Bernstein - QUÉ ES LA MÚSICA CLÁSICA
Summary
TLDREl guion explora la definición de la música clásica y desafía la noción común de que se trata simplemente de música que no es jazz, pop o folk. Expone que la música clásica es 'música exacta', donde el compositor especifica cada nota y dirección para una interpretación precisa. A diferencia de la música popular y el jazz, que permiten una amplia variedad de interpretaciones, la música clásica busca una forma perfecta y equilibrada, reflejando el espíritu del periodo clásico (1700-1800), donde se buscaba la perfección en la estructura y la proporción.
Takeaways
- 🎼 La música clásica no se limita a ser cualquier música que no sea jazz, pop o folk; es un género específico con características únicas.
- 🎵 El término 'música clásica' a menudo se usa de manera incorrecta para describir cualquier música que no encaje en otros géneros, pero esto no refleja su verdadero significado.
- 🎶 La música clásica es caracterizada por la precisión y la exactitud en la ejecución de las notas y la dirección del compositor, lo que contrasta con la naturaleza más flexible y adaptable de otros géneros como el jazz o la música popular.
- 👤 El compositor de música clásica proporciona instrucciones detalladas sobre cómo debe interpretarse la música, incluyendo la velocidad, el volumen y otros aspectos, lo que da lugar a una performance 'exacta'.
- 🎻 A pesar de la intención de exactitud, las interpretaciones de la música clásica pueden variar según el intérprete, lo que aporta un elemento humano y único a cada performance.
- 🎵 La música popular y jazz ofrecen una gran flexibilidad en términos de interpretación y arranque, lo que permite una gran variedad de versiones y estilos.
- 🎷 En jazz y música popular, la improvisación es un elemento clave, permitiendo que los músicos creen y adapten la música en tiempo real durante el rendimiento.
- 🏛 El término 'clásico' también se refiere a una época específica en la historia de la música, el período clásico, que se caracteriza por la búsqueda de una forma y estructura perfectas en la música.
- 🗓️ El período clásico abarca aproximadamente un siglo, desde 1700 hasta 1800, y fue un tiempo en el que la música se centró en la perfección de la forma y la estructura.
- 🌐 La distinción entre la música clásica y otros géneros musicales es importante para apreciar y entender la riqueza y la diversidad del patrimonio musical.
Q & A
¿Qué es la música clásica según el guion del video?
-La música clásica es la que un compositor escribe de una manera exacta, especificando las notas, los instrumentos o voces y las direcciones para que los intérpretes puedan dar una rendición precisa de su obra.
¿Por qué no es correcto usar la palabra 'buena' para describir la música clásica?
-La palabra 'buena' no describe la diferencia entre la música clásica y otros géneros como el jazz o las canciones populares, ya que estos también pueden ser 'buenos'.
¿Cuál es la diferencia entre la música clásica y la música popular según el guion?
-La música clásica es exacta y no puede cambiarse excepto por la personalidad del intérprete, mientras que la música popular puede ser interpretada de infinitas maneras y es normal que cada intérprete la adapte a su estilo.
¿Por qué el término 'música seria' no es adecuado para describir la música clásica?
-El término 'música seria' no es adecuado porque hay géneros como el jazz que también pueden ser serios, y la música clásica no es seria en sí misma sino que es una forma de música que busca la perfección en la forma y la estructura.
¿Qué significa el término 'música de altobrow' en el contexto del guion?
-El término 'música de altobrow' se refiere a la música que solo personas muy inteligentes y educadas pueden apreciar, pero el guion lo descarta como una descripción correcta de la música clásica ya que muchos no necesariamente 'Einsteins' también disfrutan de la música de Beethoven.
¿Qué sugiere el guion sobre por qué la palabra 'clásica' es incorrecta para describir la música clásica?
-El guion sugiere que 'clásica' es incorrecto porque esa palabra también se refiere a una época específica en la historia de la música, el período Clásico, y no a la música que busca la perfección en la forma y la estructura.
¿Cuál es la duración del período Clásico en la música según el guion?
-El período Clásico en la música duró aproximadamente cien años, desde aproximadamente 1700 hasta 1800, es decir, el siglo XVIII.
