Documentary 'The Voluntourist': Is voluntourism doing more harm than good?
Summary
TLDRDas Drehbuch beleuchtet das Phänomen des Voluntourismus, einer jüngsten Reiseform, bei der jungen Menschen während ihrer Reisen lokale Gemeinschaften unterstützen. Es thematisiert die Beteiligung an Projekten wie dem Bauen, dem Lehren von Englisch oder der Arbeit in Waisenheimen. Kritiker werfen vor, dass diese kurzfristigen, unqualifizierten Engagements mehr Schaden als Nutzen bringen könnten, indem sie lokale Wirtschaften stören, Jobs wegnehmen oder die Entwicklung von Kindern beeinträchtigen, die sich an die Freiwilligen anpassen. Es wird auf die Notwendigkeit hingewiesen, sorgfältig zu recherchieren und kritisch zu denken, bevor man sich solchen Programmen anschließt.
Takeaways
- 🌐 **Voluntourismus als globales Phänomen:** Die Skripte zeigen, dass der Voluntourismus zu einer internationalen Trend geworden ist, bei dem jüngere Menschen während ihrer Reisen lokale Gemeinschaften unterstützen.
- 👥 **Vielfältigkeit der Helfer:** Personen verschiedener Nationalitäten und Altersgruppen sind bereit, ihre Zeit und Fähigkeiten während des Reisens für das Wohl anderer einzusetzen.
- 💼 **Keine besonderen Fähigkeiten erforderlich:** Voluntouristen müssen nicht über spezielle Fähigkeiten verfügen, werden jedoch oft erwartet, für die Teilnahme an Projekten zu bezahlen.
- 🏠 **Mindestaufenthaltsdauer:** Projekte verlangen in der Regel eine Mindestaufenthaltsdauer, um eine substanzielle Hilfe zu leisten.
- 💸 **Kosten und Finanzierung:** Die Beteiligung an Voluntourismusprojekten kann teuer sein, mit Kosten, die für Unterkunft, Verpflegung und Transport anfallen.
- 🤔 **Kritik und Zweifel:** Es gibt Bedenken, dass Voluntouristen möglicherweise mehr Schaden als Nutzen stiften, indem sie lokale Wirtschaften stören oder Jobs wegnehmen.
- 👶 **Auswirkungen auf Kinder:** Die emotionale Bindung zwischen Kindern und kurzfristigen Voluntouristen kann zu negativen Auswirkungen führen, wenn die Helfer nach kurzer Zeit gehen.
- 🏫 **Unterricht und Lernen:** Die Diskussion um die Effektivität von kurzfristigem Unterricht durch unerfahrene Helfer und die Notwendigkeit, lokale Lehrer zu trainieren, ist ein wichtiger Punkt.
- 🌱 **Langfristige Auswirkungen:** Die langfristigen Auswirkungen von Voluntourismus auf die Entwicklung von Gemeinden und Ländern werden kritisch betrachtet.
- 🌟 **Selbstreflexion und Kritik:** Viele Helfer reflektieren über ihre eigenen Motivationen und die mögliche Selbstdarstellung, die mit dem Wunsch, etwas Gutes zu tun, verbunden ist.
- ⚖️ **Ethik und Kritik:** Die Debatte um die Ethik des Voluntourismus und die Kritik, dass er eine neue Form des Kolonialismus sein könnte, wird angesprochen.
Q & A
Was ist Voluntourismus?
-Voluntourismus ist eine Form des Tourismus, bei der Reisende während ihrer Reise zur Unterstützung von lokalen Gemeinschaften helfen, indem sie bauen, Englisch unterrichten oder in Waisenheimen arbeiten, um nur einige Möglichkeiten zu nennen.
Wie lange ist die Mindestaufenthaltsdauer für Freiwillige in den genannten Projekten?
-Die Mindestaufenthaltsdauer variiert, aber in einem der erwähnten Projekte beträgt sie zwei Wochen, obwohl es auch Möglichkeiten gibt, für weniger Zeit teilzunehmen.
Wie hoch sind die geschätzten Ausgaben für weltweites Voluntourismus pro Jahr?
-Schätzungen zufolge nehmen jährlich 1,6 Millionen Menschen an Voluntourismus-Projekten teil und spenden zwischen 800 Millionen und 1,3 Milliarden Pfund.
