IGCSE History 0470 - The Cold War origins 1941 - 1948
Summary
TLDREste video explora los orígenes del Cálculo Fría entre 1941 y 1948, destacando la alianza incómoda de Estados Unidos, Gran Bretaña y la Unión Soviética durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Se discuten las diferencias fundamentales entre el capitalismo y el comunismo, así como las conferencias de Yalta y Potsdam, que establecieron el escenario para el Cálculo Fría en Europa. Además, se abordan eventos clave como el lanzamiento de la bomba atómica sobre Japón, la expansión soviética en Europa del Este, el discurso del Telón de Acero de Churchill, la Doctrine Truman y el Plan Marshall, culminando con el Bloqueo de Berlín y el Aireocho de Berlín.
Takeaways
- 🌐 La Segunda Guerra Mundial vio la formación de una alianza incómoda entre los Estados Unidos, Gran Bretaña y la Unión Soviética para enfrentar a Alemania y Japón.
- 🏰 La divergencia ideológica entre capitalismo y comunismo fue un factor clave que eventualmente llevó al desmantelamiento de esta alianza y al surgimiento de la Guerra Fría.
- 🇬🇧 En 1945, los líderes de los Aliados se reunieron en Yalta para planificar la postguerra, incluyendo la división de Alemania y la garantía de elecciones libres en los países liberados.
- 🗽 La Conferencia de Potsdam reflejó un cambio en la dinámica de las relaciones entre las potencias, con discusiones acaloradas y la emergencia de la amenaza nuclear por parte de los Estados Unidos.
- 💥 La utilización de la bomba atómica sobre Hiroshima y Nagasaki marcó un punto de inflexión en la guerra contra Japón y simbolizó el inicio de una nueva era en la guerra y la política mundial.
- 📈 La expansión del comunismo en Europa del Este, en particular en Polonia, Hungría y Checoslovaquia, generó tensión y fue vista con recelo por los países occidentales.
- 📩 Las telegramas de Long y Novikov anticiparon las posturas de la Unión Soviética y los Estados Unidos durante la Guerra Fría, estableciendo las bases para la confrontación ideológica.
- 🏛 El discurso del 'Telón de Acero' de Churchill y la Doctrine Truman reflejaron la preocupación occidental por la expansión soviética y la determinación de Estados Unidos de contener el comunismo.
- 💵 El Plan Marshall fue una respuesta occidental para ayudar en la recuperación económica de Europa y prevenir el avance del comunismo, ofreciendo una alternativa económica a la influencia soviética.
- 🚫 El Bloqueo de Berlín y la posterior Operación Luftbrücke (Airelift) demostró la resolución de Occidente para mantener su presencia en Berlín y desafiar la dominación soviética, a pesar del riesgo de un conflicto mayor.
- 💥 La explosión del primer atomic bomb por parte de la Unión Soviética en 1949 marcó el fin de la hegemonía nuclear de Estados Unidos y estableció el escenario para un armamentismo nuclear mutuo durante la Guerra Fría.
Q & A
¿Cuándo entró Estados Unidos en la Segunda Guerra Mundial y contra qué países?
-Estados Unidos entró en la Segunda Guerra Mundial en 1941, contra Alemania y Japón.
¿Cómo se describe la alianza entre Estados Unidos, Gran Bretaña y la Unión Soviética durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial?
-La alianza entre Estados Unidos, Gran Bretaña y la Unión Soviética fue una alianza inestable, ya que estaban divididos por sus ideologías políticas, pero se unieron debido a las acciones de Alemania nazi y su aliado Japón.
¿Cuáles fueron las diferencias fundamentales entre el capitalismo y el comunismo según el guion?
-El capitalismo se caracteriza por tener múltiples partidos políticos, elecciones democráticas, libertad para crear negocios privados y enfasis en los derechos individuales. Por otro lado, el comunismo es un estado de partido único, sin elecciones democráticas, propiedad estatal de los negocios y fábricas, y los derechos individuales son menos importantes que la obediencia al estado.
¿Cuáles fueron los objetivos de la Conferencia de Yalta?
-Los objetivos de la Conferencia de Yalta incluyeron decidir qué hacer con Alemania una vez derrotada, dividirla en cuatro zonas de ocupación, asegurar que los países liberados de control nazi tuvieran elecciones libres y establecer la ONU.
¿Qué cambios significativos ocurrieron entre la Conferencia de Yalta y la de Potsdam?
