Diplomasi 101 Ep. 7: Perjanjian Internasional

MoFA Indonesia

7 Oct 202010:40

Summary

TLDRThis video script delves into the intricacies of international agreements, using relatable analogies to explain how Indonesia, as a sovereign state, engages in diplomacy to secure treaties with other nations and international organizations. It outlines the process from initial exploration of cooperation potential to negotiation, drafting, signing, ratification, and implementation. The script emphasizes the importance of these agreements in protecting national interests, promoting economic growth, and maintaining global peace, while also highlighting Indonesia's historical and ongoing diplomatic efforts.

Takeaways

😀 Promises made between friends can be compared to international agreements made between countries.
🌐 Indonesia engages in international agreements to foster cooperation with other nations and international organizations.
📜 International agreements are written documents that outline the terms of cooperation, such as trade, investment, border security, and cultural exchange.
🏛️ The Vienna Convention of 1969 and Indonesian Law No. 24 of 2000 define the criteria for what constitutes an international agreement.
📝 There are various types of international agreements, including treaties, agreements, and memorandums of understanding, each serving different purposes.
🤝 The process of creating an international agreement involves exploration, negotiation, drafting, and ratification.
🏢 The Treaty Room in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Indonesia is where original signed international agreements are archived.
🏛️ Indonesia's international agreements serve to protect national interests, such as territorial integrity, economic growth, and cultural heritage.
🌟 Indonesia has been involved in significant international agreements since its struggle for independence, including the Linggarjati Agreement and UNCLOS.
🔍 The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) is crucial for Indonesia as an archipelagic nation to manage its maritime resources and boundaries.

Q & A

What is the significance of international agreements according to the script?
-International agreements are significant as they are a result of good relationships between countries, formalized through written agreements that outline cooperation in various areas such as trade, investment, border security, and combating narcotics.
How does the script describe the process of making international agreements?
-The script describes the process of making international agreements as similar to forming personal relationships, where initial exploration of potential cooperation is followed by negotiations, drafting of the agreement, and finally signing and ratification.
What is the role of the President and the Minister of Foreign Affairs in signing international agreements as per the script?
-The President and the Minister of Foreign Affairs are the ones authorized to sign international agreements on behalf of Indonesia, and they must have a full power document, known as 'surat kuasa,' to do so.
What is the purpose of ratification in the context of international agreements as mentioned in the script?
-Ratification is the process of approving international agreements within a country's national law, ensuring that the agreements are legally binding and can be implemented.
How does the script explain the term 'Memorandum of Understanding' in the context of international agreements?
-The script explains that a 'Memorandum of Understanding' is a type of international agreement that is usually bilateral and emphasizes the friendly relations between two countries, often focusing on cooperation in specific areas.
What is the importance of the Treaty Room in the Indonesian Ministry of Foreign Affairs as described in the script?
-The Treaty Room in the Indonesian Ministry of Foreign Affairs is important as it is where the original documents of international agreements signed by Indonesia are stored, including the oldest agreement signed in 1947.
Why does Indonesia need international agreements according to the script?
-Indonesia needs international agreements to protect the nation's interests, benefit the country, and maintain its sovereignty, as well as to engage in various international efforts such as environmental protection and maintaining world peace.
What is the script's stance on the importance of keeping promises in international agreements?
-The script emphasizes the importance of keeping promises in international agreements by comparing it to personal relationships, where trust and commitment are crucial for the success and longevity of the partnership.
How does the script relate the process of making international agreements to the process of forming personal relationships?
-The script relates the process of making international agreements to forming personal relationships by drawing parallels between the initial exploration of potential cooperation, the negotiations, and the final commitment to an agreement.
What is the role of monitoring and evaluation (monev) in the implementation of international agreements as per the script?
-Monitoring and evaluation (monev) is the process of reviewing the implementation of international agreements to ensure they continue to be beneficial to Indonesia, with the Minister of Foreign Affairs regularly reporting to the President.
What are some examples of international agreements that Indonesia has been involved in, as mentioned in the script?
-Indonesia has been involved in various international agreements such as the Linggarjati Agreement, the New York Agreement, and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), which are significant for recognizing Indonesia's independence and sovereignty, as well as managing maritime boundaries and resources.

Outlines

00:00

🌐 Understanding International Agreements

This paragraph introduces the concept of international agreements, comparing them to personal promises and commitments. It explains that Indonesia, like individuals, makes agreements with other nations and international organizations to foster cooperation. These agreements can cover various areas such as trade, investment, border security, drug eradication, education, culture, and health cooperation during pandemics. The paragraph emphasizes the importance of written agreements as a form of proof that all parties involved have agreed to the terms and are committed to fulfilling them. It also touches on the different types of international agreements, such as treaties, agreements, and memorandums of understanding, and their purposes.

05:00

📜 The Process of Crafting International Agreements

This paragraph delves into the process of creating international agreements, starting with the identification of potential areas for cooperation that align with national interests. It then discusses the negotiation phase, where diplomats engage in discussions to draft the agreement's terms. The drafting process is where the negotiated points are put into writing. Once both parties agree on the draft, the agreement is signed, which does not necessarily mean it is immediately effective. Some agreements require ratification, which is the process of incorporating the agreement into national law, either through legislation or presidential decree. The paragraph also mentions the implementation phase, where the agreement is reviewed to ensure it continues to benefit the country. If it does, it is continued; if not, it can be terminated.

