A Mahatma Called Gandhi
Summary
TLDRThe script narrates the life of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, born in Porbandar, India, who overcame his shyness to become a pivotal figure in India's struggle for independence. His early influences, including the story of Shravan Kumar and the play on King Hari's Chandra, instilled in him a deep sense of devotion and truth. Despite initial struggles with vegetarianism and smoking, Gandhi's commitment to non-violence and simplicity led him to become a lawyer in England and later a leader in South Africa. His return to India marked the beginning of his fight against British rule, advocating for civil rights and unity among Indians. Known as Mahatma Gandhi, he employed non-violent protests, including the Salt March, to challenge British laws. Despite the partition and subsequent violence, Gandhi's efforts led to India's independence on August 15, 1947. His life, cut short by an assassination, left a lasting legacy of peace and unity.
Takeaways
- 👶 Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, known as Mahatma Gandhi, was born in Porbandar, India, and grew up to be a pivotal figure in India's struggle for independence.
- 🌱 As a child, Gandhi was shy and devoted to his mother, often accompanying her to the temple and being influenced by stories that emphasized devotion and truth.
- 📚 Gandhi's early education was unremarkable, but he was deeply affected by stories that promoted values such as devotion and truth, which shaped his character.
- 👨🎓 At 13, Gandhi was married to Kasturba, a common practice at the time, and later, he studied law in England, where he struggled with maintaining his vegetarianism but ultimately committed to it.
- 🌐 In England, Gandhi initially tried to assimilate by adopting English habits and dress but later embraced simplicity and vegetarianism, reflecting his evolving personal philosophy.
- 📚 Gandhi's exposure to various religious texts, including the Bhagavad-Gita and the Bible, during his time in England, contributed to his spiritual and philosophical development.
- 🚢 After returning to India, Gandhi practiced law but eventually moved to South Africa, where he witnessed and opposed racial discrimination against Indians.
- 🛡 In South Africa, Gandhi developed his methods of nonviolent resistance, leading to significant changes in laws that discriminated against Indians and other non-white populations.
- 🏡 Upon returning to India, Gandhi established an ashram and engaged in various forms of nonviolent civil disobedience to fight for the rights of farmers, workers, and the lower castes.
- 🧘♂️ Known as Mahatma, Gandhi led numerous protests against British rule, advocating for self-reliance and unity among Indians, which eventually contributed to India's independence.
- ⚖️ Gandhi's efforts to promote peace and unity between Hindus and Muslims in the aftermath of India's independence were a testament to his commitment to nonviolence and harmony.
- ☮️ Despite the success of India's independence, Gandhi's life was tragically cut short by an assassination, but his legacy as a champion of peace and nonviolent resistance endures.
Q & A
Where was Mahatma Gandhi born?
-Mahatma Gandhi was born in Porbandar.
What was the name of Mahatma Gandhi's father?
-Mahatma Gandhi's father's name was Karamchand Gandhi.
What significant event occurred in Mahatma Gandhi's life when he was 13 years old?
-At the age of 13, Mahatma Gandhi got married to Kasturba, a girl of his age, which was normal in those times.
Why did Mahatma Gandhi decide to give up eating meat?
-Mahatma Gandhi initially started eating meat to become strong but later gave it up to be true to his parents' vegetarian beliefs.
What promise did Mahatma Gandhi make to his mother before leaving for England?
-Before leaving for England, Mahatma Gandhi promised his mother that he would never touch meat or wine.
How did Mahatma Gandhi's experiences in South Africa influence his future actions in India?
-Mahatma Gandhi's experiences in South Africa, where he witnessed and fought against racial discrimination, shaped his nonviolent resistance strategies that he later applied in India's struggle for independence.
What was the significance of Mahatma Gandhi's Salt March?
-The Salt March was significant because it was a form of civil disobedience against the British monopoly on salt, which led to widespread defiance and arrests, ultimately challenging British rule.
How did Mahatma Gandhi's efforts contribute to the Quit India Movement?
-Mahatma Gandhi's efforts in the Quit India Movement involved rallying the nation to demand complete independence from British rule, leading to mass protests and civil disobedience.
Why was Mahatma Gandhi not present at the independence celebrations in Delhi on August 15, 1947?
-Mahatma Gandhi was not present at the independence celebrations in Delhi because he was in Calcutta, trying to maintain peace between Hindus and Muslims during the communal violence that followed partition.
What was the reaction of Mahatma Gandhi to the division of India and Pakistan?