-Entre la Conferencia de Yalta y la de Potsdam, hubo cambios significativos como la muerte del presidente Roosevelt y su reemplazo por Truman, la prueba exitosa de la bomba atómica por parte de Estados Unidos y la expansión del comunismo en Europa del Este.
¿Cuáles fueron las consecuencias de la bomba atómica sobre Hiroshima y Nagasaki?
-La bomba atómica sobre Hiroshima destruyó más del 60% de los edificios de la ciudad y mató a alrededor de 140,000 personas. La segunda bomba en Nagasaki mató a 74,000 personas.
¿Qué fue la justificación oficial de Estados Unidos para lanzar las bombas atómicas sobre Japón?
-La justificación oficial de Estados Unidos para lanzar las bombas atómicas fue forzar al gobierno japonés a rendirse, lo que ocurrió el 14 de agosto de 1945.
¿Cómo respondió la Unión Soviética a la expansión del comunismo en Europa del Este?
-La Unión Soviética estableció gobiernos comunistas en varios países de Europa del Este, como Polonia, Hungría y Checoslovaquia, y creó el Consejo de Ayuda Económica Mutua (Cominform) para fortalecer el control soviético en la región.
¿Qué fue la 'Larga Telegrama' y cómo influyó en la política exterior de Estados Unidos?
-La 'Larga Telegrama' fue un informe del oficial George Kennan sobre la intención soviética de expandir el comunismo y la necesidad de contener a la Unión Soviética. Influenció la política de 'contención' de Estados Unidos durante la Guerra Fría.
¿Cuál fue el propósito del Plan Marshall y cómo se relaciona con la Guerra Fría?
-El Plan Marshall fue un esfuerzo para ayudar a la recuperación económica de Europa Occidental después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial y disuadir el avance del comunismo. Se relaciona con la Guerra Fría como parte de la estrategia de contención de Estados Unidos.
Outlines
🌐 Origenes del Cálculo Fría 1941-1948
Este video forma parte de una serie sobre la historia del IGCSE, y se centra en los orígenes del Cálculo Fría entre 1941 y 1948. La entrada de Estados Unidos en la Segunda Guerra Mundial en 1941 generó una alianza incómoda entre EE. UU., Gran Bretaña y la Unión Soviética, que eventualmente se desintegraría en el Cálculo Fría. La alianza surgió debido a las acciones de Alemania nazi y su aliado Japón, que unieron a estos dos enemigos políticos. Se explican las diferencias fundamentales entre el capitalismo y el comunismo, y cómo la Conferencia de Yalta, donde se decidió la división de Alemania y la garantía de elecciones libres en Europa, estableció el escenario para el resto del Cálculo Fría.
💥 Conferencias de Yalta y Potsdam
La Conferencia de Yalta, donde se reunieron Churchill, Roosevelt y Stalin, se enfocaron en decidir el destino de Alemania tras su derrota. Se acordó dividir Alemania en cuatro zonas de ocupación y asegurar elecciones libres en Europa. Sin embargo, la Conferencia de Potsdam, marcada por desacuerdos y cambios significativos, como la muerte de Roosevelt y la toma de poder de Truman, reveló la tensión creciente entre las potencias aliadas. Truman, con una postura más hostil hacia el comunismo y a Stalin, y la revelación de la bomba atómica, marcaron el inicio de una nueva era en las relaciones entre la Unión Soviética y Estados Unidos.
🌏 Expansión del Comunismo y la Guerra Fría
Tras la Segunda Guerra Mundial, la Unión Soviética, desobedeciendo los acuerdos de Yalta, comenzó a establecer gobiernos comunistas en Europa del Este, creando una zona de amortiguamiento contra posibles ataques occidentales. La toma de poder comunista en países como Albania, Bulgaria, Alemania del Este, Rumanía, Polonia, Hungría y Checoslovaquia, generó preocupación en Occidente. Estados Unidos, a través del mensaje del Teléfonoro, adoptó una política de Contención, mientras que la Unión Soviética, a través del Telegrama Novikov, argumentó que Estados Unidos buscaba dominar al mundo y que la Unión Soviética necesitaba proteger su zona de influencia.