¿Cómo se describe la diferencia entre la música de Mozart y la de Rimsky-Korsakov en el guion?
-El guion describe que la música de Mozart es clásica y busca la perfección en la forma, mientras que la de Rimsky-Korsakov, como 'Scheherazade', es de una época posterior y no es clásica en el sentido de pertenecer al período Clásico.
¿Qué sugiere el guion como una posible mejor palabra para describir la música clásica?
-El guion sugiere que una posible mejor palabra para describir la música clásica es 'música exacta', ya que se trata de una interpretación exacta de lo que el compositor escribió.
¿Por qué el guion considera que la palabra 'clásica' es inadecuada para describir la música clásica?
-El guion considera que 'clásica' es inadecuada porque se refiere a una época específica en la historia de la música y no a la intención de perfección y exactitud que caracteriza a la música clásica.
Outlines
🎼 La Música Clásica y sus Malentendidos
Este párrafo explora la definición de la música clásica y cómo a menudo se malentiende. Se menciona que la gente a menudo la asocia con música que no es jazz, pop o folk, pero esto no es del todo correcto. Se desafía la noción de que la música clásica es simplemente 'buena música', 'música seria' o 'música de altobrow', argumentando que estas descripciones son inadecuadas. Además, se cuestiona el término 'música de arte' y se sugiere que la palabra 'exacta' podría ser un mejor descriptor, ya que la música clásica está compuesta de notas, instrumentos y voces específicos, y la intención del compositor es que se interprete de una manera muy precisa.
🎵 La Interpretación de la Música Clásica y Popular
Este párrafo compara cómo se interpreta la música clásica con la música popular. Se explica que, a pesar de que los intérpretes pueden tener diferentes enfoques y personalidades, la música clásica sigue siendo 'exacta', ya que se debe interpretar de acuerdo con las indicaciones del compositor. En contraste, la música popular tiene muchas más interpretaciones posibles y es aceptable y deseable que se adapte a las preferencias del intérprete y la situación. Se destaca la naturaleza imprecisa y flexible de la música popular y jazz, que se caracterizan por la improvisación y la adaptabilidad.
🏛 La Período Clásico y su Influencia en la Música
Este párrafo aclaran la confusión entre el término 'clásico' como un descriptor genérico de la música clásica y su uso histórico para referirse al período clásico de la música, que se extiende desde aproximadamente 1700 a 1800. Se describe el período clásico como un tiempo de reglamentación y perfeccionamiento de las formas y estructuras, lo que da como resultado una música que busca la perfección en la forma y la proporción. Se contrasta con la música popular y el jazz, que no se rigen por estas restricciones y se adaptan libremente a las interpretaciones de los músicos.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Música clásica
💡Exactitud
💡Período Clásico
💡Interpretación
💡Improvisación
💡Música popular
💡Folklore
💡Jazz
💡Compositor
💡Exactitud musical
Highlights
古典音乐的定义问题被提出,质疑了人们对于古典音乐的普遍误解。
古典音乐常被错误地用来描述非爵士乐、流行音乐或民间音乐的作品。
“好音乐”一词不能准确区分古典音乐与其他音乐类型,因为爵士乐和流行音乐也有其优秀作品。
“严肃音乐”一词同样不适用于区分古典音乐,因为爵士乐和民间音乐也有其严肃性。
“高眉音乐”一词也不能准确描述古典音乐,因为音乐的欣赏并不局限于受过高等教育的人群。
“艺术音乐”一词被提出来区分贝多芬和戴夫·布鲁贝克的作品,但爵士乐同样被视为一种艺术形式。
“交响乐音乐”一词排除了为钢琴独奏、小提琴独奏和弦乐四重奏等创作的音乐。
“长发”一词被误用来描述非爵士音乐,但许多爵士乐手也有长发。
古典音乐的真正区别在于作曲家在创作时对音符、乐器、节奏和表现方式的精确指示。
表演者的任务是尽可能准确地解读和再现作曲家的意图。
不同的指挥家对贝多芬第五交响曲开头的演绎方式不同,展示了个人风格对古典音乐演绎的影响。
古典音乐是永久的、不变的、精确的,因为它是由作曲家本人规定的。
流行音乐如《I Can't Give You Anything But Love》的演绎方式多样,不受作曲家规定的限制。
爵士乐的变化性是其本质特征,它鼓励即兴创作和个性化演绎。
民间音乐也没有固定的演绎方式,因为它从未有作曲家规定其演绎方式。
提出了“精确音乐”一词来更准确地描述通常被称为古典音乐的作品。
古典音乐一词实际上指的是一个特定的历史时期——古典时期,以及那个时期创作的音乐。
古典时期大约持续了一百年,从1700年到1800年,即18世纪。
古典时期的音乐追求完美的形式、平衡和比例,就像古希腊花瓶一样。
Transcripts
[Applause]
now the question before the house today
is what is classical music anybody knows
that that piece of Handel we just played
is classical music for instance right
right so what's the problem why are we
asking this question well there's a good
reason as we're going to find out today
you see everybody thinks he knows what
classical music is just any music that
isn't jazz like a Stan Kenton
arrangement or a popular song like I
can't give you anything but love baby or
folk music like an African war dance or
twinkle twinkle little star but that
isn't what classical music means at all
people use this word to describe music
that isn't jazz or popular songs or folk
music just because there isn't any other
word that seems to describe it better
all the other words that are used are
just as wrong like good music for
instance you've all heard people say I
just love good music meaning that they
