Patch Panels: Selecting AND Installing! Real World Cabling Ep.4 - Keeping IT Simple
Summary
TLDREl guion ofrece una introducción a la selección, el tamaño y la instalación de un panel de enchufe de red. Se describe el proceso de cableado estructurado, la terminación de cables en un panel de 8 o 24 puertos y la conexión a dispositivos de red utilizando cables de enlace. Se discuten las diferencias entre los paneles para cables CAT5e y CAT6, y se enfatiza la importancia de seguir el estándar de cableado T568A/B. Además, se destaca la consideración de la minimización de la interrupción del servicio durante la instalación y se ofrecen consejos para una instalación práctica y eficiente.
Takeaways
- 📏 Para seleccionar un panel de parche, primero debes determinar el número de puertos necesarios para la implementación de la red y añadir aproximadamente un 25% para futura expansión.
- 🔌 Los paneles de parche están disponibles en dos tamaños principales: de 8 puertos y de 24 puertos, siendo cada conjunto de 24 puertos equivalente a 1u de espacio.
- 🛠️ Para conectar el cable a un dispositivo de red, puedes crimparlo o conectarlo a un panel de parche mediante un conector de llave (keystone jack) y luego usar un cable de parche para conectarlo al dispositivo de red.
- 🧵 Cada cable Ethernet tiene ocho hilos de cobre individuales, y los paneles de parche suelen tener ocho receptáculos para acomodar cada uno de estos hilos.
- 🔪 Utiliza un cortacable para desplegarse el blindaje del cable Ethernet, y luego usa un herramienta de pinchado para insertar y fijar los hilos en los receptáculos del panel de parche.
- 🏠 Los paneles de parche de 8 puertos son ideales para ambientes pequeños y para tener una conexión limpia y organizada en la red.
- 📦 Los paneles de parche están diseñados para coincidir con la categoría de cable que estés utilizando, como Cat5e o Cat6, aunque se pueden mezclar, podrías perder cierta calidad.
- 🔠 La etiqueta T568A o T568B indica el orden en que se deben insertar los hilos de cobre en el panel de parche o al crimparlo, y es crucial para una conexión de red efectiva.
- 🛠️ El proceso de instalación de un panel de parche incluye desenchufar el switch, introducir el panel de parche en el rack, montar y fijar el panel, y luego conectar temporalmente algunos cables para minimizar la interrupción del servicio.
- 🔄 Es importante realizar una copia de seguridad de la configuración de los puertos antes de la instalación para asegurar una conexión correcta después de la misma.
- 📸 Una fotografía de la configuración actual de los puertos puede ser útil para recordar la conexión de los cables y facilitar la reinstalación rápida y precisa.
Q & A
¿Qué es un panel de enchufe (patch panel) de red y para qué sirve?
-Un panel de enchufe de red, o patch panel, es un dispositivo que permite la conexión de múltiples cables Ethernet a un solo punto, facilitando la administración y el enrutamiento de la red. Sirve para terminar los cables que se han colocado en la instalación de la red y para conectarlos a dispositivos de red como conmutadores o routers.
¿Cuáles son las dos formas principales de conectar un cable a un dispositivo de red?
-Las dos formas principales de conectar un cable a un dispositivo de red son: 1) Crimpear un conector al final del cable y 2) Conectar el cable al panel de enchufe a través de un enchufe de clave (keystone jack) y luego usar un cable de parachoque (patch cable) para conectarlo al dispositivo de red.
¿Cuáles son las dos dimensiones comunes de los paneles de enchufe y cómo se relacionan con el espacio que ocupan?
-Las dos dimensiones comunes de los paneles de enchufe son de 8 puertos y 24 puertos. Cada conjunto de 24 puertos ocupa 1U de espacio en el rack. Los paneles de 48 o 96 puertos son en realidad múltiples filas de 24 puertos dentro de una unidad física.
¿Qué es un cable spool y cómo se utiliza en la instalación de redes?
-Un cable spool es un rollo de cable que se utiliza para llegar a todas las ubicaciones que necesitan una conexión de red en una instalación. Se desenrolla a través del espacio de plenum del edificio hasta llegar a las ubicaciones requeridas.