10:02

🏛️ The Significance and Storage of International Agreements

The final paragraph highlights the importance of international agreements for Indonesia's sovereignty and national interests. It mentions historical agreements like the Linggarjati Agreement, the New York Agreement, and the Round Table Conference, which were crucial for Indonesia's recognition of independence. The paragraph also notes Indonesia's participation in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), which governs the use of the world's oceans and has been instrumental in protecting Indonesia's maritime boundaries. The paragraph concludes by emphasizing the role of international agreements in safeguarding the country's territorial integrity, enhancing defense capabilities, boosting the economy, and protecting the welfare of its citizens, among other benefits.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡International Agreement

An international agreement is a formal accord between two or more countries or international organizations, usually in written form, to establish obligations and rights governed by international law. In the video, this concept is central as it discusses how Indonesia engages in such agreements to promote national interests, whether in trade, defense, or cultural exchanges.

💡Treaty

A treaty is a specific type of international agreement that can be bilateral, regional, or multilateral, and deals with specific subjects like taxation or cultural protection. The video mentions treaties as one of the key forms of international agreements that Indonesia enters into to formalize cooperation on various issues, ensuring mutual benefits.

💡Ratification

Ratification is the formal process by which a country confirms its consent to be bound by an international agreement, usually requiring approval from national legal bodies like parliaments. In the video, ratification is compared to seeking parental approval before marriage, highlighting its importance in legitimizing international agreements within national law.

💡Diplomatic Negotiation

Diplomatic negotiation refers to the process where diplomats from different countries engage in discussions to draft and finalize the terms of an international agreement. The video compares this to personal negotiations, emphasizing the strategic and often complex nature of these discussions, which are crucial for aligning the agreement with national interests.

💡Memorandum of Understanding (MoU)

A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) is a type of international agreement that typically outlines mutual understanding and intentions between countries, often focusing on friendship and cooperation. The video describes MoUs as agreements that are usually bilateral and more informal than treaties, like agreements on technological cooperation or trade promotion.

💡Fullpower

Fullpower is the authority granted to representatives, such as presidents or foreign ministers, to sign international agreements on behalf of their country. The video explains that only certain officials have the power to bind a country to an international agreement, ensuring that such commitments are made with proper legal authority.

💡Vienna Convention 1969

The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969) is a key international treaty that provides a framework for creating and interpreting international agreements. The video references this convention to define what constitutes an international agreement, emphasizing the legal standards that must be met for an agreement to be recognized internationally.

💡Bilateral Agreement

A bilateral agreement is an international agreement involving two parties, usually two countries, to address specific issues of mutual interest. The video highlights Indonesia's participation in bilateral agreements, such as those concerning border management or cultural exchange, to enhance cooperation and address shared concerns.

💡National Interest

National interest refers to the strategic goals and priorities of a country, including its economic, security, and cultural objectives. The video stresses that Indonesia’s engagement in international agreements is always guided by the need to protect and advance its national interests, ensuring that the agreements contribute positively to the country's development.

💡UNCLOS (United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea)

UNCLOS is an international treaty that defines the rights and responsibilities of nations in their use of the world's oceans, aiming to promote the peaceful use of maritime resources. The video discusses Indonesia's involvement in UNCLOS as a major achievement in safeguarding its maritime boundaries and resources, particularly in protecting its fisheries from illegal activities.

Highlights

Indonesia, as a sovereign state, engages in international agreements to protect national interests and benefit the country.

International agreements are a result of good relationships between countries, formalized through written agreements.

Agreements can cover various aspects such as trade, investment, border security, drug eradication, education, culture, and health cooperation.

According to the Vienna Convention 1969, an international agreement is a consent given by two or more states to establish inter-state relations according to international law.

Under Indonesian law, an international agreement must be in written form, agreed upon by states or international organizations, and subject to international law.

The names of international agreements can vary based on the agreement's content and the parties involved.

Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) and Letter of Intent (LoI) are common forms of international agreements, often focusing on bilateral cooperation and friendship.

The process of creating an international agreement involves initial exploration, negotiation, drafting, and signing by authorized individuals such as the President or the Minister of Foreign Affairs.

Not all agreements take effect immediately after signing; some require ratification, which is the process of incorporating the agreement into national law.

After an agreement is ratified, it enters the implementation phase, where its benefits are reviewed and monitored by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

The Treaty Room at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Indonesia stores the original documents of international agreements signed by the country.

Indonesia's oldest international agreement, signed in 1947 with Syria, is preserved in the Treaty Room.

International agreements are crucial for Indonesia to protect its sovereignty, establish borders, enhance defense, improve the economy, and ensure the welfare of its citizens.

Indonesia has been involved in significant international agreements since its struggle for independence, such as the Linggarjati Agreement, the New York Agreement, and UNCLOS.

UNCLOS (United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea) is a significant achievement for Indonesia in maintaining the integrity of its maritime territory.

International agreements are made to serve the interests of the nation, the world, and the people, ensuring that promises made are kept and are genuine.