love candle instead of Spike Jonze well
you know what they mean but after all
isn't there such a thing as good jazz or
a good popular song you can't use the
word good to describe the difference
there's good handl you're good Spike
Jones so we'll just have to forget that
word then people use the word serious
music when they mean handle or Beethoven
but there again there's some jazz that's
very serious
and heavens what's more serious than an
African war dance when the kettle is
boiling so that words no good either
then some people use the word highbrow
which means that only very smart
well-educated people can dig it but we
know that's wrong because we all know a
lot of people who aren't exactly
Einsteins who dig Beethoven the moe
well what about the word art music now
there's a word that a lot of people use
to try to describe the difference
between Beethoven and Dave Brubeck let's
say that's no good either
does just as many other people think
that jazz is also an art which indeed it
is and if we try to use the word
symphony music well that leaves out all
the music written for piano solo and
violin solo and string quartet and
certainly all that's supposed to be
classical music maybe the best word
invented so far is of all things long
hair because it was made up by jazz
musicians themselves to nail down all
the kinds of music that aren't properly
theirs but we've all seen enough jazz
musicians who have long hair on their
own heads
so I guess even that where it won't do
well since all these words are wrong
let's try to find one that's right by
finding out first what the real
difference is between the different
kinds of music and the real difference
is that when a composer writes a piece
of what's usually called classical music
he puts down the exact notes that he was
the exact instruments or voices that he
wants to sing those notes even to the
exact number of instruments or voices
and he also writes down as many
directions as he can think of to tell
the players or singers as carefully as
he can everything they need to know
about how fast or slow it should go a
louder soft it should be and millions of
other things to help the performers give
an exact performance of those notes he
thought up of course no performance can
be perfectly exact because there aren't
enough words in the world to tell the
performance everything they have to know
about what the composer wanted but
that's just what makes the performers
job so exciting to try and find out from
what the composer did write down as
exactly as possible what he meant
now of course performers are only human
and so they always figure it out
differently from one another for
instance one conductor might decide that
the beginning of Beethoven's fifth
symphony which I'm sure you all know do
you know how it goes
sing it to me right yeah I've got the
right key but anyway that's how it goes
well let's say one conductor decides
that those four notes should get a big
extra bang on the last note the long one
like this and then another conductor
who's trying just as hard as the first
one to figure out what Beethoven really
wanted might feel that it's the first
note of those four that should get the
strongest accent like this and still
another conductor maybe not quite so
faithful to Beethoven as these first two
might decide that the four notes should
be played more importantly slower and
more majestically like this
we've all heard that version of it but
in spite of these differences which come
out of the different personalities of
these three conductors they're still all
conducting the same notes in the same
rhythm with the same instruments and
with the same purpose which is to make
Beethoven's printed notes come to life
in the way they think he'd want them to
this means that what people call
classical music can't be changed except
by the personality of the composer this
music is permanent unchangeable exact
now there's a good word exact maybe
that's what we should call this kind of
music instead of classical we should
call it exact music because there's only
one way it can be played and that way
has been told up by the composer himself
but on the other hand if we take a
popular song like Oh for instance I
can't give you anything but love baby
there's no end to the ways in which it
can be played it can be sung by a chorus
or by Louis Armstrong or by Maria Callas
or by nobody it can just be played
without any words by a jazz band or a
symphony orchestra or a kazoo slow or
fast hot or sentimental loud or soft it
just doesn't matter it can be played
through once or repeated 15 times in any
key even with the chords underneath
changed even the tune itself can be
