Sejarah kedatangan bangsa spanyol di nusantara
Summary
TLDRThe script delves into Europe's 15th-century maritime explorations, driven by political events like the fall of Constantinople and the decline of European economies. It highlights the pioneering voyages of the Spanish and Portuguese in search of the 'East' and the lucrative spice trade. The Tordesillas Treaty of 1494 is mentioned, which divided the world between the two nations. The narrative describes the Spanish arrival in the Maluku Islands and the ensuing conflict with the Portuguese over trade dominance, culminating in the Treaty of Saragosa in 1578 that marked the end of Spanish presence in the region. The script concludes with a reflection on the importance of safeguarding Indonesia's hard-won independence against new forms of imperialism.
Takeaways
- 🏴☠️ European nations began maritime exploration in the 15th century to find new trade routes and territories, driven by political and economic factors.
- 🛳️ The fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks disrupted traditional European-Asian trade routes, prompting the search for alternative paths.
- 💎 Economic decline in European kingdoms due to the costs of the Crusades and the loss of Constantinople led to a desperate need for new trade opportunities.
- 🌍 The Portuguese and Spanish were pioneers in maritime exploration, seeking new sources of spices and territories referred to as the 'East'.
- 📜 The Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 divided the world outside Europe into two halves, with the eastern part belonging to Portugal and the western to Spain.
- 🚢 Christopher Columbus' expedition led to the discovery of America, while Ferdinand Magellan's voyage eventually reached the Philippines and Indonesia.
- 🌴 The Spanish arrival in the Maluku Islands was initially welcomed by the Tidore kingdom, which was in conflict with the Portuguese-allied Ternate.
- 🛡️ The Portuguese saw the Spanish presence in the Maluku Islands as a threat to their trade monopoly and accused them of violating the Treaty of Tordesillas.
- ⚔️ Conflicts between the Spanish and Portuguese over the spice trade led to battles, with the Portuguese emerging victorious.
- 📝 The Treaty of Saragossa in 1578 ended the Spanish presence in the Maluku Islands, with Spain focusing its operations in the Philippines instead.
- 🏛️ Despite the end of Spanish colonization in the region, new forms of imperialism continued through different institutions and systems.
Q & A
What was the main reason for European nations to start exploring the seas since the 15th century?
-European nations began exploring the seas to find new worlds and trade routes, driven by at least two significant political events: the defeat of Catholic kingdoms in the Crusades and the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks.
Why did the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks impact European trade routes?
-The fall of Constantinople disrupted European trade routes with Asia, as it was a crucial point on the continental border, leading to the decline of the old trade routes and prompting Europe to seek new paths.
How did the economic situation of European kingdoms contribute to the exploration of new sea routes?
-The economic situation of European kingdoms was deteriorating due to the high costs of wars, which led to a drastic reduction in wealth and a need to find new trade routes to revive their economies.
Who were the pioneers in maritime exploration for finding the source of spices, and what did they call this region?
-The Spanish and Portuguese were the pioneers in maritime exploration to find the source of spices, which they referred to as the 'East Indies'.
What significant event in 1521 marked the Spanish arrival in the Indonesian archipelago?
-In 1521, under the command of Sebastian del Cano, the Spanish arrived in the Indonesian archipelago, specifically the Maluku Islands, marking their first contact with the region.
How did the Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494 affect the ambitions of Spain and Portugal to dominate other regions of the world?
-The Treaty of Tordesillas divided the world outside of Europe into two halves, with the eastern half belonging to Portugal and the western half to Spain, helping to maintain peace between the two nations in their quest for global domination.
What was the outcome of the Spanish expedition led by Christopher Columbus, and how did it relate to the search for new trade routes?
-Christopher Columbus's expedition reached the Americas, opening a new direction for Spain to explore and potentially find new trade routes to the East.
What conflict arose between Spain and Portugal in the Maluku Islands, and how did it affect their trade relations?
-A conflict arose due to the Spanish presence in the Maluku Islands, which Portugal saw as a violation of the Treaty of Tordesillas and a threat to their trade monopoly. This led to competition and eventually war between the two nations.
How did the Portuguese view the Spanish presence in the Maluku Islands, and what actions did they take?
-The Portuguese saw the Spanish presence as a threat and accused them of violating the Treaty of Tordesillas. They engaged in a conflict with Spain to maintain their trade monopoly in the region.
What was the outcome of the conflict between Spain and Portugal in the Maluku Islands, and how did it shape their future trade activities?
-The Portuguese won the conflict, and as a result, the Spanish began to withdraw from the competition over the spice trade in the archipelago. The Treaty of Saragossa in 1578 formalized this withdrawal, with Spain leaving the Maluku Islands and focusing on the Philippines.
