development in Redang Island has led to deforestation and increased sedimentation in nearby waters.

The local community and government must take responsibility to prevent further contamination and degradation of mangroves.

Strict law enforcement and monitoring are necessary to protect mangrove ecosystems from harmful development practices.

Replanting mangroves in restricted areas can help restore degraded ecosystems.

The tourism industry's expansion in Redang Island has put pressure on the local mangrove environment.

Shareholders must monitor company development activities to ensure they do not harm the mangrove environment.

Mangrove ecosystems are crucial for maintaining the health of coastal communities and the environment.

Transcripts

[Music]

manga is a tree with roots which are

above the ground across those on the

banks of large rivers in hot countries

meanwhile mangrove ecosystem means the

group of trees and shop that live in the

coastal intertidal zone in Malaysia it

is even T species of mangrove Rafa mango

Flores is one of high productivity

ecosystem in the world with 630 1883

hectares of the distribution in all

countries this disable was disabled in

summer

well another 26% and 13% distributed in

Sana'a and penisula Malaysia

respectively they are example of

mangrove forest in Peninsular Malaysia

the first one is not on mangrove forest

reserve in Kolkata there are and second

is a cookie cutter in City of London or

mango tree has special education

survives with harsh and selling

environment mangrove forest an ecosystem

of incredible biological net

the comprising hundreds of algae dollas

crustacean fish is a raptor bird and

mammal species so water crocodile

pelican agrees spoon will painful and

monkey all resident of mangrove -

ecosystem play with to rule to our

environment and community is fabricated

- animal from predator technician light

from the strongest and Stroke second as

necessary first sun-ho station

all's fish trap him and mosquito to

establish the cerumen so this economic

venue such as timber secure and

occultism and lastly it is important

foolishness recycling however due to

whom application and rapid economic

development mangrove communities are

experiencing a significant decline ee

the decline of mangroves community take

the shooting of shoreline which decrease

of from 198 km in 1982 158 km/h 190 with

only one under noticeable game in 2030

according to fall 2003 this become an

issue me with nowadays

[Music]

so how does this issue happen here who

have provide two example of pain factors

that influence the declining of mangrove

committees in dementia

first contamination of various type of

potential human bacterial pathogen in

Manton mangrove forest reserve mmm ever

and second the ongoing tourism

development and large amount of

sedimentation has been washed in pulau

redang decoding the question and address

2014 mantle mangrove forest reserve

located on the west coast of Peninsular

Malaysia

it covers forty thousand two hundred and

eighty eight character in the state of

Para the ship is like a crescent moon

along the 51.5 kilometer coastline from

Caligula in the net to the Vulcan

puncture in the South Molton mangrove

forest reserve Hispanic instead of

scientific management since the

beginning of 20th century and still

considered as a best managing growth

forests in the world however in resinous

the productivity has declined this may

because of contamination of various type

of potential human bacterial pathogen in

the water surface and sediments African

indicator bacteria such as if coli in in

taco pie who detected on what the

surface internment of mangrove Judy

[Music]

the vacant Decatur material was high

colossal in the area due to the

sensitivity to a certainty the visions

of miscarriage any material will pose a

health risk to the public the vector

indicated material intelligence vitality

first ingestion by the fecundity W by

zooplankton small fishes and will in up

eaten by other bigger fishes and second

well Bentley decreasing by worm plants

in cockles which will be retained by

human how did this issue happen the

human bat Europe antigen came from the

fecal contamination because of the human

settlement along their stories even if

the area has low human activity they

might steal prison off cycle indicate

the bacteria do you do the restoring

tidal cycle

and why life such as Padma roaming of

the stories why did this happen this is

because madam mangrove forest reserve

become one of the main collecting points

of the marine research from upstream and

there is a cult activity

Satyabhama so what the solution for this

issue

the local people must be responsible

integration to prevent the contamination

from getting worse by stop or at least

reduce that limit each they can

increased to pathogen missus government

should monitor and take action to the

individual that caused asteroid

contamination with the pathogen bacteria

harmful to humans and community

[Music]

freedom island is an island off of

Peninsular Malaysia that is part of a

Marine Park archipelago of corals and

thousands of fish and invertebrates

Redang Island is located 45 kilometer

from Kuala Terengganu Malaysia however

there are some issues and problems

occurred in radom islands first the

ongoing tourism development will affect

the population of main group and become

decreasing the large area of the tree

was cut down to construct more results

moreover a large amount of sedimentation

has been washed into the sea that is

near to the development how did this

issue happen

this happened with the mangrove tree

that will be cut off to clear the land

for the development of resorts

furthermore no attempt to defend

mangrove tree where developers was

undertaken but why did this happen it is

because the tourism industry in red of

Island has been expanded which is more

akaviri source will be will to

accommodate motorists as they receive

eight thousand tourists per day in the

big season then unprintable month can

change the main crop environment and

ecosystem

besides there is no strict law

enforcement towards the developer every

problem has had the solutions so the

solution to these problems and issue are

by deleting the number of tourist area

capacity in the radar island then

recruit more restricted area for

tourists

after that replanting my group 3 at the

restriction area where the tourism

activity did not take place

next the government must play an

important role to bend or find the

developers that not follow the

guidelines provided to save and conserve

the environment last but not least the

shareholder must monitor the development

activities of the company to provide any

developments that destroy the main proof

environment

[Music]