-Mahatma Gandhi was deeply saddened by the division of India and Pakistan and worked towards promoting unity and peace between Hindus and Muslims, even going on fasts to encourage communal harmony.
Who assassinated Mahatma Gandhi, and what were the circumstances?
-Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated by a man named Naturam Godze, who was part of a Hindu extremist group that opposed Gandhi's efforts to promote peace between Hindus and Muslims.
Outlines
👶 Early Life and Transformation of Mahatma Gandhi
The first paragraph narrates the early life of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, born in Porbandar, India, to parents Karamchand Gandhi and Putlibai. As a shy child, he was deeply influenced by the stories of Shravan Kumar and Hari's Chandra, which instilled in him the values of devotion and truth. His marriage at the age of 13 to Kasturba and his subsequent experiences with vegetarianism and the struggle against personal vices like smoking are highlighted. The paragraph also covers Gandhi's education in England, his commitment to vegetarianism, and his eventual return to India after the death of his mother. His initial foray into law and his decision to work in South Africa set the stage for his future as a leader and activist.
🌟 Mahatma Gandhi's Fight for Equality and Independence
The second paragraph details Gandhi's experiences in South Africa, where he witnessed and opposed the discrimination faced by Indians. His 20-year stay in the country was marked by his activism, leading to significant concessions for Indian rights. Upon returning to India, Gandhi embarked on a journey to understand the plight of his countrymen and established an ashram. He is recognized as 'Mahatma' for his nonviolent protests against British rule, which included boycotts, civil disobedience, and fasting. Despite the challenges posed by violent protests, Gandhi's methods eventually led to India's independence on August 15, 1947. However, his efforts to maintain peace between Hindus and Muslims in the aftermath of independence were tragically cut short by his assassination. The paragraph concludes with a reflection on Gandhi's legacy as a champion of truth and justice.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Gandhi
💡Nonviolence
💡Civil Disobedience
💡Vegetarianism
💡Ashram
💡Salt March
💡Partition
💡Untouchables
💡Spinning Wheel
💡Assassination
Highlights
Birth of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi in Porbandar, India.
Gandhi's early life as a shy child deeply devoted to his mother.
Influence of the story of Shravan Kumar on Gandhi's devotion to his parents.
Gandhi's admiration for truth, inspired by the play on Hari's Chandra.
Marriage of Mohandas Gandhi to Kasturba at the age of 13.
Gandhi's struggle with vegetarianism and his eventual commitment to it.
Gandhi's early experiments with smoking and stealing, leading to a profound sense of guilt.
Gandhi's decision to study law in England and his promise to his mother.
Challenges Gandhi faced maintaining his vegetarianism in England.
Gandhi's realization of the superficiality of trying to imitate the English.
Gandhi's exposure to the Bhagavad-Gita and the Bible, shaping his spiritual beliefs.
Gandhi's return to India and his initial foray into law practice.
Gandhi's move to South Africa and his awakening to the plight of Indians there.
Gandhi's 20-year stay in South Africa fighting for Indian rights.
Gandhi's establishment of an ashram and his commitment to nonviolent protest.
The impact of Gandhi's nonviolent resistance on the Indian independence movement.
Gandhi's efforts to improve the lives of the lower caste Indians, known as 'untouchables'.
Gandhi's role in promoting unity between Hindus and Muslims.
Gandhi's Salt March, a pivotal act of civil disobedience against British rule.
The Quit India Movement led by Gandhi and its effect on British rule.
The partition of India and Pakistan, and Gandhi's efforts to maintain peace.
Gandhi's assassination and the legacy he left behind.
The enduring influence of Gandhi's philosophy of truth and nonviolence.