¿Qué herramienta se utiliza para separar los hilos de cobre de un cable Ethernet y cómo se llama el proceso?
-Para separar los hilos de cobre de un cable Ethernet se utiliza una herramienta llamada stripper de cables. El proceso de separar los hilos y colocarlos en los receptores del panel de enchufe se conoce como 'punch down'.
¿Por qué se recomienda tener un margen adicional al elegir el tamaño del panel de enchufe para una instalación de red?
-Se recomienda tener un margen adicional, aproximadamente un 25%, en el tamaño del panel de enchufe para permitir futuras expansiones de la red sin necesidad de reemplazar el panel por uno más grande.
¿Qué es un enchufe de clave (keystone jack) y cómo se relaciona con el panel de enchufe?
-Un enchufe de clave, comúnmente conocido como jack de pared, es un dispositivo que se utiliza para conectar cables a un panel de enchufe. Permite una conexión más flexible y es una alternativa a la terminación directa de cables en el panel de enchufe.
¿Cuál es la diferencia entre un cable CAT5e y un cable CAT6 y cómo afecta su uso en un panel de enchufe?
-Los cables CAT6 tienen un aislamiento más grueso y un enrollado más estrecho entre los hilos en comparación con los cables CAT5e. Aunque se puede utilizar un cable CAT6 en un panel de enchufe CAT5e, técnicamente se pierde parte de la calidad del cable CAT6 debido a que no se aprovecha completamente su capacidad y resistencia a interferencias.
¿Qué estánndares de cableado se utilizan para el cableado de los hilos en un panel de enchufe y por qué son importantes?
-Los estándares de cableado T568A y T568B se utilizan para determinar el orden en que se conectan los hilos individuales en un panel de enchufe o al crimpar un conector. Son importantes porque aseguran que todos los dispositivos de red se comuniquen de manera一致, evitando problemas de señal y compatibilidad.
¿Qué es un 'cage nut' y cómo se utiliza en la instalación de un panel de enchufe?
-Un 'cage nut' es una pequeña pieza metálica con clips que se pueden doblar para crear un orificio para un tornillo. Se utiliza para montar paneles de enchufe y otros dispositivos en un rack, permitiendo la fijo de los paneles a los barres del rack mediante tornillos.
¿Cómo se puede asegurar que la instalación de un panel de enchufe cause la menor interrupción posible en un entorno de trabajo?
-Para minimizar la interrupción, es recomendable notificar a todos los usuarios sobre las horas de mantenimiento y la posible desconexión de la red. Además, realizar la instalación en horas de menor actividad, como temprano en la mañana o durante el fin de semana, puede ayudar a reducir el impacto en los usuarios.
Outlines
🔌 Instalación de un panel de enchufe de red
Este párrafo explica cómo medir, seleccionar e instalar un panel de enchufe de red. Se describe el proceso de selección entre paneles de 8 o 24 puertos, y cómo se relaciona con el espacio ocupado (1U por cada 24 puertos). Se menciona la necesidad de adaptar el cable Ethernet a través de un conector o 'keystone jack' antes de conectarlo a un dispositivo de red. Se enfatiza la importancia de la instalación y terminación de los cables en el panel de enchufe, utilizando herramientas como el 'punch down tool' para una conexión segura y eficiente. Además, se destaca la ventaja de los paneles de 8 puertos por su facilidad de instalación y manejo en entornos domésticos o pequeños.
🛠 Proceso de instalación y cableado del panel de enchufe
En este párrafo se narra el proceso de instalación de un panel de enchufe de 48 puertos en un rack, destacando la importancia de minimizar la interrupción de servicios para los usuarios. Se describe cómo se toma una foto antes de desconectar el switch para recordar la configuración original de los puertos. Seguidamente, se detalla el proceso de inserción del panel de enchufe en el rack, utilizando 'cage nuts' y tornillos para su fijación. Se menciona la necesidad de cableado temporal para garantizar la continuidad del servicio, y cómo se identifican y conectan los puertos necesarios para los empleados que llegan temprano. Finalmente, se abordan las tareas de cableado definitivo, incluyendo el uso de herramientas de cableado y la referencia a los estándares de cableado T568A/B.
