MUSIC 9 LESSON 3 Music of the Baroque Period
Summary
TLDRIn this educational session, students delve into the Baroque period of music, spanning from 1600 to 1750. Key features like the use of basso continuo, the doctrine of affections, and the emergence of major/minor keys are highlighted. The lecture explores four distinct musical styles: concerto grosso, fugue, oratorio, and chorale. It also touches on the contributions of renowned composers like Johann Sebastian Bach and George Frideric Handel, emphasizing their impact on Baroque music. The session concludes with an activity to reinforce the characteristics of the period's musical styles.
Takeaways
- 🎼 Baroque music, spanning from 1600 to 1750, was characterized by the development of counterpoint and harmonic complexity.
- 📘 The Baroque period saw the use of basso continuo, the doctrine of affections, and a focus on string instruments like the violin and viola da gamba.
- 🎵 The major and minor system was established, allowing for modulation between keys, enriching the musical landscape.
- 🎶 Baroque music also introduced new forms such as binary and fugue, and incorporated opera and dance suites into secular music.
- 💡 Energetic rhythms, long melodies, and the use of many ornaments were distinctive features of Baroque compositions.
- 🎻 Concerto grosso was a prominent style, featuring a small group of solo instruments (concertino) against a full orchestra (ripieno).
- 🎶 The fugue was a complex compositional form based on a single theme or subject, with imitative counterpoint among multiple voices.
- 🎵 Oratorios were narrative, often religious, works for soloists, chorus, and orchestra, distinct from operas as they were meant to be performed in concert settings.
- 🎼 Chorales were metrical hymns associated with the Lutheran church, borrowing from earlier circular songs for their structure and melody.
- 👨🎨 Johann Sebastian Bach, a German composer and organist, was known for his organ compositions and cantatas, showing influences from Italian composers like Vivaldi.
- 🎩 George Frideric Handel was a prominent composer of English oratorios and contributed significantly to sacred and secular vocal and instrumental music, including the concerto.
Q & A
What is the time period of the Baroque era discussed in the script?
-The Baroque era discussed in the script spans from 1600 to 1750.
What is a key characteristic of Baroque music mentioned in the script?
-A key characteristic of Baroque music mentioned in the script is the development of counterpoint and harmonic complexity.
What does 'basso continuo' refer to in the context of Baroque music?
-In Baroque music, 'basso continuo' refers to a continuous bass line, often played on instruments like the organ, which provides harmonic support to the other melodic lines.
What is the 'doctrine of affections' in Baroque music?
-The 'doctrine of affections' in Baroque music refers to the practice of expressing specific emotions or 'affections' through music, often by using particular melodic and rhythmic patterns.
Which string instruments are commonly associated with Baroque music?
-The string instruments commonly associated with Baroque music include the violin, viola, and string bass.
What is a 'concerto grosso' and how is it characterized in the script?
-A 'concerto grosso' is a musical composition characterized by the use of a small group of solo instruments, called the concertino, playing against a full orchestra, as mentioned in the script.
Who is Antonio Vivaldi and what is his contribution to the Baroque period?
-Antonio Vivaldi is a significant composer of the Baroque period, known for standardizing and establishing the concerto grosso form, as discussed in the script.
What is a 'fugue' in Baroque music, and how does it work?
-A 'fugue' in Baroque music is a type of composition based on a principal theme or subject, where melodic lines imitate the principal theme, often with variations, as explained in the script.
What is an 'oratorio' and how does it differ from other Baroque musical styles?
-An 'oratorio' is a narrative text and extended composition for vocal soloists, chorus, and orchestra, often based on liturgical or biblical stories, and does not include stage action or costumes, as described in the script.
What is the role of 'choral' music in the Baroque period?
-In the Baroque period, 'choral' music, often associated with the Lutheran church, is characterized by metrical hymns and simplicity in structure and melody, as mentioned in the script.
Who are two famous composers discussed in the script, and what are their contributions to Baroque music?
-The two famous composers discussed in the script are Johann Sebastian Bach, known for his organ compositions and cantatas, and George Frideric Handel, known for his English oratorios and contributions to sacred and secular vocal and instrumental music.
Outlines
🎼 Introduction to Baroque Music
The session begins with a warm welcome to students and a reminder of the previously discussed lessons on medieval and renaissance music. The focus shifts to the baroque period, highlighting its time frame from 1600 to 1750. Baroque music is characterized by the development of counterpoint and harmonic complexity. Key features include the use of basso continuo, the doctrine of affections, string instruments like the violin, the major and minor system, and modulation. Additionally, baroque music employs binary and fugue forms, as well as opera and dance suites in secular music. The development of contrast through dynamics, texture, and timbre is also discussed.
🎵 Baroque Musical Styles and Composers
This paragraph delves into four prominent musical styles of the baroque period: concerto grosso, fugue, oratorio, and coral. Concerto grosso is defined by the use of a small group of solo instruments, or concertino, against a full orchestra. Fugue is a composition based on a principal theme, with melodic lines imitating the theme through counterpoint. Oratorio is a narrative text set to music for soloists, chorus, and orchestra, often based on biblical stories. Coral is a metrical hymn associated with Lutheran worship, featuring simple melodies borrowed from circular songs. The paragraph also introduces two famous baroque composers: Johann Sebastian Bach, known for his organ compositions and cantatas, and his influence by Italian compositions, particularly Vivaldi's concertos. George Frideric Handel is mentioned for his English oratorios and his significant contributions to English sacred and secular music.
🎶 Music Examples and Handel's Contributions
The paragraph features music examples, likely from the baroque period, to illustrate the styles and compositions discussed. It emphasizes George Frideric Handel's role as a director of the Royal Academy of Music, making him London's leading composer and director of Italian operas. Handel's contributions to concerto and other forms of music are highlighted, with applause indicating the appreciation for his work.
