KABINET WILOPO (MASA DEMOKRASI LIBERAL) | MATERI SEJARAH INDONESIA KELAS 12

Dhida Ramdani

10 Sept 202209:46

Summary

TLDRThis Indonesian history class delves into the formation, development, and end of the Wilopo Cabinet, the third in the era of liberal democracy. Formed from a coalition between PNI and Masyumi, the cabinet faced economic challenges, including a drastic drop in export revenue and budget deficit. It also grappled with military relations, highlighted by the October 17th incident, a military demonstration against the government. The Wilopo Cabinet's end came after the Tanjung Morawa incident, where five farmers were killed, leading to a parliamentary motion and the cabinet's resignation.

Takeaways

📜 The video script is a lecture on the history of Indonesia, focusing on the Wilopo cabinet during the era of liberal democracy.
🌟 The Wilopo cabinet was formed following President Soekarno's decision, with the official inauguration on April 3, 1952.
🔄 The cabinet was a coalition between the PNI and Masyumi parties, which faced challenges in cooperation from the beginning.
⏳ The Wilopo cabinet's tenure ended on July 30, 1953, after a series of political and economic challenges.
🤝 The initial alliance between PNI, Masyumi, PKI, and the military was aimed at postponing elections due to fears of Masyumi's victory.
💼 The Wilopo cabinet had several work programs, including conducting elections, improving public welfare and education, restoring stability and security, and pursuing an active foreign policy.
📉 Economic challenges included a post-Korean War downturn in export demand for rubber, leading to a significant reduction in state revenue and a budget deficit.
🚨 The October 17th Incident in 1952 was a military demonstration against the government, reflecting deteriorating relations between the civil government and the military.
🛑 The Tanjung Morawa Incident on March 16, 1953, involved a violent clash between farmers and police, resulting in the deaths of five farmers and contributing to the cabinet's downfall.
📉 The worsening economic situation led to increased import costs, especially for rice, after crop failures in several regions of Indonesia.
🔄 Internal conflicts within the military and disagreements over military education and foreign involvement contributed to the instability of the Wilopo cabinet.

Q & A

Who was appointed by President Soekarno to form a new cabinet after Sukiman's resignation?
-President Soekarno appointed Wilopo to form a new cabinet after Sukiman's resignation.
What was the coalition that formed the Wilopo cabinet?
-The Wilopo cabinet was formed from a coalition between the PNI and Masyumi parties.
What was the main issue that led to the failure of Sasmito and Sidik Joko Sukarto in forming a cabinet?
-The main issue was the struggle for the Ministry of Religion between NU and Muhammadiyah, as well as political conflicts within Masyumi.
What was the significant event that marked the beginning of Wilopo's cabinet?
-Wilopo's cabinet was officially inaugurated on April 3, 1952, following Presidential Decision No. 85 of 1952.
What were the main goals of Wilopo's cabinet during its term?
-The main goals were to hold elections for the MPR, DPD, and Constituents Assembly, increase the prosperity and education of the people, restore stability and security, and implement an active foreign policy including the return of West Papua to Indonesian territory.
What economic challenges did Wilopo's cabinet face after the end of the Korean War in 1951?
-The economic challenges included a drastic reduction in export demand for rubber by 71%, leading to a sharp decrease in national revenue and a state budget deficit due to increased import needs, especially for rice stockpiling after crop failures in several regions.
What was the October 17th Incident, and what were its implications for Wilopo's cabinet?
-The October 17th Incident was a military demonstration involving the lowering of artillery towards the Presidential Palace. It was a result of worsening economic conditions and led to increased tension between the civil government and the military, marking a peak in their deteriorating relationship.
What was the Tanjung Morawa Incident, and how did it contribute to the end of Wilopo's cabinet?
-The Tanjung Morawa Incident was a bloody clash between farmers and police in North Sumatra, resulting in the death of five farmers. It became a debated issue in the parliament, leading to a motion of censure from the Tani Indonesia faction, which contributed to the collapse of the coalition in the cabinet and Wilopo's decision to resign.
What was the role of the military in the political conflicts during Wilopo's cabinet term?
-The military played a significant role in the political conflicts, with internal disagreements and external pressures leading to demonstrations and demands for the dissolution of the parliament, which ultimately affected the stability and public trust in Wilopo's cabinet.
What were the consequences of the military's actions during the October 17th Incident for the military leadership?
-The military's actions led to the dismissal of key military leaders, including Nasution as the Chief of Staff, and the immediate discharge of soldiers who supported the action, marking a significant shift in civil-military relations.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Introduction to Indonesian History Class

The script begins with a welcome to a 12th-grade Indonesian history class. The teacher prepares students to revisit the past, starting with the political events following Sukiman's resignation as Prime Minister. President Soekarno appointed Prawoto and Sasmito from Masyumi, and Sidik Joko Sukarto from PNI, to formulate a new cabinet format. However, they failed due to disputes over the Ministry of Religion and political conflicts within Masyumi. The task was then given to Wilopo from PNI, who became the third Prime Minister to be discussed in the material, focusing on the era of liberal democracy. The class will cover the formation of Wilopo's cabinet, its development, and its eventual end. The cabinet was formed based on a coalition between PNI and Masyumi, but faced challenges such as the TNI's distrust of Masyumi's religious motivations and the desire to delay elections. Wilopo's government initiated several programs, including organizing elections, improving prosperity and education, restoring stability and security, and implementing an active foreign policy, including the return of West Papua to Indonesian territory.

