APUSH American Pageant Chapter 3 Review Video

Adam Norris

6 Jan 201309:11

Summary

TLDRThis educational video script delves into the history of the northern American colonies, focusing on New England's religious and political development. It discusses the Protestant Reformation's impact, the rise of Calvinism and Puritanism, and the establishment of colonies like Massachusetts Bay and Rhode Island. The script highlights key figures like John Winthrop and Roger Williams, and pivotal events such as the Mayflower Compact and King Philip's War. It also touches on the concept of 'salutary neglect' and the New England Confederation, providing insights into early forms of self-government and colonial unity.

Takeaways

📜 The Protestant Reformation led to the creation of new branches in Christianity, starting with Martin Luther's 95 Theses against the Catholic Church.
🤔 Calvinists, followers of John Calvin, believe in predestination, the idea that God has already chosen who will be saved and who will not.
🕊 Puritans, who were Calvinists, sought to purify the Anglican Church of Catholic rituals but did not wish to break away from it.
🌐 The Mayflower Compact was an agreement that established self-government based on the will of the majority, a significant step towards democracy.
🏛 John Winthrop's 'city upon a hill' speech emphasized the Massachusetts Bay Colony's role as a moral example for the world.
🚫 The Massachusetts Bay Colony practiced a limited form of democracy, restricted to white, landowning male church members.
🚷 Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams were both banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for challenging church and government authority.
🌱 Rhode Island, founded by Roger Williams, was known for its complete religious toleration, accepting all religions, not just Christians.
📜 The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut represent one of the earliest forms of a constitution in the colonies.
✌️ Pennsylvania, founded by William Penn, was a proprietor colony with a Quaker influence, promoting religious toleration and women's rights.
🔪 Conflicts with Native Americans, such as King Philip's War, were primarily over land, with Native Americans generally losing out.
🛃 The Navigation Acts were enforced by the Ion of England to ensure colonies only traded with England or its colonies, but smuggling was common to circumvent these laws.
🤝 Salutary neglect was a British policy that allowed colonies to self-govern as long as they were profitable to England.

Q & A

What was the main cause of the Protestant Reformation?
-The main cause of the Protestant Reformation was Martin Luther's 95 theses, which were protests against the Catholic Church, leading to the division of Christianity into new branches.
What is the concept of predestination as believed by Calvinists?
-Predestination is the belief that God has chosen who will be saved and who will be damned, and that there is nothing individuals can do to change this divine decision.
What were the Puritans' main goals regarding the Church of England?
-The Puritans aimed to purify the Church of England of all Catholic rituals and practices. They did not want to break away from the church but rather reform it.
Who were the Separatists and what did they believe?
-The Separatists were extreme Puritans who believed that the Church of England was beyond reform and that they needed to separate from it entirely to establish a new church.
What is the significance of the Mayflower Compact?
-The Mayflower Compact was an agreement that established that the government would be run by the will of the majority, marking a step towards self-government in the New World.
What did John Winthrop mean by 'a city upon a hill'?
-John Winthrop's 'city upon a hill' metaphor referred to the Massachusetts Bay Colony's goal of being a moral and exemplary society that would serve as a model for the rest of the world.
What was the role of town meetings in the Massachusetts Bay Colony?
-Town meetings in the Massachusetts Bay Colony were a form of early government where decisions were made by the community, limited to white landowning male church members.
Who were Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams, and why were they significant?
-Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams were religious dissenters in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Hutchinson challenged gender roles and the authority of the church, while Williams advocated for the complete separation from the Church of England and religious freedom.
What was the purpose of the New England Confederation?
-The New England Confederation was formed to provide a defense against Native Americans, Dutch, and French threats, showcasing an early example of colonial unity.
What were the Navigation Acts and why were they significant?
-The Navigation Acts were laws established to enforce trade restrictions, requiring that colonies could only trade with England or its colonies. They were significant as they led to smuggling and highlighted colonial resistance to British control.
What is 'salutary neglect' and its importance in colonial history?
-Salutary neglect was a British policy of allowing the colonies to govern themselves as long as they generated profit for England. It was important as it allowed for the development of self-governance and local institutions in the colonies.
What were the consequences of King Philip's War for Native Americans in New England?
-King Philip's War resulted in a significant defeat for the Native Americans, reducing their threat in New England to a sporadic one and further solidifying English control over the region.

Outlines

00:00

📜 Early American Colonies and the Protestant Reformation

The video script begins by delving into the historical context of the northern American colonies, particularly focusing on New England. It discusses the Protestant Reformation and its impact on the formation of new branches of Christianity, starting with Martin Luther's 95 Theses. The script highlights John Calvin's influence through Calvinism and the concept of predestination. Puritans, who were Calvinists, aimed to purify the Church of England from Catholic rituals without breaking away from it. The script also introduces the concept of 'visible saints' and the more extreme Puritans known as Separatists, who believed in complete separation from the Church of England. The Pilgrims, famous among Separatists, are mentioned for their Mayflower Compact, which symbolizes early steps towards self-government through majority rule. The narrative then shifts to John Winthrop, the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, and his vision of the colony as a 'city upon a hill,' a moral example for the world. The script also touches on the limitations of this early democratic form, pointing out that it was restricted to white, landowning male church members.