📚 Summary and Closing Activity
The session concludes with an activity for students to summarize the characteristics of the four musical styles from the baroque period: concerto grosso, fugue, oratorio, and coral. The instructor expresses hope that the students have learned a lot and signs off with a farewell and blessing.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Baroque Period
💡Counterpoint
💡Harmonic Complexity
💡Basso Continuo
💡Doctrine of Affections
💡String Instruments
💡Major and Minor System
💡Concerto Grosso
💡Fugue
💡Oratorio
💡Chorale
Highlights
Baroque music period discussed, spanning from 1600 to 1750.
Counterpoint and harmonic complexity were key developments in Baroque music.
Distinct characteristics of Baroque music include the use of basso continuo and the doctrine of affections.
String instruments like violin and viola da gamba were prominent in Baroque music.
Major and minor system and modulation between keys were introduced.
Binary and fugue were prevalent musical forms during the Baroque period.
Opera and dance suites were significant in secular Baroque music.
Energetic rhythms, long melodies, and ornamentation were characteristic of Baroque music.
Contrast through dynamics, texture, and timbre was developed in Baroque music.
Concerto grosso was a musical composition featuring a small group of solo instruments.
Antonio Vivaldi standardized and established the concerto grosso form.
Fugue is a composition based on a principal theme with melodic lines in counterpoint.
Oratorio is a narrative text set to music for soloists, chorus, and orchestra.
Coral is a metrical hymn associated with the Lutheran church.
Johann Sebastian Bach was a German composer and organist known for his organ compositions and cantatas.
George Frideric Handel was known for his English oratorios and contributions to vocal and instrumental music.
Handel was the director of the Royal Academy of Music and a leading composer and director of Italian operas in London.
Activity to identify characteristics of four musical styles during the Baroque period: concerto grosso, fugue, oratorio, and coral.
Transcripts
good day students welcome back to our
class
today is another learning session i hope
you are
ready so last time we have already
discussed lesson one
and lesson two which are about music of
a medieval and renaissance period
for today we are going to discuss about
the music of
baroque period so on baroque music
i still love europe nasumi
on 1600 hong kong
1750 it was popular for the development
of counterpoint which is the combination
of the different melodic lines in a
single musical composition
and harmonic complexity so
[Music]
areas which are formally constructed
songs
so these are some distinct
characteristics of baroque music
so number one the use of baso continue
organ so the use of doctrine of
affections
is
so the use of string instruments to let
them violin
shallow at string bass
so the use of major and minor system
or modulation from one key to another
related key was made
possible so the use
of another musical form such as binary
and fugue
the use of coral opera and dance suit
in secular music
the use of energetic rhythm long
melodies
and many ornaments
so the development of contrast
through dynamics texture
and timber
now let us discuss the four prominent
musical style during the
baroque period
so concerto grosso is a musical
composition
characterize the use of concertino
so a small group of solo instruments
so instead of concerto a full
orchestra sumikat on 1675
concerto
adagio and moderate
and dante so to rarely develop
a significant style that use retornelo
recurring musical section in a
composition so another great contributor
was antonio vivaldi
so who standardized and established
concerto grosso
sadin
are equally important movements
so the fugue is the type of musical
composition based
on a principal theme or subject
so it's melodic lines called
counterpoint imitate the principal
theme so it uses simple
tune which repeated by other voices
or instrumental parts with a small or
partial
variation
foreign these are the different
composition of a few
exposition first part where the subject
is
played so subject
principle theme and the first statement
of the subject performed by a single
voice
answer second statement of the subject
transposed to the dominant key
counter subject accompanies the subject
constantly
episode transitional section
between the statement of the subject
so pedal point a tone held as
the other voice make different harmonies
strato occurs when the subject and
answer overlap augmentation
the lengthening of the rhythmic value of
a subject
diminution the shortening
of the academic value of a subject
inversion the revising of the
intervals of the subject
so the third musical style is the
oratorio it is narrative text
and extended composition for a vocal
soloist
chorus and orchestra commonly based
on liturgical biblical
stories
the instruments alone areas
using by vocalist recitative
usually employed to advance the
plot art choruses to convey the sense of
glory so ito
on 17th and 18th century
so the last one is the coral it is a
metrical him
tuned associated with the lutheran
foreign so the melodies of the coral
were borrowed from circular song
which demonstrated structural and
melodic simplicity
now let's discuss two famous composers
during the baroque period
so johan sebastian back who has
a german composer and organist
shaina gintanyag
so he used his skill to finish many
organ compositions
and he was able to produce cantatas
a narrative musical or music pieces
for voices with instrumental
accompaniment
so box style was influenced by many
italian compositions
most especially by vivaldi concertos
like
[Music]
so
[Music]
so
[Music]
so
[Music]
do
[Music]
so
[Music]
with
[Music]
[Music]
george frederick handel
is
known for his english oratorios and his
contribution
to the english sacred and secular
vocal music and instrumental music
particularly
the concerto so he was the director of
the royal academy
of music becomes london's leading
composer and
director of the italian operas
foreign
[Music]
[Applause]
[Music]
oh
[Music]
[Applause]
[Music]
is
[Music]
foreign
[Music]
[Applause]
[Music]
[Applause]
oh
[Applause]
[Music]
[Applause]
yes
[Music]
is
so
[Music]
[Applause]
[Music]
before we finish with our discussion do
this
activity first give the characteristics
of the four musical styles during the
baroque period
concerto grosso fugue
oratorio and coral
so that's it for today i hope you've
learned a lot
i'll see you next time goodbye and god
bless
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