Was sind die häufigsten Gründe, die Personen zum Voluntourismus motivieren?
-Die häufigsten Gründe für das Voluntourismus sind das Aussehen auf dem Lebenslauf, das Interesse an der Erfahrung, das Verbinden mit lokalen Menschen und der Umwelt sowie das Gefühl, etwas zurückzugeben, da man sich als privilegiert ansieht.
Wie wird das Phänomen des Voluntourismus von Kritikern betrachtet?
-Kritiker sehen Voluntourismus oft als eine Form des Kolonialismus oder als eine sehr herablassende Art der Hilfe, die Klischees und voreingenommene Vorstellungen von Armut verbreitet.
Was sind einige der potenziellen negativen Auswirkungen des Voluntourismus auf lokale Gemeinden?
-Potenzielle negative Auswirkungen können die Störung der lokalen Wirtschaft, das Wegnehmen von Arbeitsplätzen von Einheimischen und die Störung der Entwicklung von Kindern sein, die sich emotional an die Freiwilligen anschließen.
Welche Alternativen gibt es zum Voluntourismus, um eine positive Wirkung zu erzielen?
-Alternativen zum Voluntourismus umfassen die Teilnahme an lokalen Gemeinschaftsprojekten zu Hause, das Lesen von Nachrichten, das Aufmerksamsein für globale Ereignisse, das Unterzeichnen von Petitionen, das Lobbyieren, das Wählen, das Spenden an NGOs oder das regelmäßige Freiwilligenarbeit in der Heimat.
Warum sind einige NGOs kritisch gegenüber kurzfristigem, unqualifiziertem Freiwilligenarbeit?
-Einige NGOs sind kritisch, weil sie glauben, dass der Wechsel von verschiedenen Lehrern in kurzen Zyklen die Schüler stören kann und dass es besser wäre, lokale Lehrer mit Fähigkeiten auszubilden, um eine langfristigere und positivere Wirkung zu erzielen.
Wie hoch sind die Kosten für die Teilnahme an Voluntourismus-Projekten und wie werden diese in der Regel verwendet?
-Die Kosten variieren, aber ein Teilnehmer hat beispielsweise 2000 Pfund für zehn Wochen bezahlt, was für Unterkunft, Verpflegung und Transport, jedoch nicht für die Flüge, gerechnet wurde. Ein anderer Teilnehmer hat 7,5 Millionen Rupien für vier Wochen bezahlt, was ungefähr 500 Euro entspricht.
Was sind die Hintergründe und Motive der Freiwilligen, die in den Interviews im Skript erwähnt werden?
-Die Freiwilligen kommen aus verschiedenen Ländern und haben verschiedene Motive, wie das Verlangen, eine andere Welt zu sehen, das Bewusstsein für ihre Privilegien und das Verlangen, etwas zurückzugeben, sowie das Interesse an der persönlichen Entwicklung und dem Aufbau von Lebenserfahrungen.
Outlines
🌍 Voluntourismus als internationale Trend
Der erste Absatz stellt den Trend des Voluntourismus vor, bei dem jüngere Menschen während ihrer Reisen lokale Gemeinschaften unterstützen, indem sie bauen, englisch unterrichten oder in Waisenheimen arbeiten. Es wird erwähnt, dass es keine besonderen Fähigkeiten oder eine lange Zeit erfordert, aber die Teilnehmer normalerweise zahlen müssen. Die Teilnehmer kommen aus verschiedenen Ländern und haben unterschiedliche Gründe für ihre Teilnahme, wie das Aussehen auf dem Lebenslauf oder die Verbindung mit der Umgebung und den Menschen. Es wird auch auf die finanzielle Auswirkung dieses Trends eingegangen, mit jährlichen Ausgaben von 800 Millionen bis 1,3 Milliarden Pfund.
🤔 Die Motivation hinter Voluntourismus
Dieser Absatz untersucht die Motivationen der Freiwilligen und stellt kritische Perspektiven auf den Voluntourismus dar. Die Freiwilligen kommen aus der Überzeugung, dass sie eine positive Veränderung bewirken können, oft aber ist die tatsächliche Auswirkung auf sie selbst oder auf ihr eigenes Wohlfühlgefühl gerichtet. Es wird auch auf die potenziellen negativen Auswirkungen hingewiesen, wie die Störung der lokalen Wirtschaft oder die Entfremdung von Kindern von den Freiwilligen, die nur kurze Zeit bleiben.