Transcripts
a mahatma called gandhi
many many years ago when the british
ruled india a baby boy was born in
porbandar
the parents karamchand gandhi and
putlibai were delighted with their
fourth child
but no one thought that this baby named
mohindas karamchand gandhi would grow up
and change the world forever
baby moen thus grew up to be a very shy
child
he rarely left his mother's side
he followed her around at home went with
her to the temple and sat through long
prayers
he was too shy to make friends at school
and would run back home to be with his
mother
when mohm das was about seven his family
moved to the town of rajcode
at school mondas was not a brilliant
student
he worked on his lessons to keep his
teachers happy he rarely read on his own
once however he happened to find a book
on the story of shravan kumar
it was about a youth so devoted to his
blind parents he carried them on his own
shoulders and took them on a pilgrimage
mondas vowed in his mind to be as
devoted to his parents as shravan kumar
around the same time he watched a play
on hari's chandra
it was about a king who suffered great
troubles because he always wanted to be
truthful
twelve-year-old mohandas started feeling
that truth could be worshiped like god
when moan thus was 13 his family decided
to get him married to kasturba a girl of
his age it was normal in those times to
get such young persons married
after a while mondas went back to school
his friend started coaxing him to eat
meat
mondas's family was vegetarian
yet he took to meet secretly after his
friend made him believe that it was the
only way to become strong
but soon monda started feeling it was
more important to be true to his parents
and so gave up meat
soon after moen thus caught a fancy for
smoking
he even started stealing coins to buy
cigarettes but he was soon overcome with
guilt and wrote a note confessing
everything to his father who was sick in
bed his father read the note with tears
in his eyes and tore it up
moan thus never cheated or lied again
when mondas completed college his father
had died
his elder brother and mother decided to
send him to england to become a lawyer
before leaving home he promised his
mother never to touch meat or wine
in england he found it difficult to keep
his promise
he had to go without a proper meal till
he found a vegetarian restaurant
moen thus met others there who had given
up meat by choice
he started reading books on being
vegetarian
soon he made up his mind to stay
vegetarian
but in dress and habits he tried to copy
the english
he spent a lot of money trying to look
talk and dance like an english gentleman
he gave up all this when he realized
that clothes would not change the person
inside him
he started living a simple life and
walked a lot this gave him good exercise
and also helped to save bus money
he made friends and read many books
one of them was the bhagavad-gita in
english
he also read and liked the bible which
was given to him by a christian friend
when he completed his studies
mondas set sail for india
things had changed at home however
his mother had died
his brother advised him to practice law
in the courts of bombay
mondas did not know much about indian
law and was too nervous to argue his
case in the court
back in rajcode mondas spent time
educating his son and nephew
when he got an offer to work in south
africa he thought it would be a good
chance to earn some money
but a very different future awaited the
24 year old who boarded the ship for
durban
in durban mowindas noticed that indians
were treated badly because they were not
white-skinned like their british rulers
on a cold night while traveling by train
mowindas was thrown out onto the
platform with his luggage
he was also beaten for refusing to get
down from a stage coach
mohandas did not sail back on the first
ship to india
he stayed for 20 years and helped
indians fight the british by opposing
british laws thousands of indians
including mohandas went to jail
finally the british government in south
africa was forced to accept indians as
equal citizens
mohindas returned to india eager to
serve his countrymen
for one year he traveled around the
country and tried to understand the
problems faced by people
he then set up an ashram on the banks of
the sabarmati
mohandas gandhi fought for the people
without touching weapons like guns and
knives
he helped farmers and factory workers
from champrin allahabad and kedah to
fight the british masters
people all over the country thought he
was like a saint
they started calling him mahatma gandhi
mahatma gandhi led the people's protest
against unfair laws imposed by the
british
shops across the country shut down
people stopped going to work
large bonfires were made with foreign
clothes
the spinning wheels started turning in
every household
people made their own cloth
thousands were arrested
but not everyone could follow gandhi's
difficult method of fighting the british
they started using violent means of
protest
whenever this happened it was gandhi who
fasted for many days praying for his
people and for peace
even when jailed gandhi used his time to
pray and spin
gandhi worked hard to improve the life
of lower caste indians who used to be
called untouchables
he urged hindus and muslims to be united
he taught people that cleanliness and
good habits were as important as prayer
gandhi and his followers openly defied
the british law against making salt
he walked for 241 miles along the
seacoast to dundee and lifted a lump of
salt left by the waves on the shore
this gave thousands of indians the
courage to defy the law and get arrested
though shaken the british government
would not leave india
so gandhi started the quit india
movement
the whole country asked the british to
leave and they did
but their policy of sowing hatred
between muslims and hindus broke the
country in two
india became free and pakistan was born
on august 15 1947.
the day india became free gandhi was not
present at the celebrations in delhi
he was in calcutta trying to make peace
between hindus and muslims
later in delhi he fasted for many days
until hindu and sikh leaders came to him
with a written promise that they would
not harm the muslims anymore
as gandhi loved all indians like his own
children he was often called babuji or
father of the nation
he cared deeply for hindus and muslims
alike
some hindu groups did not like this
one cold january evening
a few months after independence
a man called naturam godze
shot and killed gandhi
hey ram mathma gandhi called out as he
struggled for the last few breaths
it's been a long while since an ordinary
child called mohindas became mahatma
gandhi
yet even today when good people fight
wars for justice they remember this man
who had made such a habit of being
truthful
you
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