Perlawanan Bangsa Indonesia Terhadap Penjajahan Bangsa Eropa || Sejarah Indonesia Kelas 11 SMA

Summary

This video script delves into the historical resistance of the Indonesian people against Western colonial powers, including the Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, and English. It highlights various rebellions such as Demak's against the Portuguese in Malacca, Aceh's strategic defiance, and the significant uprisings led by Sultan Hasanuddin of Makassar, known as the 'rooster of the east.' The script also covers the Javanese Mataram's resistance against the Dutch VOC, the political maneuverings leading to the Giyanti and Salatiga Treaties, and the ultimate impact on Indonesian sovereignty. The narrative serves as a tribute to the heroic efforts of Indonesian warriors and a reminder to cherish and uphold the nation's hard-won independence.

Takeaways

• 🏰 The script discusses the resistance of the Indonesian people against Western colonial powers such as Spain, Portugal, the Netherlands, and England.
• 🛡 It highlights various regional resistances including Demak against the Portuguese in Malacca, Aceh against the Portuguese in Malacca, and Mataram Islam against Dutch colonization.
• 👑 Sultan Khairun of Ternate is mentioned as a key figure who fought against the Portuguese, leading to his tragic death in a peace negotiation betrayal.
• 🔥 Sultan Babullah continued the fight in Ternate and successfully expelled the Portuguese from the Maluku Islands in 1575.
• 🏛 Demak's Islamic kingdom in Java attempted to attack the Portuguese in Malacca in 1512-1515 and again in 1527, with Fatahillah leading the forces that eventually drove the Portuguese out, renaming Sunda Kelapa to Jayakarta.
• ⚔️ Aceh's strategic location and Sultan Iskandar Muda's efforts to expel the Portuguese from Malacca in 1629, although unsuccessful, are noted.
• 🏰 The Mataram Islamic kingdom's conflict with the Dutch VOC due to trade monopolies led to significant battles, including two major attacks on Batavia, both ending in failure for Mataram.
• 👥 The Gowa-Tallo resistance under Sultan Hasanuddin against VOC is highlighted, showcasing his bravery and the political maneuvering that eventually led to the signing of the Bongaya Treaty.
• 📜 The Bongaya Treaty's terms are summarized, including VOC's right to trade monopolies in Makassar, the establishment of Fort Rotterdam, and territorial concessions by Makassar.
• 🛡 The resistance by Raden Mas Said and Pangeran Mangkubumi against VOC is discussed, emphasizing their royal lineage and the political motivations behind their fight, which ended with the Giyanti and Salatiga Treaties.

Q & A

Which European nations colonized Indonesia?

The European nations that colonized Indonesia included Spain, Portugal, the Netherlands, and England.

What was the outcome of Sultan Khairun's conflict with the Portuguese in Ternate?

Sultan Khairun was killed by the Portuguese in their fort during a supposed peace meeting, which was a treacherous act by the Portuguese.

How did Sultan Babullah continue the resistance against the Portuguese after Sultan Khairun's death?

Sultan Babullah continued the resistance with widespread fighting across Ternate, eventually expelling the Portuguese from the Maluku Islands in 1575.

What was the significance of Demak's attack on the Portuguese in Malacca?

Demak's attack, led by Fatahillah, was significant because it resulted in the Portuguese being driven out of Batavia, which was then renamed Jayakarta, symbolizing victory.

Why did Sultan Iskandar of Aceh attempt to attack the Portuguese in Malacca?

Sultan Iskandar aimed to expel the Portuguese from Malacca due to its strategic location and his desire to control the region, but his attack in 1629 was unsuccessful.

What was the Mataram Islamic Kingdom's response to Dutch VOC's trading monopoly?

The Mataram Islamic Kingdom, after suffering losses due to the Dutch VOC's monopoly, retaliated by attacking the VOC in Batavia twice, though both attempts were unsuccessful.

What was the impact of the Mataram's second attack on the VOC in Batavia?

The second attack was well-prepared but failed due to Dutch spies revealing Mataram's tactics, leading to the Dutch army destroying Mataram's food supplies and causing widespread hunger among the troops.

Who was Sultan Hasanuddin and why was he significant in the resistance against the Dutch?

Sultan Hasanuddin was the ruler of the Makassar kingdom known for his bravery and significant resistance against the Dutch VOC. He was nicknamed 'the cock of the east' for his fierce opposition.

What were the terms of the Bongaya Treaty signed between Makassar and the Dutch?

The Bongaya Treaty allowed the VOC to monopolize trade in Makassar, permitted the Dutch to build Fort Rotterdam in the center of Makassar, and required Makassar to relinquish control over territories like Bone and outer islands.

How did the Dutch handle the resistance from Raden Mas Said and Pangeran Mangkubumi?

The Dutch ended the resistance from Raden Mas Said and Pangeran Mangkubumi by dividing the Mataram region into two through the Giyanti and Salatiga Treaties, giving Mangkubumi the western region and maintaining the eastern region under Pakubuwana III.