📋 Consideraciones finales y tareas adicionales
Este párrafo ofrece consejos finales sobre cómo determinar el tamaño adecuado de un panel de enchufe para una red, sugiriendo agregar un 25% adicional al cálculo de puertos necesarios para futuras expansiones. Se instruye sobre la compra e instalación de un panel de enchufe de la talla adecuada y el cableado de los cables previamente instalados. Además, se aborda la pregunta de si importa en qué puertos se conecta el panel de enchufe al switch, destacando la relevancia de las VLANs en decisiones de este tipo. Se desafía al lector a identificar tipos de instalaciones de patch panel en imágenes de Google, distinguiendo entre buenos, malos y creativos cableados, y a documentar sus hallazgos.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Patch Panel
💡Crimping
💡Keystone Jack
💡Ethernet Cable
💡Punch Down Tool
💡Cat5e y Cat6
💡T568A y T568B
💡Cage Nuts
💡VLANs
💡Cable Management
💡IT Service
Highlights
Completing the installation of a network patch panel allows for network connection management.
Two main sizes of patch panels: 8-port and 24-port, with larger panels being multiples of 24.
Ethernet cables have eight individual wires that need to be matched to color codes on the patch panel.
Punch down tool is used for securing and cutting excess cable in the patch panel receptacles.
8-port patch panels are favored for their convenience and wall-mounting features.
Patch panels should match the grade of cable used, such as Cat5e or Cat6.
Mixing Cat6 cables with Cat5e patch panels is possible but may result in quality loss.
T568A and T568B are the two wiring standards for Ethernet cables and patch panels.
IT service professionals aim to minimize disruption to clients during network installations.
Proper cable management is crucial to avoid damage and maintain network quality.
Cage nuts are used for mounting patch panels in cabinets with pre-drilled holes.
Temporary patching of cables is done to restore service quickly while working on a permanent solution.
Labeling and identifying cable ports is essential for quick and accurate reconnections.
Stripping and punching down new cables requires precision to avoid cutting internal wires.
Caps are used to complete the patching process and protect the connections.
VLANs can affect how patch panels are connected to switches in more complex networks.
The importance of documentation and before/after comparisons for network installations.
Encouragement to size, select, and install a network patch panel based on mini-network deployment needs.
Instruction to search for patch panel installations and identify good, bad, and creative examples.
Transcripts
network connections selecting and
installing a patch panel by time this
nugget is done you will be able to size
select and install a network patch panel
with our rack installation complete we
are now ready to install the patch panel
and terminate at least one side of the
cables that we initially ran hopefully
by now this image is beginning to look
familiar it's the MDF of the office
suite that we are reconstructing into
the ideal network environment we used
spool cable through the plenum space of
our building to reach all the location
that needs a network connection now
unfortunately you can't just take the
end of spool cable and mush it into a
network device and expect it to
communicate to plug into the network
device the cable has to have a tip and
there's two ways of achieving that the
first is by taking the cable in crimping
and end onto it the second is by
connecting that cable to the back of
this patch panel or a keystone jack
which most people call a wall jack and
then connecting a cable from there into
the network device those are called
patch cables so in this nugget I'm going
to focus in on the patch panel and in
the next nugget we'll focus in on the
Keystone Jack and crimping cable so when
it comes to patch panels there are
really two different sizes that you can
get the eight port variety and the 24
port variety now if you Google patch
panel sizes you'll find people selling
48 por 96 port there's all kinds of
different patch panel sizes beyond this
out there but really each set of 24
ports takes up 1u of space so those
people that are selling 48 or 96 port
patch panel really they just create one
physical unit that has multiple rows of
24 inside of it so you could technically
buy a whole bunch of 24 port patch
panels stack them up and accomplish the
same thing now if you look at the back
of the patch panel flip it around no
matter what size it is you're gonna see
relatively the same thing a whole bunch
of receptacles for the individual wires
inside of the Ethernet cable every
single Ethernet cable has eight
individual copper wires spun together
inside of it and as luck would have it
patch panels will typically have eight
receptacles per four one two three four
five six seven eight
so as a process we'll strip off the
shielding of that Ethernet cable using a
cable stripper which often looks
something like this
you'll match the wires up to their
individual color codes and then push
those individual wires into those