💸 Der Geschäftsmodell des Voluntourismus
Der dritte Absatz thematisiert das Geschäftsmodell hinter Voluntourismus-Reisen, bei dem Organisationen von den guten Absichten der Freiwilligen profitieren. Es wird auf die hohen Kosten eingegangen, die die Teilnehmer für ihre Teilnahme zahlen, und wie diese Reisen oft als eine Art Kolonialismus oder als eine sehr herablassende Form der Hilfe dargestellt werden. Es wird auch auf die potenziellen negativen Auswirkungen eingegangen, wie die Störung der lokalen Wirtschaft, die Entfremdung von Kindern oder die Ausnutzung von Wohlwollenden.
👶 Die Auswirkungen auf lokale Kinder
In diesem Absatz wird die Beziehung zwischen den Freiwilligen und den Kindern, die sie unterstützen, untersucht. Es wird beschrieben, wie die Kinder emotional an die Freiwilligen gebunden werden können, was für sie schädlich sein kann, wenn die Freiwilligen nach kurzer Zeit wieder gehen. Es wird auch auf die Herausforderungen hingewiesen, die mit der kontinuierlichen Wechsel von Freiwilligen einhergehen, was die pädagogische Arbeit erschwert.
🤷♀️ Kritik am Voluntourismus
Der fünfte Absatz präsentiert eine kritische Sicht auf den Voluntourismus und stellt ihn als eine Form der Neokolonialismus dar, der Klischees und voreingenommene Vorstellungen von Armut verbreitet. Es wird auf die Diskrepanz zwischen dem Wunsch der Freiwilligen, etwas Gutes zu tun, und der tatsächlichen Wirkung ihrer Bemühungen eingegangen, die oft mehr auf Selbstverwirklichung als auf nachhaltige Hilfe abzielt.
🌐 Alternativen zum Voluntourismus
Der letzte Absatz diskutiert alternative Wege, um eine positive Wirkung zu erzielen, anstatt sich dem Voluntourismus anzuschließen. Es wird betont, wie wichtig es ist, kritisch zu denken und gut recherchierte Entscheidungen zu treffen, bevor man sich für ein solches Programm einsetzt. Es werden auch alternative Möglichkeiten zur Hilfe angeboten, wie der Beitrag zur lokalen Gemeinschaft, das Informieren über globale Themen oder die Unterstützung von NGOs durch Spenden.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Voluntourism
💡Skillset
💡Impact
💡Sustainability
💡Cultural Exchange
💡Privilege
💡Paternalism
💡Colonialism
💡Ethical Considerations
💡Alternatives to Voluntourism
Highlights
Voluntourism has become a popular trend where young people help local communities during their travels.
Volunteers engage in various activities such as construction work, teaching English, and working in orphanages.
Voluntourism projects have a global reach, with 1.6 million participants annually.
Volunteers often pay to participate in these projects, contributing to an industry worth 800 million to 1.3 billion pounds.
Volunteers are not required to have specific skills and can participate for short periods.
Some voluntourism projects have a minimum stay requirement, such as two weeks.
Volunteers are motivated by a desire to help, enhance their CV, and gain unique experiences.
Voluntourism is criticized for potentially doing more harm than good, including disturbing local economies and exploiting volunteers' good intentions.
Some organizations discourage unskilled, short-term volunteering due to its potential negative impact.
Volunteers may inadvertently contribute to the dependency of local communities on foreign aid.
The financial aspect of voluntourism is questioned, with some volunteers paying significant amounts for their experience.
Critics argue that voluntourism can perpetuate stereotypes and patronizing attitudes towards developing countries.
There is a debate on whether short-term volunteering provides meaningful help or is more about the volunteers' personal gain.
Volunteers often feel a deep connection with the communities they serve, but the impact of their short stays is questioned.
The voluntourism industry is accused of profiting from selling poverty and exploiting the goodwill of young people.
Alternatives to voluntourism are suggested, such as local volunteering, political engagement, and donating to NGOs.
