Communication protocol in Embedded System | Synchronous & Asynchronous communication

Summary

In this 'Foolish Engineer' video, we explore how embedded electronic systems communicate, focusing on various communication protocols. The video uses analogies to explain the importance of synchronization, speed, and language in data transmission between devices. It distinguishes between synchronous and asynchronous communication, illustrating these concepts with the help of a ball-tossing analogy. The video also touches on different protocols like SPI, I2C, UART, and CAN, providing a foundational understanding of how electronic devices exchange information.

Takeaways

• 😀 Human communication is compared to how embedded electronic systems interact, highlighting the need for a common language or protocol.
• 🔍 Communication in embedded systems involves components like sensors, microcontrollers, and displays that need to exchange information effectively.
• 📱 An example given is the motion sensor in mobile phones that communicates with the microprocessor to respond to user gestures, like tilting the phone during a racing game.
• 🤝 For proper communication, devices must synchronize their data transmission and reception speeds to ensure a proper handshake and no data loss.
• 🗣️ Analogies are used to explain synchronous and asynchronous communication, comparing electronic processes to human interactions.
• 🔄 Synchronous communication involves devices sharing the same clock pulses, eliminating the need for clock synchronization.
• 🕒 Asynchronous communication does not require a shared clock; devices operate at predefined intervals, like throwing boxes every 2 seconds in the analogy.
• 📦 In the synchronous analogy, 'boxes' represent data packets that are sent with attention and acknowledgment between the transmitter and receiver.
• 📈 Asynchronous communication is characterized by a predefined baud rate, which dictates the speed of data packet transmission without continuous acknowledgment.
• 🛠️ The video discusses various communication protocols, including SPI, I2C for synchronous, and UART, CAN for asynchronous, which are essential for different electronic systems.

Q & A

How do embedded electronic systems communicate with each other?

Embedded electronic systems communicate through various communication protocols, which are like languages that allow different components such as sensors, microcontrollers, and displays to share information.

What is the role of a motion sensor in a mobile phone while playing a racing game?

The motion sensor, specifically the accelerometer in a mobile phone, detects the tilt of the phone and provides data to the microprocessor, which then adjusts the car's direction on the screen accordingly.

What are the requirements for effective communication between electronic devices?

Effective communication requires that devices communicate at similar speeds, are synchronized, and have a mechanism for notifying the receiver that data is being sent and acknowledging its receipt.

What is the difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication protocols?

In synchronous communication, devices share the same clock pulses, whereas in asynchronous communication, devices do not share a clock and instead rely on predefined time intervals or baud rates for data transmission.

How does the analogy of throwing boxes between two people illustrate synchronous communication?

In the analogy, the person throwing the boxes (transmitter) grabs the attention of the receiver, waits for a response, and then throws the next box. This represents the synchronized clock pulses and the need for acknowledgement in synchronous communication.

What is the role of a clock signal in synchronous communication?

The clock signal in synchronous communication ensures that the transmitter and receiver are synchronized, allowing data to be sent and received at specific intervals, much like the shared understanding of when to throw and catch boxes in the analogy.

How does the asynchronous communication protocol handle the lack of clock synchronization?

Asynchronous communication protocols use an internal clock for each device and rely on a predefined baud rate to determine when to send and receive data, without the need for continuous clock synchronization.

What are some common synchronous communication protocols used in embedded systems?

Common synchronous communication protocols include SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) and I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit), which are used for high-speed communication between devices.

What are some common asynchronous communication protocols used in embedded systems?

Common asynchronous communication protocols include UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) and CAN (Controller Area Network), which are used for slower speed communication where clock synchronization is not required.

How does the transmitter know if the receiver has successfully received data in synchronous communication?

In synchronous communication, the receiver sends an acknowledgement bit after successfully receiving all data. If the transmitter does not receive this acknowledgement, it assumes the data was not received and may resend the data.