05:03

🛑 Challenges and End of Wilopo's Cabinet

The second paragraph delves into the challenges faced by Wilopo's cabinet, including a deteriorating economy post-Korean War, which led to a drastic reduction in export revenue and a state budget deficit due to increased import needs. The government responded by imposing additional import taxes on luxury goods, supported by Masyumi but opposed by PNI, causing tension within the coalition. The economic situation worsened, leading to the October 17th Incident in 1952, a military demonstration against the government, which planned to reduce the state budget by cutting bureaucracy and military personnel. This was supported by central military leaders but opposed by regional military leaders, leading to internal conflict and the eventual mobilization of troops near the Presidential Palace with demands to dissolve the parliament. President Soekarno firmly rejected these demands, leading to the dissolution of the demonstration but also the removal of key military figures and a significant strain on the relationship between the civilian government and the military. The paragraph concludes with the downfall of Wilopo's cabinet due to the Tanjung Morawa Incident, a bloody conflict between farmers and police, which resulted in the death of five farmers and further political turmoil. This incident, along with the subsequent parliamentary motion condemning it, led to the coalition within the cabinet collapsing and Wilopo resigning as Prime Minister.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Wilopo

Wilopo was a political figure from the Indonesian Nationalist Party (PNI) who became the Prime Minister during the Liberal Democracy era in Indonesia. He is central to the video's theme as the script discusses the formation, development, and end of his cabinet. For instance, the script mentions 'kabinet Wilopo' being formed after President Soekarno's decision and its inauguration on April 3, 1952.

💡Masyumi

Masyumi was a political party in Indonesia that played a significant role in the coalition with PNI during Wilopo's cabinet formation. The script refers to Masyumi's influence and conflicts, particularly in the struggle for the Ministry of Religion and the political conflicts within the party, which affected the stability of Wilopo's cabinet.

💡PNI

PNI, or the Indonesian Nationalist Party, is one of the key political parties mentioned in the script. It formed a coalition with Masyumi to support Wilopo's cabinet. The script illustrates the tensions between PNI and Masyumi, especially regarding economic policies and the aftermath of the economic crisis.

💡Economic Crisis

The economic crisis is a significant theme in the script, highlighting the challenges faced by Wilopo's cabinet. It discusses the decline in export demand for rubber post-Korean War and the resulting decrease in national revenue, which led to a budget deficit and economic instability, as mentioned in the script.

💡17 October Incident

The 17 October Incident refers to a military demonstration against the government, which is a critical event discussed in the script. It involved the mobilization of troops and artillery towards the Presidential Palace, reflecting the deteriorating relationship between the civil government and the military during Wilopo's administration.

💡Tanjung Morawa Incident

The Tanjung Morawa Incident is another pivotal event mentioned in the script, which led to the end of Wilopo's cabinet. It involved a bloody conflict between farmers and the police in North Sumatra, resulting in the death of five farmers and causing political upheaval that contributed to the cabinet's downfall.

💡Soekarno

Soekarno, the first President of Indonesia, is a key figure in the script. His decisions and actions, such as appointing Wilopo and responding to the 17 October Incident, are central to the narrative of the video. His refusal to dissolve the parliament during the military demonstration is a notable example from the script.

💡Kabinet Wilopo

Kabinet Wilopo, or Wilopo's Cabinet, is the term used in the script to refer to the government led by Wilopo. It is a recurring concept that encapsulates the political, economic, and social challenges faced during this period, including the formation of the cabinet, its policies, and its eventual collapse.

💡Democracy Liberal

Democracy Liberal, as mentioned in the script, refers to the era of liberal democracy in Indonesia's history, characterized by the formation of various cabinets through political party coalitions. Wilopo's cabinet is an example of this era, illustrating the dynamics and challenges of this democratic period.

💡PKI

PKI, or the Indonesian Communist Party, is another political party mentioned in the script. It played a role in the political alliances that affected Wilopo's cabinet, particularly in the release of PKI members after the August raids and the subsequent political actions that influenced the stability of the government.

💡Military-Civilian Relations

The relationship between the military and civilian government is a central theme in the script, especially in the context of the 17 October Incident and the Tanjung Morawa Incident. The script discusses the tensions and conflicts that arose, reflecting the complex dynamics between the military establishment and the civilian leadership during Wilopo's administration.

Highlights

Introduction to the Indonesian History class for 12th graders, focusing on the past.

Sukiman's resignation and Soekarno's appointment of Prawoto and Sidik Joko Sukarto to form a new cabinet.

Failure to form a cabinet due to religious ministry disputes and political conflicts within Masyumi.

Wilopo's appointment as the third Prime Minister to be discussed in the material on liberal democracy.

Cabinet Wilopo's formation based on Presidential Decision No. 85 of 1952 and its official inauguration on April 3, 1952.

The coalition between PNI and Masyumi and the initial loss of working spirit due to TNI's suspicion of Masyumi's religious motivations.

TNI's search for allies to delay elections out of fear of Masyumi's victory, leading to an alliance with PKI and PNI.

Wilopo's government programs including conducting elections, improving prosperity and education, restoring stability, and implementing active foreign policies.

Economic challenges post-Korean War, including a drastic reduction in rubber export demand and state revenue.

Government measures to address the economic crisis, such as imposing additional import taxes on luxury goods.

The October 17th Incident, a military demonstration against the government, including the mobilization of troops and artillery towards the Presidential Palace.

President Soekarno's refusal to dissolve the parliament and the subsequent dissolution of the military action.

The Tanjung Morawa Incident on March 16, 1953, a bloody clash between farmers and police over land rights.

The Tanjung Morawa Incident's impact on the cabinet, leading to the collapse of the coalition and Wilopo's resignation.

Conclusion of the material on the liberal democracy period under the Wilopo cabinet, highlighting the formation, development, and end of the cabinet.

Invitation for questions, revisions, or corrections in the comments section, and a reminder to like and subscribe.