It is emphasized that careful research is necessary before participating in voluntourism to ensure the projects are ethical and effective.
Transcripts
Over the past few years, a new form of tourism has become increasingly popular and evolved
into a true international trend.
It seems being a regular tourist, travelling and discovering the world is not enough anymore.
More and more young people now decide to help local communities during their trip, by doing
construction work, teaching English or working in orphanages, to name only a few options…
This trend is known as voluntourism.
What’s your name? How old are you? Megan Agnew, and I’m 18. Where are you from?
England.
My name is Nikki, I’m from Holland, I’m 23 today.
My name is Jonathan Walton and I’m from Belgium and I’m 22 years old.
My name is Megan Milne, I’m from South Africa, I’m 20 years old.
My name is Max Schaeffer, I am a university student at the University of Wisconsin Madison
in the US, I’m 20 years old and volunteering in Vang Vieng.
Volunteers don’t need to have a particular set of skills or to be there for a long period of time
But most of the time they are expected to pay in order to participate in the projects.
Do you have a minimum stay for the volunteers?
Yes actually, our minimum is two weeks. But of course, we never close our door.
Some people, visitor or volunteer they also can come for a few days, they can share what they are.
It is estimated that every year 1.6 million people participate in volunteer tourism projects
around the world, spending between 800 million to 1.3 billion pounds.
So why did I want to volunteer in the first place? For the same general reasons as everyone,
it looks good on the CV; it’s interesting you know…
Volunteering is not just helping people. I think it’s also how you connect with the
local people, the environment, the people here are very welcoming and it’s something
it's something unique that they can see here and that’s why they come here, the whole experience not
only helping the students but also the local people, the local things that they can get
here that they cannot in their country.
I always wanted to go to this part of Asia, I was unsure about Thailand I’d love to see it
but I slightly wanted to see somewhere completely, completely unfamiliar,
not many of my friends had been to Cambodia,
kind of felt like I wanted to do something a little bit different,
to get out, to break away a bit, to get out of normality, speak to new people
speak to new people
Why do you think they come here the volunteers?
I think they come here because they want to help.
That’s the first impression I get from them, they will want to help.
I’m travelling. Why not see a different part of the world where people are less fortunate?
I always realized that I was fortunate, my parents always brought me up realizing that
I was fortunate, that nothing was that easy in life. Every time I say to my mum: “Oh
5 days of work sucks” she’s like “welcome to the real world because this is how it goes”.
So I was brought up this way and I felt like I could do so much more, and I don’t have
to give my life to it, and I don’t have to change everything and I don’t have to
change the world because I don’t believe, it’s obviously not that easy but I felt
like I could definitely give back a little, with my own time and money, compared to not doing anything at all
It just feels nice to kind of share something with someone else because being from the first
world you have to realise that it’s a minority of the world population and it’s a dice
roll that put you there and so it’s kind of your job, you’ve been endowed with more
money, you’ve had a better education so why not share it with someone else?
Try and help other people reach that standard?”
You think that’s why people volunteer in general?
I have no idea.
I would say that first, it must come from their… compassion, commitment.
They want to contribute something that they have to third world countries, especially to the people
and younger generations of this country. And the second one, maybe I’m wrong, they may
want to build up their skills or their experience, and then they learn somehow, during their
work with us, they learn more about the real life, the culture and that’s a part of knowledge
for them to build up for their better, future employment. So this is something that I understand.
Amy and Sarah both work for an educational NGO called Pepy in Cambodia.
They actively discourage unskilled, short term volunteering.
So many of the volunteers who are coming to Cambodia, as one example but all over the
world, they are coming with a genuine desire and a genuine belief that they are going to
make a difference and more often than not it’s just a difference on themselves or
it’s made them feel happy rather than actually making a difference.
And there is some good in that of course, there’s a lot of happy people,
but it’s just the long term impact of a conveyor belt of a different teacher every week
when it could be one amazing Cambodian teacher that could have received the support
from all those international people that have skills to offer to make that one teacher incredible.
In a globalised world where information is so easily accessible, young people are becoming
more and more aware of the disparities that exist in the world.
And voluntourism is seen as a good way for them to help those who are less fortunate.
But without any skills and over short periods of time, how much do you truly help?