🏛️ El Discurso del Telón de Acero y la Doctrina Truman
El ex primer ministro británico Winston Churchill, en su famoso discurso del Telón de Acero, condenó la expansión soviética en Europa del Este. El presidente Truman respondió con la Doctrina Truman, prometiendo asistencia a cualquier país que se opusiera al comunismo, lo que llevó a la creación del Plan Marshall para ayudar a la recuperación económica de Europa Occidental y prevenir su caída en manos del comunismo. La Unión Soviética rechazó el Plan Marshall y creó su propia organización de ayuda financiera, el Consejo de Ayuda Económica Mutua.
🚫 El Bloqueo de Berlín y el Aireo
El Bloqueo de Berlín de 1948 fue un intento del líder soviético Stalin de forzar a los aliados occidentales a abandonar Berlín, dividida en zonas de ocupación y ubicada dentro de la zona de influencia soviética. Stalin cortó el acceso terrestre a Berlín, lo que provocó la respuesta de los Aliados con el Aireo de Berlín, un esfuerzo de suministro aéreo que duró 11 meses hasta que el bloqueo fue levantado. Este evento marcó la primera gran prueba de la política de Contención de Estados Unidos y reflejó la tensión creciente entre las potencias durante la Guerra Fría.
🎥 Conclusión del Video
El video concluye con una llamada a la acción para que los espectadores liken, se suscriban y compartan el contenido, y dejen comentarios para que los presentadores puedan aclarar cualquier punto. La serie de videos sobre la historia del IGCSE continúa explorando temas relevantes de la Guerra Fría y su impacto en la política y la sociedad de la época.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Guerra Fría
💡Alianza
💡Ideologías políticas
💡Conferencia de Yalta
💡División de Alemania
💡Berlin Airlift
💡Comunismo
💡Contención
💡Plan Marshall
💡Bloqueo de Berlín
💡Pacto de Varsovia
Highlights
La Guerra Fría se originó entre 1941 y 1948 como consecuencia de la Segunda Guerra Mundial y las tensiones entre las potencias aliadas.
La USA entró en la Segunda Guerra Mundial en 1941, formando una alianza incómoda con Gran Bretaña y la Unión Soviética.
Las diferencias ideológicas entre la USA y la URSS, capitalistas y comunistas respectivamente, fueron un factor clave en el surgimiento de la Guerra Fría.
La Conferencia de Yalta en 1945 estableció el escenario para la división de Alemania y la Europa del este.
La Conferencia de Potsdam reflejó las crecientes tensiones entre las potencias aliadas, especialmente entre Truman y Stalin.
La expansión del comunismo en Europa del este fue una preocupación principal para los aliados occidentales después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial.
La llamada 'Cortina de Hierro' de Churchill simboliza la división de Europa en comunista y no comunista.
El Plan Marshall fue una respuesta de Estados Unidos para ayudar a la recuperación económica de Europa y evitar la expansión del comunismo.
La Bloqueo de Berlín en 1948 fue un intento del gobierno soviético de Stalin de aislar a Berlín Oeste.
El vuelo de suministro de Berlín fue una operación exitosa de los Aliados para mantener a Berlín Oeste fuera del control soviético.
La formación de la República Federal de Alemania (Alemania Occidental) y la Unión Soviética respondieron con la creación de la República Democrática Alemana (Alemania Oriental).
La creación del Pacto de Varsovia en 1955 fue la respuesta del bloque soviético a la inclusión de Alemania Occidental en la OTAN.
La explosión del primer arma nuclear soviético en 1949 puso fin al monopolio nuclear de Estados Unidos.
La Guerra Fría marcó un período de tensión y competencia entre la Unión Soviética y los Estados Unidos, con consecuencias globales.