receptacles using a punch down tool
which looks something like this this tip
is custom designed to fit right around
those receptacles and push the cable in
lock it in place and then use that sharp
tip to snip off the extra so the cable
ends up nice and neat then you'll be
able to use your patch cable to connect
from that receptacle to whatever network
device you want to plug in now I
personally give these little 8 port
patch panels the best of show award
because I love them I want to have one
of these in every room of my house
they come with a wall mounting plate
that you can drill into the wall right
there and patch in all your cables to
the back of that guy these actually work
really well of course to every room of
your house but also in small
environments like this where maybe they
have a little Netgear device that runs
three individual ports and you can't see
it but behind there there would be a
hole in the wall and fish them up the
ceiling or wherever those cables would
go that punch into this eight port patch
panel and give a real clean look right
over here to the switch there I go on my
clean statement again I can almost
guarantee you some extraordinarily
meticulous person put this network
together look at those individual
staples by the way that's really
dangerous because you can actually
pierce your Ethernet cable or smash it
to where you lose a lot of quality but
man does it look good patch panels are
made to match the grade of cable that
you're using so you will see some patch
panels created for cat5e and some for
cat6 one of the most common questions
that I've gotten is can I mix a cat6
cable into a cat5e patch panel yes you
can it does work but technically you
will lose some of the quality of the
cat6 cabling I can't tell you how much
because technically many of the gains of
the cat6 cable are received because of
the increased insulation and a tighter
twisting of the individual wires inside
of there in a nutshell that tighter the
twists the more resistant the cable is
to interference loss in the greater
capacity it has and that brings up the
last point I want to say before we get
into the installation of our patch panel
in our environment you can barely see it
written behind that cable there is the
words t568a this dictates the order that
the individual copper wires will go in
when you either put them in the patch
panel or you crimp on the tip there are
two different standards that exists
t568a and t568b it doesn't really matter
which one you use but you have to use
one of them you can't just pick whatever
order you want to put those copper wires
in technically it will work you will get
some network signal but it'll only go a
few feet before the whole signal falls
apart and you have a quote unquote bad
network cable thankfully every patch
panel you buy will have the wiring
scheme for t568a and most of the time
t568b printed right on the back of it in
short it will tell you what order to put
the wires in the first thing that we
need to do is get that patch panel
installed inside of this cabinet and
I've come in at five in the morning to
do it so that the office would be empty
and yet as I walk down the hallway I see
one guy already in typing next to his
computer now why is that important the
name of this profession is IT service we
are here to service the client and the
client could be your fellow employees it
could be a customer that you contract
with your goal is to minimize the amount
of disruption that you're causing them
ideally you would have sent an email to
notify everybody from 5:00 a.m. to 8:00
a.m. the network will be down or
whatever the case is so that their
expectations are set in my case I was a
little more spontaneous woke up early
thought today is a great day to do it so
now because of that I've got to work
fast first thing I'm gonna do is take a
picture because not all ports are
created equal some are plugged in some
are not and I need to remember which
ones are which looks good now I got to
pull all these off and done switch is
now disconnected from the patch panel
all right um now at the top of the
racket I'm gonna try and fish that patch
panel through the beauty is all of these
cables that are already punched in
smashed down really flat if you press
them against here so they should fit
right in the back of this slender slot
not quite as easy as I hoped
[Music]
success
alright I'm pulling these through and my
goal is to get that patch panel mounted
up here and the switch installed so we
can get that employee back online as
fast as possible now this cabinet is a
bit unique because it actually has two
ways that we can mount things inside of
here the first is you see these big
empty holes they're designed for these
things they're called cage nuts if you
look at the back of them you'll actually
see these small metal clips that you
bend it inside of this square on the
backside of it to give yourself an
opening to put a screw in now if I
wanted to I could actually take this
strip out and rotate the thing if you
look inside of here there's a screw at
the top there's actually circular holes
that are pre-drilled for racks screws so