My experience? It was really nerve wrecking when I first got here. I never had any teaching experience
We have to do all this farming and then I asked 'so what's the objective of this farm?'
First of all it’s not very clear, they said we’re going to plant some mangoes because
we do this mango jam to support financially our activities of building schools so we’re
going to use those mangoes but also, they want to show local farmers how to grow fruit
with less waste; but then we asked: ‘why can’t we do it directly at the farms? Why
do we have to build a new farm?’ I don’t know, the farming project is a bit weird…
I’m going to try to… But as I said they’re very flexible so if I say I don’t want to
work at this farm anymore, they’ll say ok”.
At the beginning they sent us on a project to build a well, which was really rewarding
at the end but we were far more of a burden on this building than a help, completely.
And that’s when I got really angry because I felt really patronized: “Oh let them dig
a well, let them feel like they’re contributing to the world’.
I think the important question is: if you were an unskilled teacher at home in the UK, or France
would you be allowed to wade into a school and take over a class for two weeks?
The answer is probably no, it wouldn’t be acceptable to do that. And so why is there
this consciousness within the travel industry that it is acceptable to do that in a developing country?
And why do you think?
I paid £2000
For ten weeks.
For accomodation, food and transport
But not my flights.
I paid for four weeks 7.5 million Rupiahs, so that’s around 500 euros for four weeks
including accommodation and food.
7.5 million rupiahs for a month, you told me the first day I was here, the average salary?
Is 1 million.
Is it justified for you now?
Yes.
We gave a donation to each project that we worked for of a £100.
The motives behind it aren’t humanitarian or charitable, in any way
Why don’t you think?
Because I just don’t… I think it’s more of a trip and then let’s throw in some volunteering.
It’s frustrating when you see the amount of money that you hand over…
there are 13 of us in one house and yeah we get food and water
for £2000 whatever it was
you just… you question it quite a lot.
In 2010, one of the major volunteer sending agencies reported to have had an annual turnover
of 24 million dollars. Making over 3 million dollars in profits.
It seems selling poverty, and exploiting the good intentions of volunteers
is a profitable business
On top of taking advantage of the good will of volunteers, voluntourism trips can also
be at risk of doing more harm than good:
disturbing local economies, taking jobs away from local people,
disturbing the growth and development of children who get emotionally attached to the volunteers…
Do you think volunteers can also have a negative impact?
I can see that being an issue. I don’t know what you can do to solve it other than not
volunteer, but I think they also do good work.
A lot of young volunteers come and do construction work which you can just pay local people to do
or they do English teaching but a lot of the time rather than training local teachers,
which would be hard in two weeks anyway
it’s direct classroom interaction which, when you have different volunteers coming
in on two weeks cycles is kind of disruptive for the students. I’m not sure how much they actually learn?
I know there’s also problems with bad organisations where volunteers can come and feed into a
bad organisation. I know there are some in Thailand that exploit children that you have
to watch out for and orphanages that would take things away from children when volunteers
come in the hope that people would give back. It’s something you have to watch out for.
We were very aware of other things that were taking place within Cambodia.
Exposing children to adults who you don’t know anything about and putting them in dangerous situations
and thankfully we never had that situation within our organisation
but we absolutely didn’t want to be at risk of that kind of thing
I wanted to really be in contact with children, that’s why I decided to come here.
You create such a bond with the children and I’m sure every volunteer does, but your bond feels
so special and unique with them. It must be terrible for them, also because they do, they
get attached to the volunteers and to their teachers and then the volunteer just leaves
and they get a new person
Cho is a Cambodian tour guide for Pepy Tours and he has met a lot of short-term volunteers during his work
If they are coming and doing with the wrong organisation, they will end up teaching English,
they have a week or two weeks, they might end up just doing the same as the other people
have done 20, 30 times already, the same kind of activities and the “head, knees and toes”
and all of that. It’s not a bad thing but if you are the kids who study or stay or live in that orphanage
or that organisation then what’s the point?
It’s a really rewarding task because the kids are so nice and at the end they’re
always really respectful, they say hello and thank you very much and they really like you
but you should be there for longer… the task should be more consistent, so you get
to know more the kids… For I think three weeks there’s been a different volunteer
every week so we’ve done the same thing all over again and it’s difficult to come
and assess the English level of the kids.