Transcripts
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[Music]
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welcome to another video in our series
on igcse history
in today's lesson we will be looking at
the cold war origins 1941-1948
if you haven't seen our previous videos
click on the card above
today we're going to be looking at the
cold war origins between 1941 and 1948
the usa entered world war ii against
germany and japan in 1941
creating an uneasy alliance of the usa
britain and the ussr
this alliance would ultimately fail and
break down into the cold war
the alliance of the usa and the ussr
during world war ii brought together two
sides that were divided by their
political ideologies
the usa and britain were capitalist
countries while since its foundation
after the 1917 russian revolution the
ussr had been communist
however the actions of nazi germany and
its ally japan and world war ii driven
these two political enemies together
firstly
britain had been at war with germany
since germany's invasion of poland in
1939
secondly the ussr
allied itself with britain in 1941 when
germany began to invade its territories
thirdly in december 1941
germany's allied japan launched a
surprise attack on the u.s naval base at
pearl harbor on the island of oahu
hawaii
these actions brought the usa into world
war ii on the same side as britain and
the ussr
at this point i think it's important to
understand the differences between
capitalism and communism
firstly capitalism
there are several political parties
representing different sectors of
society
governments are chosen by democratic
elections
people are free to set up private
businesses and make money for themselves
individual rights and freedoms are
important
now communism
communism is
a one-party state
no democratic elections and no
opportunity to change the government by
election
all businesses and factories are owned
by the state
individual rights and freedoms are less
important than obedience to the state
in february of 1945 the big three
churchill roosevelt and stalin
met at yalta in the crimean region of
the ussr
with an allied victory looking likely
the aim of the yalta conference was to
decide what to do with germany once it
had been defeated
in many ways the altar conference set
the scene for the rest of the cold war
in europe
so what were the outcomes
firstly germany would be divided into
four zones of occupation with the ussr
britain france and the usa
each controlling a zone
france had been liberated from nazi
germany and was included in the
conference partly due to pressure from
the french leader general de gaulle but
also because britain wanted a european
ally
with whom it could share the cost of
post-war reconstruction of germany
secondly the german capital of berlin
was deep inside the soviet zone
and it too was divided into four zones
each controlled by one of the allied
powers
berlin would be a source of tension
throughout the cold war
thirdly all countries freed from nazi
control were to be guaranteed the right
to hold free elections and choose their
own government
however stalin was offered a sphere of
influence over eastern europe
next stalin once again promised to join
the war against japan once germany was
defeated
all leaders made a commitment to hunt
down nazi war criminals
the allies agreed to
setting up the
united nations an organization with the
objectives of ensuring international
cooperation and preventing future wars
the three countries met again in 1945 at
the potsdam conference
the main objective of the potsdam
conference was to finalize a post-war
settlement and put into action all the
things agreed at yalta
while the meeting at yolt had been
reasonably friendly the potsdam
conference was fraught with
disagreements
which were the result of some
significant changes that had taken place
since the golter conference
firstly a new u.s president
the u.s president franklin d roosevelt
had died and been replaced by his vice
president harry s truman
while roosevelt had been willing to work
with stalin
largely because he needed the ussr to
join the war against japan
truman
made little secret of his dislight for
communism and for stalin personally
truman remarked that he was tired of
babysitting the soviets
and that the only language stalin
understood was how many army divisions
you had
secondly
the nuclear threat
just before the conference began
on 16th july 1945
the usa had successfully exploded an
atomic bomb at their test site in the
new mexico desert
when first told about the success of the
experiment truman is said to have
remarked
if it works i'll sure have a hammer on
those boys
at potsdam truman chose to inform stalin
that the us possessed a new weapon of
unusual destructive force
thirdly the expansion of communism
despite agreeing at yalta that free
elections were to be held in eastern
europe after the defeat of nazi germany
there was little evidence at potsdam
that stalin intended to allow them
in fact the red army was in control of
poland and the ussr was in the process
of setting up a communist government
so what were the outcomes
the real progress was made at postland
beyond an agreement to put into action
the commitments made at yalta
[Music]
so let's try and summarize the two
conferences
you can use the acronym peer
people elections europe and reparations
to remember the main points
at yalta the participants were churchill
roosevelt and stalin
germany to be divided into four
zones of occupation
berlin also to be divided
the ussr would be allowed to take
reparations from a defeated germany
started to have a sphere of influence
over eastern europe but all countries
freed from nazi occupation would be
allowed free elections to choose their
own government
now let's look at plotsdam
the participants were churchill replaced
midway by atlee
truman and stalin
there were arguments over where the
boundaries between the zones would be
drawn
there are arguments about how much the
ussr should be allowed to take in
reparations
it was agreed that the soviets could
take whatever they wanted from soviet
controlled zones
and 10 from the western zones
this remained a source of disagreement
with the western allies worried that
they were repeating the mistakes of the
treaty of versailles after world war one
there was no sign of stalin allowing
free elections to eastern europe and a
communist government was being set up in
poland
that brings us to japan and the atomic
bomb in 1945.