Outlines

00:00

💬 Introduction to Embedded Systems Communication

This paragraph introduces the topic of how embedded electronic systems communicate with each other. The analogy of human communication using languages is drawn to explain the concept of communication protocols in embedded systems. The script describes how everyday electronic devices, such as mobile phones, use sensors and microcontrollers to share information. An example is given where a mobile phone's accelerometer communicates with the microprocessor to respond to the user's movements while playing a racing game. The paragraph sets the stage for a deeper exploration of communication requirements and protocols in embedded systems.

05:01

🔄 Synchronous Communication Protocols Explained

The second paragraph delves into synchronous communication protocols, where devices share the same clock pulses, eliminating the need for clock synchronization. An analogy is used where two individuals, Akshay and Parag, communicate by throwing and catching boxes, symbolizing the transfer of data packets. The process involves Akshay grabbing Parag's attention, throwing the box, and Parag acknowledging receipt after catching it. This cycle continues until all data is transferred. The electronic equivalent involves transmitters and receivers with shift registers and D flip flops, synchronized by a clock signal. The transmitter sends a closing bit after data transmission, and the receiver sends an acknowledgement bit upon successful data receipt. If no acknowledgement is received, the data is resent, illustrating the mechanism of synchronous communication.

10:03

⏲ Asynchronous Communication Protocols Overview

The final paragraph discusses asynchronous communication protocols, which, contrary to the name, still require a form of synchronization. The analogy continues with Akshay and Parag, but this time, they agree on a time interval for throwing boxes, representing the baud rate or transmission speed. Unlike synchronous communication, there is no direct acknowledgement of each box (data packet), and Akshay assumes Parag is catching all boxes as planned. In electronic terms, this means the transmitter and receiver operate on internal clock signals set to the same baud rate before communication begins. The paragraph concludes by mentioning various types of synchronous and asynchronous communication protocols, such as SPI, I2C, UART, and CAN, and invites viewers to ask questions or revisit the video for clarity.

Keywords

💡Embedded Electronic Systems

Embedded electronic systems refer to the integrated circuits and microcontrollers that are embedded within devices to perform specific functions. In the context of the video, these systems are the backbone of modern electronics, enabling devices to communicate and interact with each other. The video script uses the example of a mobile phone's motion sensor, which is part of an embedded system that allows the phone to respond to physical movements, illustrating how these systems facilitate communication between different components of a device.

💡Communication Protocols

Communication protocols are the set of rules that allow different devices to transmit and receive data in a structured and understandable way. The video emphasizes the importance of these protocols in embedded systems, drawing an analogy between human languages and the protocols that devices use to 'speak' to each other. The script explains that without a common protocol, devices cannot effectively share information, just as people cannot communicate if they do not speak the same language.

💡Sensors

Sensors are devices that detect and respond to some type of input from the external environment. In the video, the accelerometer in a mobile phone is highlighted as a sensor that detects motion and communicates this information to the phone's microprocessor. This example is used to demonstrate how sensors play a crucial role in the interaction between the physical world and the digital systems within devices.

💡Microprocessor

A microprocessor is a central processing unit that performs most of the processing inside an embedded system. The video script mentions the microprocessor in the context of a mobile phone, which receives data from sensors and processes it to perform tasks such as turning a car on a screen in response to the phone's tilt. This illustrates the microprocessor's role in interpreting and acting upon the data received from other components of the system.

💡Data Transmission

Data transmission is the process of sending data from one device to another. The video script discusses the need for synchronization and speed matching between devices to ensure that data is transmitted and received without loss. This concept is crucial for understanding how information flows within embedded systems and is integral to the video's theme of communication between electronic devices.

💡Synchronization

Synchronization in the context of embedded systems refers to the coordination between devices to ensure that data is sent and received at the right time. The video uses the analogy of two people talking to each other, where both must be available and attentive for communication to occur. In electronic terms, this means that a device must notify the receiver when it is sending data and that the receiver must acknowledge receipt of the data.

💡Synchronous Communication

Synchronous communication is a type of data transmission where the sender and receiver share the same clock signal. This allows them to be in sync with each other, which is essential for the accurate transfer of data. The video script uses the analogy of two people throwing and catching boxes, where they coordinate their actions based on a shared understanding of timing, to explain how synchronous communication works in embedded systems.