What does the script suggest about the continuation of imperialism and the importance of vigilance for an independent nation like Indonesia?
-The script suggests that even though Indonesia has become independent, new forms of imperialism may still occur through different institutions and systems. It emphasizes the importance of vigilance to ensure that the hard-won independence is truly maintained.
Outlines
🏴☠️ European Exploration and Spice Trade
This paragraph discusses the historical context of European nations' exploration and trade ambitions starting from the 15th century. The fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks and the subsequent blockage of traditional trade routes between Europe and Asia led to a quest for new maritime paths. The Spanish and Portuguese were pioneers in these endeavors, seeking new sources of spices in what they called 'the East.' The Tordesillas treaty of 1494 divided the world outside Europe into eastern and western spheres, with Portugal taking the east and Spain the west. The Spanish, under Christopher Columbus and later Ferdinand Magellan, explored the Americas and eventually reached the Philippines and the Moluccas in Indonesia. The arrival of the Spanish in the Moluccas sparked competition and conflict with the Portuguese, who had already established a trade monopoly there. This rivalry culminated in a war, with the Portuguese emerging victorious and the Spanish subsequently withdrawing from the region, as confirmed by the Treaty of Saragossa in 1578.
🚩 Post-Independence Challenges for Indonesia
The second paragraph addresses the ongoing challenges faced by Indonesia even after gaining independence. It suggests that imperialist powers have not ceased their influence and have adopted new methods of domination through international institutions and systems they control. The paragraph serves as a reminder to remain vigilant to protect the true independence of the Indonesian nation, which was hard-won by its heroes. It emphasizes the importance of safeguarding the nation's sovereignty and wealth, which are gifts that should be managed with the utmost care.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Exploration
💡Tordesillas Treaty
💡Spices
💡Christopher Columbus
💡Ferdinand Magellan
💡Maluku Islands
💡Tidore and Ternate
💡Perjanjian Saragosa
💡Imperialism
💡Indonesian Independence
💡Nusantara
Highlights
European nations began maritime exploration in the 15th century to find new worlds.
Two significant political events spurred European exploration: the defeat of Catholic kingdoms in the Crusades and the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks.
The fall of Constantinople disrupted European-Asian trade routes, leading to a search for new paths.
European kingdoms' economies deteriorated due to the high costs of intermittent wars.
After the fall of Constantinople, which is now Istanbul, to the Ottoman Empire, Europeans sought new trade routes.
The Spanish and Portuguese were pioneers in maritime exploration for finding the 'East' where spices were abundant.
The Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 divided the world outside Europe into two halves, east for Portugal and west for Spain.
Christopher Columbus led the first expedition for Spain, reaching the Americas.
Fernando De Magelhaens (Ferdinand Magellan) continued the exploration, eventually reaching the Philippines.
In April 2017, the Spanish expedition under Sebastian del Cano first arrived in Indonesia, specifically the Maluku Islands.
The Spanish were welcomed by the Tidore kingdom, which was in conflict with the Portuguese allied with Ternate.
The Portuguese saw the Spanish presence as a threat to their trade monopoly and accused them of violating the Treaty of Tordesillas.
A rivalry ensued between the Spanish and Portuguese, leading to inevitable conflict over the spice trade.
The Portuguese won the battle against the Spanish, leading to the Spanish withdrawal from the spice trade competition.
The Treaty of Saragossa in 1578 marked the end of Spanish presence in the region, with the Portuguese maintaining their trade activities in Maluku.
The Spanish colonization in the region was short-lived and unsuccessful, as they never truly conquered the wealth of the land.
Indonesia's independence does not mean the end of imperialism; new forms of domination through global institutions must be vigilantly guarded against.
The true independence of the Indonesian nation must be preserved and managed wisely as a divine gift.