All the white people who stay here are volunteers. So the village knows, when they see white people
they know they belong here and the kids all know you, so when I go out to the supermarket,
and the kids come out of school
you hear your name like 20 times, and that’s amazing because they learn to appreciate you,
you see how much they value you. So they love us I think as volunteers also depending on
how you are with them, and that’s nice, it makes you feel appreciated.
Volunteering is such an odd oxymora between selfishness and selflessness. It’s hard to
understand in yourself. You want to give but
at the same time you drive so much personally from that giving
I think it’s quite a tricky issue.
Why do you think you do it?
It’s such a tricky question, because I sometimes question myself as well,
not in that I don’t enjoy it but sometimes you kind of look at yourself and you think:
“am I just doing this to make myself better?" whatever upbringing you may have had
Recently, critics have been stronger and stronger towards this type of volunteering with people
raising awareness about the dangers of poorly arranged voluntourism trips.
Ruth Taylor is one of them
Sending planeloads of 18 year olds who are unskilled and unqualified into a host community,
you are potentially putting a burden on that community, not giving them support for local initiatives
And you’ve got to ask yourself what the assumption is. And the assumption is, unfortunately
that we’re Western, we’re well educated, we’re usually white.
Why the hell would we be better at doing development than those communities?
And why definitely, would we be better as an 18 year old who’s never done this before,
who’s potentially, never ever volunteered in their lives?
Do you think you’re making an impact by coming here?
I’d like to think so.
I can’t say for certain that it’s more or less than what anyone else could have done
but I’d like to think I do.
Voluntourism trips are often described as being another form of colonialism or a very
patronising form of help.
It is also blamed for spreading clichés and preconceived ideas about poverty.
The discrimination level here is insane, especially in places like these where there’s not a
lot of white people. You’re white: you have money. They don’t know how much but they
think you have all the money in the world. They have no idea of how much money we have,
they know it’s more than what they have, they think it’s never ending as well.
I think there’s a danger with this kind of trend of unskilled, young usually volunteers
coming and building something or teaching in a class… The message that that sends
out to the local community is: “ we’re more capable than you”.
Even though actually you’re probably not
You're telling people that they should be dependent on you
And why do you think, because that's fair enough if they want to help...
I think most people want to help
but why come all this way? Why come to Cambodia?
I think a lot of people believe that Cambodia is in extreme poverty. Again, that's based on my opinions
And when you go somewhere very extreme or poor, then it makes you feel, not make you feel
but you want to be a part of it, you want this country to be better,
like the other countries, like the rest of the world.
But for me I grew up here and I live here, I study here, I work here… Sometimes I feel
uncomfortable with some of the organisations or orphanages, viewing Cambodia and generalizing
that we need this, we need that, we need this thing and that we need that thing to make
us this way or to make us that way… Really? Is it how you view Cambodia?
A lot of these kind of travel companies really, that are selling like save the world vacations
put a lot of time, energy and resources into creating media that send out a very clear
message of like : ‘you can have a positive impact, you can save a child’s life’,
A lot of it is actively encouraging people people not to think critically.
We do send young, inexperienced, unskilled people to nations in the global South to do
‘development’. Whereas development is, arguably, the most complicated sector in the world
It seems weird when you think about it right?
I wouldn’t do it in this way again. Really? I feel like it’s very manufactured.
I really enjoy the projects, I love teaching, being around the kids and contributing in that way,
but sometimes you feel almost patronised, like, let’s take these 10 posh kids from
England, make them feel like they’re doing something good for the world, they’ll go
back home, faff around at university and maybe get an OK job.
The fact that so many people want to help is exciting.
But voluntourism might not be the way to go.
There are right ways to volunteer, good programs and good organisations however you should
research carefully before you decide to go. It’s easy to become a victim of this market
where your good intentions will be exploited for money and it is crucial to think critically
before engaging yourself in this kind of programs.
There are also other ways to help: being an engaged citizen at home, reading the news,
being aware of what is going on in the world, signing petitions, lobbying, voting, donating
money to NGOs, or volunteering on a regular basis at home.
These alternatives might not be as glamorous or glorifying as a two-week voluntourism trip
in an exotic country, but they might have more impact and be less at risk of doing more harm than good
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