💡Asynchronous Communication

Asynchronous communication is a method of data transmission where the sender and receiver do not share a clock signal. Instead, they rely on predefined time intervals or start/stop bits to synchronize their communication. The video script contrasts this with synchronous communication by describing a scenario where one person throws boxes at regular intervals without waiting for acknowledgement, assuming the other person is receiving them.

💡Baud Rate

Baud rate refers to the speed of data transmission, measured in bauds (or symbols) per second. In the video, baud rate is explained as the agreed-upon interval between data transmissions in asynchronous communication. The script mentions setting a baud rate, such as 9600, which means the transmitter sends data packets at a rate of 9600 symbols per second, illustrating how baud rate is a key parameter in configuring communication between devices.

💡SPI, I2C, UART, CAN

These acronyms represent different communication protocols used in embedded systems: SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface), I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit), UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter), and CAN (Controller Area Network). The video script mentions these protocols as examples of both synchronous and asynchronous communication methods used in electronic devices. Each protocol has its own set of rules and is suited to different types of communication needs within embedded systems.

Highlights

Embedded electronic systems communicate using different communication protocols.

Electronic devices in daily life consist of chips, sensors, and microcontrollers that share information.

An example of system communication is a mobile phone's motion sensor affecting the screen display.

The accelerometer in mobile phones senses motion and provides data to the microprocessor.

Communication requirements include a common language and similar data transmission speeds.

Synchronization is necessary for proper communication between devices.

Synchronous communication protocols involve devices sharing the same clock pulses.

Asynchronous communication protocols do not require clock synchronization.

An analogy for synchronous communication is throwing and catching boxes with a shared clock.

In synchronous communication, data is shifted between a transmitter and receiver with clock synchronization.

Asynchronous communication is like throwing boxes at timed intervals without acknowledgement.

The baud rate in asynchronous communication is analogous to the timing of box throws.

SPI and I2C are examples of synchronous communication protocols.

UART and CAN are examples of asynchronous communication protocols.

The video explains various communication protocols with practical analogies for better understanding.

The importance of proper communication for the functioning of embedded systems is emphasized.

Transcripts

hey guys welcome to another video from

foolish engineer

in this video we'll check out how do

embedded electronic systems

talk with each other we'll see

different communication protocols and

the analogies

so let's go for right

[Music]