05:01

🌐 Religion and Governance in the New England Colonies

This paragraph continues the discussion on the religious and political landscape of the New England colonies. It mentions Rhode Island and Pennsylvania as havens for religious tolerance, especially for non-Christians, due to the influence of Roger Williams and William Penn, respectively. The script contrasts these colonies with Massachusetts Bay, which limited religious tolerance to Puritans only. It also covers the Maryland Acts of Toleration, which extended religious freedom only to Christians. The paragraph touches on the conflicts with Native Americans, specifically the King Philip's War, and the New England Confederation formed for defense against Native American threats and as an early example of colonial unity. The script concludes with a brief overview of the English government's enforcement of the Navigation Acts and the policy of salutary neglect, which allowed colonies to self-govern as long as they were profitable to England. The year 1763 is highlighted as a significant year in colonial history, marking the end of salutary neglect and other pivotal events.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Protestant Reformation

The Protestant Reformation was a major movement within Christianity in the 16th century that sought to reform the Roman Catholic Church and led to the creation of Protestant churches. It is central to the video's theme as it sets the stage for the religious conflicts and migrations that shaped the northern colonies, particularly with figures like Martin Luther and his 95 Theses challenging the Catholic Church.

💡Calvinism

Calvinism is a branch of Protestantism that follows the theological traditions and teachings of John Calvin. It is significant in the video as it influenced the beliefs of the Puritans, who were key in the establishment of New England colonies, emphasizing predestination and the idea of God's sovereign will in determining who is saved.

💡Puritans

Puritans were English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who sought to 'purify' the Church of England from its 'Catholic' practices, maintaining it was not fully reformed. In the video, they are highlighted for their role in the colonization of New England, where they aimed to establish a society free from Catholic rituals and influences.

💡Separatists

Separatists were a group of Puritans who believed that the Church of England was irredeemably corrupt and that true believers should separate from it entirely. The video mentions the Pilgrims as the most famous Separatists, who sought to establish a new society in the New World, free from the Church of England's influence.

💡Mayflower Compact

The Mayflower Compact was a governing document signed by the Pilgrims before they disembarked in the New World. It is highlighted in the video as an early example of self-government and a commitment to rule by the majority, laying the groundwork for democratic principles in the colonies.

💡John Winthrop

John Winthrop was the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and is noted for his famous 'City upon a Hill' sermon, which the video discusses as a defining moment that set the moral and societal expectations for the colony. It symbolizes the idea that the colony would be a model for the rest of the world in terms of religious and moral standards.

💡Town Meetings

Town Meetings were a form of local government in early New England where citizens would gather to discuss and decide on community matters. The video explains that these meetings represent an early form of democracy, although participation was limited to white, landowning male church members.

💡Ann Hutchinson

Ann Hutchinson was a prominent figure in the Massachusetts Bay Colony who challenged the authority of the clergy and gender roles within the church. The video describes her as a controversial figure whose beliefs and actions were at odds with the prevailing norms of the time.

💡Roger Williams

Roger Williams was an English Puritan who believed in complete separation from the Church of England and advocated for religious freedom. The video discusses his banishment from Massachusetts Bay Colony and his subsequent establishment of Rhode Island, which became known for its policy of religious tolerance.

💡Religious Toleration

Religious Toleration refers to the acceptance and permission of different religious beliefs and practices. The video contrasts the policies of Rhode Island and Pennsylvania, which promoted religious toleration, with those of Massachusetts Bay Colony, which did not extend such tolerance beyond Puritans.

💡King Philip's War

King Philip's War was a conflict between English colonists and Native Americans in New England in the 17th century. The video mentions it as an example of the ongoing struggle over land and resources, highlighting the tensions and conflicts between colonists and indigenous populations.

💡Navigation Acts

The Navigation Acts were a series of laws passed by the English Parliament to regulate colonial trade, requiring that all goods shipped to England or its colonies had to be transported by English ships. The video briefly touches on these acts as part of the broader context of colonial governance and the economic restrictions placed on the colonies.

💡Salutary Neglect

Salutary Neglect was a policy of the British government towards its American colonies in the 17th and 18th centuries, characterized by a hands-off approach that allowed the colonies to self-govern as long as they were profitable to Britain. The video mentions this policy as a key factor in the development of colonial self-rule and a precursor to the American Revolution.

Highlights

The Protestant Reformation led to new branches in Christianity, starting with Martin Luther's 95 Theses.

John Calvin's followers, known as Calvinists, believed in predestination, where God chooses who is saved.

Puritans, who were Calvinists, sought to purify the Anglican Church of Catholic rituals without breaking away from it.

Separatists, like the Pilgrims, wanted to separate completely from the Church of England due to dissatisfaction with its practices.

The Mayflower Compact represented an early step towards self-government through majority rule.

John Winthrop's 'city upon a hill' speech emphasized the moral leadership and societal model that the Massachusetts Bay Colony aimed to be.

Town governments in Massachusetts Bay were decided through Town Hall meetings, an early form of democratic practice.

Anne Hutchinson challenged gender roles and the authority of the church in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, causing controversy.

Roger Williams advocated for complete separation from the Church of England and was banished to Rhode Island, promoting religious freedom.

Rhode Island and Pennsylvania were the most tolerant colonies, offering religious freedom to all, not just Christians.

The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut represented one of the earliest forms of a constitution in the colonies.

William Penn's Pennsylvania was a proprietor colony with religious toleration and advocacy for women's rights.

Maryland's Act of Toleration granted religious freedom only to Christians, unlike Rhode Island and Pennsylvania.

The New England Confederation was formed for defense against Native Americans, Dutch, and French, showing early colonial unity.

The Navigation Acts were enforced by the Ion of England to restrict colonial trade to England and its colonies only.

Smuggling was a common practice among colonies to circumvent the Navigation Acts and trade restrictions.

Salutary neglect was the British policy of allowing colonies to self-govern as long as they were profitable.

1763 marked the end of salutary neglect and significant changes in British colonial policy.