on the 6th of august 1945 the usa
dropped an atomic bomb on the japanese
city of hiroshima
the blast devastated an area of five
square miles destroying more than 60
percent of the city's buildings and
killing around 140 000 people
three days later the us dropped the
second atomic bomb on the japanese city
of nagasaki
killing 74 000 people
so why were the bombs dropped
the official u.s justification for the
dropping of the two atomic bombs were to
force the japanese government to
surrender which it did on the 14th of
august 1945.
some historians have speculated that the
bombs might also have had another
purpose
to send a warning to the soviet union
about the strength of the american
military
whatever the intention the usa
had changed the nature of warfare
and for the remainder of the cold war
the threat of atomic weapons and nuclear
war would be a constant theme
stalin himself remarked that future wars
were inevitable
and the soviet union now stepped up its
own program of atomic research
american nuclear hegemony
would not last long
that brings us to the soviet expansion
into eastern europe
despite the promises made by stalin at
the alta conference to allow free
elections
he had in fact started turning eastern
europe into a buffer zone between the
soviet union and western europe
stalin feared that eastern europe could
be the doorway for an attack on the
soviet union by the west
so we'll go through a brief timeline of
the soviet takeover of eastern europe
firstly
albania 1945
a communist government took power at the
end of world war ii
secondly
bulgaria 1946
in 1946 the bulgarian monarch was
abolished and later that year a
communist government was elected and
gradually eradicated its opponents
east germany 1945
east germany was part of the soviet zone
of occupation agreed to in the altar
conference in 1945
the soviets set up a communist regime
romania 1945
in the 1945 elections a communist-led
coalition government was elected
the communists gradually removed their
coalition partners and abolished the
romanian monarchy
poland 1947
fearing that non-communist governments
would be elected in 1947
stalin invited 16 non-communist
politicians to moscow
where they were arrested
with their political opponents removed
the polish communists won the election
hungary
1948
although non-communists won the 1945
election a communist politician
rakovsky took control of the secret
police and used it to arrest and execute
his political opponents
by 1948 the communist party was in
complete control of the country
czechoslovakia
1948
czechoslovakia was the last country in
eastern europe to fully fall to
communism in 1948.
at elections that year only communists
were allowed to stand and a communist
government was duly elected
for the western allies the setting up of
communist government in eastern europe
was a major concern
world war ii had been fought in the name
of freedom
now it seemed that in many countries the
hard-won freedom from nazi dictatorship
was being replaced by communist
dictatorship so what were the reactions
to soviet expansion
firstly an exchange of telegrams
one the long telegram
in 1946 george
an official at the us embassy in moscow
was asked to provide a summary of what
the soviets were up to
his response became known as the long
telegram because at 8 000 words it was
indeed long
and much fewer than 8 000 words what
keenan's telegram said was that the ussr
was heavily armed and feared the outside
world
it was determined to spread communism
and therefore it could be
no peaceful coexistence between the ussr
and the usa
however the usa was stronger than the
ussr so communism could be contained
two
the novokov telegram
the soviet response to the long telegram
was the novacog telegram in which the
soviet ambassador to the usa nikolai
novakov warned that the usa had emerged
from world war ii economically strong
and bent on world domination
as a result the ussr needed to secure
its buffer zone in eastern europe
the two telegrams set the scene for the
cold war in europe the ussr would
attempt to dominate eastern europe and
spread communism where possible
the usa would commit to a policy of
containment
secondly the iron curtain speech
on the 5th of march 1946
the by now former british prime minister
winston churchill
condemned the soviet expansion in
eastern europe in his famous iron
curtain speech
in that speech he famously noted that
from staten in the baltic to trieste in
the adriatic an iron curtain had
descended across the continent
in a nutshell what churchill meant by
this was that the allies had spent six
years fighting for freedom from fascism
in europe only to have half the constant
now under soviet dictatorship
thirdly the truman doctrine
not wanting to be left out of the rush
to make speeches president truman made a
speech to the u.s congress in which he
promised that the usa would provide aid
to any country standing up against
communism
this was developed into the truman
doctrine note how vague the word aid is
it meant that america could provide
anything from a pat on the back up to
military intervention
america was now committed to a policy of
containment or stopping the threat of
communism
the doctrine itself was initially aimed
at providing financial aid to greece and
turkey
they had both been occupied by nazi
germany during world war ii so needed
financial assistance to avoid falling to
communism
part of the reason for truman's powerful
language was that he needed to persuade
congress of the need for 400 million
dollars to help these two countries
fourthly the marshall plan
