Protokol dan Persinyalan #18 - Arsitektur Jaringan 2G 3G 4G

CERDAS Bersama Damelia

4 Jul 202007:30

Summary

TLDRThis YouTube video script delves into the evolution of cellular network architecture from 1G to 4G. It explains the division of network architecture into two parts: the Radio Access Network (RAN) and the Core Network. The script covers the transition from GSM to 3G and 4G, detailing the components like BTS, BSC, MSC, and the interfaces used for communication. It also discusses the role of the Evolved Packet System (EPS) in 4G networks, highlighting the functions of MME, SGW, PGW, and PCRF. The video aims to provide a clear understanding of cellular network advancements.

Takeaways

📡 The script discusses the evolution of cellular network architecture from 1G to 4G.
🔌 It explains that cellular architecture is divided into two main parts: the Radio Access Network (RAN) and the Core Network.
🏢 RAN is responsible for the radio communication from the user to the nearest base station, while the Core Network handles the communication between switches.
📱 GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) is mentioned as the starting point of cellular networks, with Mobile Stations (MS) and Base Transceiver Stations (BTS).
🚩 The script describes the components of a BTS, including the transceiver and the antennas, which can be located at the top or bottom of a tower.
🔄 The function of the Base Station Controller (BSC) is highlighted, which controls multiple BTSs and connects to the Mobile Switching Center (MSC).
📶 In 3G networks, the user equipment is referred to as a UE (User Equipment), and the network components change, including the Node B (for BTS) and the Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN).
🌐 The script touches on the evolution to 4G networks, which use IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) technology and are divided into two parts: the E-UTRAN (for radio access) and the EPC (Evolved Packet Core).
🌐 The 4G network architecture simplifies the process by removing intermediaries like the BSC, allowing direct communication between eNodeB and EPC.
💵 The script also mentions the role of the Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF) in the 4G network for billing and charging, especially in roaming scenarios.
🔗 The importance of signaling in the network is discussed, with various interfaces like S1, S6, S11, S5, S8, and S7 being key to the control and data planes.

Q & A

What does RAN stand for in cellular network architecture?
-RAN stands for Radio Access Network, which is the part of the network that connects the user to the nearest base station using radio waves.
What is the role of BTS in a cellular network?
-BTS, or Base Transceiver Station, is responsible for managing communication between the user's mobile station and the network. It is typically located on a tower or beneath a bridge, depending on its position.
What are the two main components of a BTS?
-The two main components of a BTS are the transceiver (TRX) and the Baseband Module (BBM). The TRX is for modulation and multiplexing, while the BBM handles the actual communication with the user's mobile station.
How does the network architecture differ between 3G and 4G networks?
-In 3G networks, the architecture includes components like BSC (Base Station Controller) and RNC (Radio Network Controller), whereas 4G networks use an IP-based system called EPS (Evolved Packet System) which is divided into two parts: E-UTRAN for the radio access network and EPC for the core network.
What is the function of MSC in a 3G network?
-In a 3G network, MSC (Mobile Switching Center) is responsible for switching and controlling calls, as well as handling data and voice services.
What is the difference between SGSN and GGSN in a 3G network?
-SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node) is responsible for the delivery of data to and from the mobile station, while GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node) serves as a gateway to external packet data networks.
What does the term 'EPC' stand for in 4G networks?
-EPC stands for Evolved Packet Core, which is the core network part of the 4G LTE architecture that handles data transmission and routing.
What is the role of MME in a 4G LTE network?
-MME (Mobility Management Entity) is responsible for the control plane functions in an LTE network, such as mobility management and signaling for user data.
What is the purpose of PCRF in a 4G network?
-PCRF (Policy and Charging Rules Function) is used for policy enforcement and charging in a 4G network. It determines how data is billed and managed for services like roaming.
How does signaling work in a 4G network?
-Signaling in a 4G network is handled by the MME and involves the use of various interfaces like S1, S6, S11, S5, S8, and S7, which are controlled by the Diameter protocol.

Outlines

00:00

📡 Cellular Network Evolution Overview

This paragraph introduces the concept of cellular network architecture evolution, starting from the first generation (1G) to the fourth generation (4G). It explains that all network architectures are divided into two main parts: the Radio Access Network (RAN) and the Core Network. RAN is responsible for the connection from the user to the nearest base station using radio waves, while the Core Network handles the communication between switches. The paragraph begins with the GSM network, the first widely adopted cellular network, and describes the components such as the Mobile Station (MS), Base Transceiver Station (BTS), and the roles of different network elements like the Base Station Controller (BSC) and Mobile Switching Center (MSC). It also touches on the evolution to 3G and 4G networks, mentioning the changes in terminology and functionality, such as the addition of the Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) and Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) in 3G, and the adoption of the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) in 4G.