I could rotate this whole bar and have
pre-drilled holes so you can use
whichever one you'd like but for now
let's get that guy back on line this is
a to you forty eight port patch panel
you typically mount these near the top
of the cabinet because that's where all
your cabling comes in right about like
that so I can see which holes are going
to need the screws I'm putting these
brackets in horizontally into those
spots one two three four now I can get
these screwed in just to get our one
employee back up and running I'm gonna
get this switch installed and
temporarily patch in a few of their
cables that I know they'll need the good
news is most of the ports in this
building have a previously labeled I can
see 103 there's blue and orange ports
they're our early-morning employee is
using the orange one coming across there
is 103 orange okay him patched in and
another guys come in that I ran into in
the hallway we'll plug him into all the
staff members are coming in now so I'm
just gonna start plugging things in
based on the picture that I took just
getting that patch panel there is a huge
stride for this morning it gives us a
landscape to work with so all this stuff
I'm doing right now is just temporary to
keep the office running while we get all
the other stuff installed we're just
gonna put everything back the way it was
so we have zero service issues now that
we have the makeshift Network in place
and the office is up and running we can
patch in some of the new cables that we
ran previously let's open this up
alright the first thing I'm gonna do is
fish those new cables through the
opening in the back of the case there we
go we'll worry about the cable
management later
then I'm gonna use one of these guys
cable stripper to strip off the
shielding of these cables these things
work great as long as they're adjusted
right if not you'll end up cutting into
the wires inside of the cable which
isn't good I'll show you some other
options when we get into the Keystone
Jack later run put that in here about
two inches of cabling spin it around and
shoot we've got our internal wires from
there we'll find some open ports on the
back of our patch panel from a quick
glance it looks like port thirty-nine
through forty six are open I also see on
the back of this patch panel that it's
designed for cat6 and they have the
t568a and be wiring standards printed
right on top of each other so I've now
untwisted all eight wires of our cable
and I'll use our cable stripper which
also works as a cutter to snip off that
extra insulation pull off these little
protectors here
there you go pull them off for all three
of the new cables and I'll put these
wires in here based on the t568a which
is the second strip of labels here slip
them in one wire at a time and use a
punch down tool to snap it into place
nice sometimes the extra wire just falls
off sometimes you got to wiggle it a
little bit there we go one down
oh and then you'll reach those points
when you mistake the green stripe for
the blue stripe because it's kind of
dark green stripe has already cut too
small so you got to rip that out and do
it all over again now when you're doing
this yourself keep in mind you can make
this as long as you want if you want to
give yourself two three four inches of
wire to play with because it's a little
easier to work with
with the shielding not as close feel
free to do that you're gonna cut it all
off in the end anyway
and done I just put these caps right on
afterwards otherwise I forget and I lose
them there we go three new cables
patched in and ready to go we now have
our patch panel installed and our new
cables punched in the MDF is coming
along it's a mess but we're taking this
one step at a time now a common question
I hear is doesn't really matter plugging
this patch panel into the switch which
ports go where the answer is maybe it
depends if the organization is using a
technology known as VLANs that's a
feature that allows you to sign the
different ports to different networks in
our case the network that we're working
with is flat that is there is no VLANs
so at that point we can plug things just
about anywhere we want to I'm also
loving that we have this picture because
it's going to be like one of those
weight-loss commercials this is the
before by time we're done you'll be
amazed at just how good things look now
I said at the beginning of this nugget
that you will be able to size select and
install a network patch panel so here's
what I want you to do determine the
number of ports needed for your mini
network deployment and add about 25% to
that number because you're gonna want
some room for expansion from their
purchase and install an appropriately
sized patch panel then mountain punch
down the network cables that you ran
previously if you find yourself in a
situation where you cannot do the
practical then dive into the theoretical
and
to search Google Images for patch panel
insults and I want you identify a good
insulation a bad insulation and a
creative installation and put them into
a document
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