Transcripts
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[Musik]
hai hai
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Hai sejak abad ke-15 masehi
bangsa-bangsa Eropa mulai berlomba-lomba
melakukan pelayaran menjelajahi Samudra
untuk menemukan dunia baru penjelajahan
yang dilakukan oleh bangsa Eropa
dilakukan setidaknya karena dua
peristiwa politik penting yakni
kekalahan kerajaan-kerajaan Katolik
Eropa di perang salib dan jatuhnya
Konstantinopel ke tangan Turki Usmani
itu
nyentuh
perang saling memporak-porandakan jalur
perdagangan Eropa dan Asia karena
berlangsung di perbatasan dua benua
tersebut selain jadul perdagangan
keadaan ekonomi kerajaan-kerajaan Eropa
pun menjadi terpuruk khas mereka
menyusut drastis karena besarnya biaya
perang berselang Dua abad setelah perang
salib usai kota Konstantinopel yang saat
ini menjadi Istanbul jatuh ketangan
Imperium Turki Usmani atau Ottoman hal
ini adalah kabar buruk bagi
kerajaan-kerajaan di Eropa karena kota
tersebut menjadi titik penting jalur
perdagangan antar benua Asia dan Eropa
magza bangsa Eropa kemudian mengarahkan
para pelautnya untuk berlayar mengarungi
samudra demi Mencari jalur perdagangan
baru sekaligus menemukan kepulauan
sumber rempah-rempah bangsa Spanyol dan
Portugis adalah pelopor dalam pelayaran
dan penjelajahan samudra untuk mencari
daerah penghasil rempah-rempah yang
mereka sebut sebagai dunia timur
menyusul Portugis orang-orang Spanyol
berhasil lebay kepulauan nusantara pada
tahun 1521 Jauh sebelum bangsa Belanda
menginjakkan kaki di nusantara
hai hai MP3
Hai
menjelang akhir abad ke-15 Spanyol dan
Portugis sama-sama berambisi menguasai
wilayah lain di dunia untuk menjaga
kerukunan diantara keduanya maka
dibuatlah perjanjian Tordesillas pada
tanggal 7 Jun
1494 ia membagi wilayah di luar Eropa
menjadi dua bagian belahan sebelah timur
dimiliki oleh Portugis sementara bagian
barat dikuasai oleh Spanyol bangsa
Spanyol memulai penjelajahan samudra
untuk menemukan daerah penghasil
rempah-rempah menuju kearah barat
ekspedisi pertama yang dipimpin oleh
Christopher Columbus berhasil mencapai
Amerika setelah itu Spanyol kembali
mengirim ekspedisi di bawah pimpinan
Fernando De Magelhaens atau Ferdinand
Magellan yang akhirnya tiba di Filipina
Pada bulan April 2017
terbunuh di Filipina ekspedisi
dilanjutkan oleh Kapten Sebastian del
Cano yang mengarahkan kapalnya ke
selatan pada tahun
1521 bangsa Spanyol di bawah attention
Sebastian del Cano untuk pertama kalinya
datang ke Indonesia tepatnya di
kepulauan Maluku
kedatangan bangsa Spanyol di Maluku
disambut baik oleh kerajaan Tidore yang
tengah bermusuhan dengan Portugis yang
lebih dahulu bersekutu dengan Ternate
sebaliknya Portugis menganggap kehadiran
Spanyol sebagai ancaman bagi monopoli
perdagangan nya Selain itu Portugis
menuding Spanyol telah melanggar
perjanjian Tordesillas karena Maluku
telah menjadi wilayah kekuasaannya namun
Spanyol memutuskan dan memantapkan klem
dan bersikeras bahwa wilayah Maluku
bagian dari kekuasaannya Oleh karena itu
persaingan diantara keduanya pun terjadi
dan peperangan tidak dapat dihindarkan
lagi demi memenangkan persaingan dalam
perdagangan Eropa orang-orang Spanyol
mendekati kesultanan Tidore Rival
kesultanan Ternate yang sebelumnya
menjadi kerjasama dengan Portugis buntut
dari Koalisi koalisi ini adalah internal
tidak tidur yang makin memanas karena
telah dibumbui oleh kepentingan Spanyol
dan Portugis di belakangnya perang pun
tak dapat terelakkan Pada pertempuran
tersebut Portugis menang atas Spanyol
bangsa Spanyol pun mulai Tersisih dari
persaingan memperebutkan dominasi
perdagangan rempah-rempah di nusantara
kekalahan dalam perang ini tak
serta-merta menjadi penyebab utama
mundurnya bangsa Spanyol dari nusantara
pertikaian antara Spanyol dan Portugis
berakhir setelah diadakan Perjanjian
Saragosa pada tanggal 22 April 1578
lewat perjanjian ini Portugis tetap
melaksanakan aktivitas perdagangan di
Maluku sementara Spanyol harus
meninggalkan Maluku dan memusatkan
operasinya di Filipina Perjanjian
Saragosa sekaligus menandai berakhirnya
masa pendudukan bangsa Spanyol di
nusantara yang terbilang singkat dengan
begitu penjajahan Spanyol di nusantara
telah gagal sebelum dimulai
nyentuh pemirsa kekayaan negeri ini
sungguh merupakan anugerah saat Pencipta
yang harus dijaga dan dikelola dengan
sebaik-baiknya hot kippur bangsa
Indonesia telah merdeka bukan berarti
kaum imperalis Berhenti melakukan
penjajahan penjajahan gaya baru dengan
model atau pola melalui lembaga-lembaga
dunia dengan sistem yang mereka ciptakan
dan kendalikan patut diwaspadai sehingga
kemerdekaan yang telah dirintis para
pahlawan merupakan kemerdekaan sejati
bangsa Indonesia
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