05:00

🚀 4G Network Architecture and Interfaces

The second paragraph delves into the specifics of the 4G network architecture, highlighting the shift from the 3G network's reliance on intermediate components like the BSC and RNC to a more direct communication model. It discusses the LTE (Long Term Evolution) packet system and how it is divided into two parts: the Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) and the Evolved Packet Core (EPC). The E-UTRAN handles the radio side, while the EPC manages data services. The paragraph explains the roles of the evolved components such as the eNodeB, which replaces the 3G's NodeB, and the evolved Packet Data Network Gateway (P-GW) and Serving Gateway (S-GW). It also mentions the Policy and Charging Rules Function (P-PCRF) for billing and the various interfaces used for signaling and data transfer, including S1, S6, S11, S5, S8, and S7. The paragraph concludes with a brief mention of the Diameter protocol used for controlling these interfaces.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡RAN (Radio Access Network)

RAN, or Radio Access Network, refers to the network of fixed transceivers that connect mobile users to the mobile network infrastructure. It is a crucial part of the cellular network architecture, handling the radio signals between the mobile devices and the core network. In the video, RAN is mentioned as the initial segment of the cellular network that connects users to the nearest base station using radio waves.

💡Core Network

The core network is the central part of a telecommunications network, responsible for switching and routing of data. It is what connects the RAN to the wider internet and other networks. In the video, the core network is described as the 'backbone' of the cellular network, where switches communicate with each other to manage data flow.

💡GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications)

GSM is a standard for mobile communication that describes the protocols for mobile phones to connect to the network. It is the foundation for 2G networks. The video discusses GSM as the starting point of cellular network evolution, where the user's mobile station (MS) communicates with the Base Transceiver Station (BTS).

💡BTS (Base Transceiver Station)

BTS is the part of the cellular network that connects the mobile stations to the network infrastructure. It is typically located on a tower and contains the necessary equipment for radio signal transmission and reception. The video explains that the BTS is the 'house' nearest to the user, facilitating communication via radio waves.

💡UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System)

UMTS is a 3G mobile broadband technology that provides greater data speeds than 2G technologies. It is part of the evolution from GSM to more advanced cellular networks. In the video, UMTS is discussed as a step up from GSM, where the user's equipment is referred to as a UE (User Equipment) instead of MS.

💡3G (Third Generation)

3G refers to the third generation of mobile telecommunications technology, characterized by faster data transfer rates and the ability to support more advanced services. The video explains how 3G networks evolved from 2G, with changes in the network architecture, such as the introduction of Node B (the 3G equivalent of BTS) and the use of different interfaces for voice and data.

💡4G (Fourth Generation)

4G is the fourth generation of mobile networks, offering high-speed data access and improved performance over 3G networks. It is based on the IP (Internet Protocol) packet switching technology. The video describes 4G as using the EPS (Evolved Packet System), which is divided into two parts: EPC (Evolved Packet Core) for the core network and e-UTRAN (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network) for the RAN.

💡EPC (Evolved Packet Core)

EPC is the core network architecture for 4G LTE networks. It is designed to be more efficient and flexible than previous core networks, supporting high-speed data and voice services. In the video, EPC is mentioned as the part of the 4G network that replaces the 3G core network components, streamlining the architecture and improving performance.

💡SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node)

SGSN is a network element in 3G networks that routes data between the radio access network and the core network. It also handles mobility management and authentication. The video explains that in 4G, the SGSN's role is taken over by the SGW (Serving Gateway), which is part of the EPC.

💡PGW (PDN Gateway)

PGW is a network element in 4G networks that connects the mobile network to external packet data networks, such as the internet. It also performs policy enforcement and charging functions. The video describes how the PGW is responsible for data routing and charging in the 4G network, replacing the GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node) from 3G networks.

💡Roaming

Roaming refers to the ability of a mobile device to connect to a different network than its home network while traveling. This allows users to maintain connectivity when they are outside their service provider's coverage area. The video discusses how roaming involves interactions between different operators and can affect billing, with costs potentially increasing due to the involvement of PCRF (Policy and Charging Rules Function) in the process.

Highlights

Introduction to the evolution of cellular network architecture from 1G to 4G.

Explanation of the division of network architecture into two main parts: Radio Access Network (RAN) and Core Network.

The role of Radio Access Network (RAN) in connecting users to the nearest base station using radio waves.

Core Network's function in facilitating communication between switches within the network.

Overview of the first generation network, GSM, and its components including Mobile Station (MS) and Base Transceiver Station (BTS).

Description of BTS and its location within a tower for antenna placement.

Differentiation between the lower and upper parts of a BTS, referred to as ER and RRH respectively.

Function of ER in modulation and multiplexing within the BTS.

Introduction to the 3G network and the change in user equipment from MS to UE (User Equipment).

The transformation of the network interface in 3G from MSC to SGSN for data services.

Explanation of how 3G networks handle voice and data services through different interfaces.

Introduction to 4G technology and its packet-based system, EPS (Evolved Packet System).

Differentiation between the E-UTRAN and EPC components of 4G networks.

The direct communication between eNB and EPC in 4G networks without the need for intermediate components like BSC and RNC.

Role of SGW and PGW in 4G networks for data services and their functions.

Function of PCRF in 4G networks for billing and charging purposes.

Explanation of signaling in 4G networks and its importance in the communication process.

Overview of various interfaces in 4G networks such as S1, S6, S11, S5, S8, and S7.

Closing remarks inviting viewers to ask questions and providing a summary of the cellular network evolution.