fearing that all of europe would fall
under communist control in 1947
president truman sent general george
marshall to see what could be done to
ensure this didn't happen
marshall recommended spending a lot of
money
more than 12 billion dollars to be exact
the martial aid would be spent to help
the economies of western europe recover
after world war ii and make it less
likely to fall prey to communism
martial aid was effectively a propaganda
tool
a way of saying hey look at how wealthy
we are you don't need that communist
nonsense
stick with us and you'll be wealthy too
the aid was offered to all countries but
truman knew that the conditions were
such that they would probably not take
it up
stalin blocked czechoslovakia when they
considered accepting the financial
assistance on offer
so what was the soviet response
the ussr objected to the marshall plan
in the following ways
it declared martial aid to be dollar
imperialism and claimed the usa was
throwing its economic weight around
using it to gain influence in europe
it forbade the eastern bloc countries
under its control to apply for martial
aid it set out common form the communist
information bureau an organization which
had at its aim to tighten soviet control
in eastern europe to build collective
heavy industry in those countries and to
create trade network between communist
countries
it also established comic-con
the council of mutual economic
assistance to administer its own molotov
plan of financial aid to keep the
eastern bloc countries on side
lastly for today the berlin blockade and
berlin airlift 1948-1949
ever since the altar conference it has
been clear that berlin was going to be a
flash point in the cold war
and this came to a head in 1948
firstly germany had been divided into
four zones of occupation each controlled
by one of the
allies secondly the german capital
berlin lay inside the russian zone
and was also divided into four zones of
occupation
thirdly access to berlin for the allies
was by way of road rail and canal
and via three specific air corridors
so what was the cause of the berlin
blockade
stalin wanted germany to remain weak as
a strong germany could represent a
threat to the soviet union
the western allies disagreed and were
encouraging germany to rebuild in the
western sectors
this angered stalin who decided to force
the allies out of berlin
it is also important to note that at
this stage the ussr had not yet
developed its own atomic weapons
so what were the western allies doing in
berlin that made stalin so upset
firstly under the marshall plan the u.s
supplied goods to german shops for
workers to buy
this was a nice way of showing the
communists that america's capitalist
economy was flourishing
secondly at a meeting in london in
january 1948 britain and the usa joined
these zones together to create
buy zonier
and make it easier to administer them
france would later join and they'd
change the name to west germany
thirdly using money from the martial aid
program their allies were helping the
germans to rebuild their economy
this meant a new stable currency and
more jobs for workers in the western
sectors
the day after the new currency was
introduced the blockade was put in place
on the 24th of june 1948 stalin cut all
land access to berlin for the allies
this became known as the berlin blockade
stalin hoped the effect of the blockade
would be to make west berliners leave
and join the east
or that america might even withdraw from
berlin altogether
completing the communist takeover of the
eastern bloc
so what did the
berlin blockade mean for west berlin
firstly balloon could now only be
accessed by air resulting in a
restriction on the freedoms to travel
outside berlin for all germans
secondly a shortage of food
west berlin only had enough food for 36
days
thirdly a lack of basic goods like fuel
and medicines
what was the reaction of the western
allies
the berlin blockade is the first real
test for the american policy of
containment as forcing their way into
the city by land would have led to
another war
the allies decided that these sectors of
berlin
would be supplied by air
this became known as the berlin airlift
and it lasted for 11 months until the
blockade was lifted in may 1949
at the height of the berlin airlift a
plane landed at berlin's templehof
airport every minute
keeping west berlin supplied in this way
cost the usa
350 million dollars in britain 17
million pounds
stalin was powerless to stop the berlin
airlift to shoot down plane would have
provoked world war iii and at this stage
unlike the usa the ussr did not have
nuclear weapons
as the air corridors had been agreed at
yalta
the usa were doing nothing wrong as long
as they stuck to the boundaries of the
three air corridors
in the aftermath of the villain blockade
berlin remained a source of tension in
europe for the duration of the cold war
in april 1949 the usa britain and france
officially announced the formation
of the german federal republic or west
germany
elections in the german federal republic
in august 1949 resulted in a victory
for the anti-communist politician conrad
aidan now and
the christian democratic union
stalin responded to the formation of
nato with the warsaw pact in 1955
after west germany were admitted to nato
the warsaw pact was an alliance of the
communist countries of eastern europe
for their mutual defence
finally on the 29th of august 1949
the ussr exploded its first atomic bomb
the usa no longer had a monopoly on
nuclear weapons
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