changed and improvised on and fooled
around with for instance the way the
tune goes on the printed sheet music is
like this
pretty dull isn't it but when Louis
Armstrong sees it then it begins to
sound something like this I can't give
you anything
[Music]
the only order for a cool progressive
cat is playing it on the piano
the Birdland it might sound something
like this
almost unrecognisable or if it were sung
by let's say the fred waring glee club
it would have a completely different
sound goes something like any
[Music]
[Applause]
but the main thing about all this is
that none of those ways is wrong each
way seems right for those particular
performers who are doing it at the time
and right for the particular occasion at
which they're doing it whether it's for
dancing or on a television show or at
Birdland there isn't any one way it has
to be done which means that it's not
exact music it doesn't have to be done
exactly the way the composer wrote it in
fact what's even more important is that
popular songs definitely should not be
done the way the composer wrote it the
same way all the time just imagine how
deadly dull it would be if the only way
you ever heard I can't give you anything
but love was the way the sheet music
reads would be awful the same thing goes
for polt music - it can and should
change with each performer of course
there's even more reason for changing
both music because there never was any
composer at all to lay down the law
about how it should go
and as far as jazz is concerned well of
course it changes all the time because
that's what jazz is all about
improvising making the music up as you
go along and hardly ever even bothering
to write it down so at last we now have
a better word for classical music which
is exacting and while there may be even
a better word for it which I can't think
of at the moment at least exact is not a
wrong word and classical is a wrong word
as a matter of fact I'm sure that you
can all probably think up a lot of other
words better than exact to describe the
music that's usually called classical
and I'd love for you to write me any of
the ones you think of that are really
good who knows maybe one of them might
catch on and become part of our language
someday so we'll never have to use that
wrong word classical again but why is
the word classical a wrong word because
you see while it's true that there is
such a thing as classical music
it means something very different from
what we've been talking about it does
not mean long hair music it means only
one certain kind of long hair music for
instance take this well-known musical
phrase
[Music]
you know what that is
what latarian right sherizaan okay next
question is that classical music raw if
not classical music refers to a very
definite period in the history of music
which is called the Classical period and
the music that was written in that time
is called classical music and Joe
Harrison simply wasn't written in that
time but this music was
[Music]
I'm sure you can tell the difference
between Shahrazad and that bit of Mozart
we just played the Mozart is classical
music now let's see if we can get some
idea of just when this Classical period
happened it lasted about a hundred years
from about 1700 to 1800 which is as you
know called the 18th century now what do
we know about this 18th century well
let's take the first half of it for
instance the first 50 years we've all
learned in school what America was like
during those years it was still being
settled pioneers were exploring you
savage territories in our land there
were new frontiers all over the place we
were fighting Indians right and left in
other words we were going through a
tough time living a rough life and
building a new country from the ground
up now this same time in Europe was very
different over there we find a nice old
civilization that had been building up
for hundreds of years so by the time the
18th century rolled around Europe wasn't
any longer just exploring and nailing
logs together it was trying to make
perfect what it had already built up so
the same first 50 years in Europe were a
time of rules and regulations and of
getting those rules and regulations to
be as exactly right as possible this is
what makes classicism this bringing of
rules to a pitch of perfection it makes
classical architecture classical drama
and classical music and that's what
classical music really means music
written at a time when perfect form and
balance and proportion of what
everybody's looking for music which
tries more than anything else to have a
perfect shape like a beautiful ancient
Greek vase
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