we human beings communicate with each

other

to share our thoughts and feelings to

talking

or many other mediums if we are talking

we use certain languages like english

hindi

german japanese many more just like that

there are different communication

protocols in the embedded system

if you see electronic devices in our

day-to-day life

it consists of small chips sensors

and microcontrollers

actually we are surrounded by all of

this

but have you ever wondered how do they

share information

for example you are playing a racing

game on your mobile phone

when you tilt your mobile left or right

while playing

your car also turns on the screen

this happens because of the motion

sensor

and there is an accelerometer in our

mobile phones

the accelerometer is a sensor which

senses the motion

and provides the information accordingly

so this sensor gives the data

to the microprocessor of our mobile

phone

so this sensor gives the data when we

tilt a mobile phone

to the microprocessor of our mobile

phone

it analyzes this data and it turns our

vehicle

while playing this is just a small task

and to complete that it needs some

communication

to get things working so the sensor

microprocessor and display of the mobile

phone

need to talk with each other

that's where the communication comes

into picture and we are going to check

that now

well there are certain requirements for

communication

for example two people need to talk in

same language to understand each other

now assuming both are talking in the

same language

say english but while talking

one is talking very fast and in a

different accent

due to that the other guy is not able to

understand

what he is talking about so

the guy who is talking needs to talk in

a speed

where this guy will understand

if we talk in electronic terms the speed

of data transmission

and reception of both devices should be

similar

so that the devices will have a proper

handshake

and no loss of data

there will be another scenario as well

where a guy

is speaking but the other guy with whom

he is talking to

is not listening at all

well in this case as well there is no

proper communication between two people

to avoid this both people need to be

available for each other

one must speak and other must listen

carefully

so in electronic terms we call it

synchronization

when a device sends data to a system it

needs to notify the receiver

that it is sending some data then it

should send the data

and after the reception of full data

stream the system

needs to provide an acknowledgement

notifying that it has

received all of the data

there are two types of communication

protocols in electronic embedded system

one is synchronous communication

protocol

and secondly it's asynchronous

communication protocol

in synchronous communication protocol

the devices which are communicating with

each other

share the same clock pulses and in a

synchronous communication

protocol there is no need of clock

synchronization

let's see an easy analogy of synchronous

communication

let's imagine there are two people

standing in front of

each other but there is a ball between

both of them

this guy whose name is akshay needs to

deliver some boxes to the other guy

who is standing at the other side of the

wall whose name is parag

both of them are unable to see each

other because of this wall

so akshay will throw the boxes and parag

needs to catch them

in order to do so both should know each

other's

status now what will akshay do

initially he'll call paraga and grab his

attention saying

i'm sending the first box to you

now assuming akshay got parag's

attention he will throw first box

and wait for barak to catch it manaksha

throws the box

barak catches it as soon as he catches

the box

he will let akshay know that i caught

the box

now you can throw the next box and

actually understand

and he will throw this second box and

this cycle keeps on repeating

until akshay delivers all of his boxes

now let's see this analogy in electronic

terms

daksa is our transmitter parag is our

receiver

the boxes are nothing but the packets of

data

which needs to be analyzed by the

receiver

each data storage equipment has a shift

register

the interval where each process is being

completed

it's synchronized with clock signal

there are d flip flops as the

transmitter and receiver side

the data in the transmitter is shifted

from transmitter

and its output is connected to the input

of the receiver now the transmitter

notifies the receiver

that it is about to send the data and

receiver

prepares for it after that

the data stream of ones and zeros is

shifted from

transmitter to the receiver in each

interval of clock pulse

after transmission of full data the

transmitter sends a closing bit

to notify the receiver that it has sent

all of the information

if the receiver gets the data the

receiver sends an

acknowledgement bit saying it has

received

all of the data and the communication

was successful

but if the transmitter doesn't receive

any acknowledgement

the transmitter will understand that the

receiver did not get the packet of data

and it will send the same data stream to

the receiver again

this cycle keeps on repeating and that's

how

the synchronous communication takes

place

now we will see the asynchronous

communication protocol

well asynchronous doesn't mean that

there is no synchronization

between transmitter and receiver

let's see the analogy of a synchronous

communication

so there are our two guides standing in

front of each other

and there is a wall just like earlier

case

akshay needs to deliver the boxes to

parak

so in this case initially akshay will

grab barak's attention

and mutually they will decide that

akshay will throw a box

after 2 seconds that means

akshay will throw the first box then

he'll wait for the 2 second

and then he'll throw the second box

again

he'll wait for the two seconds and after

that akshay will throw the third box

and it keeps going on

remember parag is not giving any

acknowledgement regarding the delivery

of boxes

and akshay assumes that parag is

catching all of his boxes

so he throws boxes until all of the

boxes gets delivered

if we compare it with two electronic

terms akshay and paraga transmit and

receiver

boxes are the data packets now

two seconds which they have decided is

the baud rate of communication

we can say it is the transmission speed

of the data packet

sent by the transmitter the transmitter

and receiver has d flip flop

there is no sharing of the clock between

transmitter

and receiver but both of them has

internal clock signals

which are generated by their timers

before the communication we configure

same baud rate for the transmitter

and receiver which we have seen many

times

when we use arduino ide we set the baud

rate of the communication

for example 9600 that means

9600 bauds per second is the rate of

data transmission

and that's how a synchronous

communication works

well there are multiple types of

synchronous communication protocol and

asynchronous communication protocol in

synchronous communication

there are spi i2c and many more

and in asynchronous communication

protocol there are uart

and can we'll see about

all of these communication protocols one

by one

i hope you got something from this if

you haven't

you can watch the video again still if

you don't

you can ask your doubts in the comment

box below hit the like button if you

like this video

subscribe to my channel and finally

thanks for watching