The 1987: CONSTITUTION AFTER MARTIAL LAW.

Summary

The video script delves into the history and significance of the 1987 Philippine Constitution, crafted under President Corazon Aquino after the Marcos dictatorship. It outlines the Constitution's structure, detailing the branches of government, their powers, and the roles of key commissions. The script also touches on various attempts at constitutional amendments and the concept of charter change, highlighting the complexities and challenges involved in modifying the foundational legal document of the Philippines.

Takeaways

• 📜 The constitution is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a nation or state is governed.
• 🌟 Corazon Aquino, the first female president of the Philippines, played a pivotal role in the creation of the 1987 constitution after martial law.
• 🏛️ The 1987 Philippine Constitution aimed to limit presidential powers and re-establish a bicameral congress, moving away from the previous dictatorial structure.
• 📝 President Aquino's government had three options for the constitution: revert to the 1935 Constitution, retain the 1973 Constitution with reform powers, or create a new one.
• 📜 The new constitution was drafted to reflect the aspirations and ideas of the Filipino people, emphasizing democratic principles.
• 📆 In 1986, a Constitutional Convention was established, composed of 48 members appointed by President Aquino, to draft the new constitution.
• 🏢 The 1987 Constitution established the Philippines as a democratic republic, with a clear division of powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches.
• 👩‍⚖️ The Supreme Court and lower courts hold the judicial power, tasked with settling legal disputes and controversies.
• 🛠️ Constitutional changes in the Philippines can be proposed through people's initiative, assembly, or constitutional convention.
• 🔄 Various attempts have been made to amend the 1987 Constitution, with varying degrees of success, reflecting the complexities and challenges of constitutional reform.

Q & A

What is the definition of a constitution according to the script?

A constitution is defined as a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a nation is governed, implying that it is a set of rules guiding how a country, state, or political organization operates.

Who was Corazon Aquino and what was her role in the 1987 Constitution?

Corazon Aquino, also known as Maria Corazon Cojuangco Aquino, was a Filipino politician who served as the 11th President of the Philippines and the first female president. She oversaw the drafting of the 1987 Constitution, which limited the powers of the presidency and re-established the bicameral congress.

What were the three options available to the Aquino government regarding the constitution after martial law?

The Aquino government had three options: revert to the 1935 Constitution, retain the 1973 Constitution with the power to make reforms, or start a new constitution to break from the dictatorial past.

What was the transitional constitution proclaimed by President Aquino in March 1986?

The transitional constitution, also known as the Freedom Constitution, was proclaimed by President Aquino in March 1986 to last for a year, during which a constitutional commission drafted the permanent constitution.

What were the main functions of the 1986 Constitutional Convention?

The 1986 Constitutional Convention was created to draft a new constitution that would restore democratic principles and prevent the return of a dictatorial government. It was composed of 48 members with diverse backgrounds and representations.

What is the significance of the preamble in the 1987 Philippine Constitution?

The preamble in the 1987 Constitution establishes the Philippines as a democratic republic state where sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them.

How is the executive power distributed according to the 1987 Constitution?

The executive power is vested in the President of the Philippines, who is the head of state and government, and functions as the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. The President also has control over various offices and bureaus.

What are the three commissions established by the 1987 Constitution?

The three commissions are the Civil Service Commission (CSC), the Commission on Elections (COMELEC), and the Commission on Audit. They are responsible for government personnel, elections, and government financial audits, respectively.

What is the role of the Office of the Ombudsman in the executive branch?

The Office of the Ombudsman is in charge of promoting ethical and lawful conduct in government, investigating complaints related to corruption and unlawful behavior of public officials.

What are the methods for proposing amendments to the 1987 Constitution?

Amendments to the 1987 Constitution can be proposed by one of three methods: people's initiative, constitutional assembly, and constitutional convention.

What was the significance of Proclamation No. 58 issued by President Aquino?

Proclamation No. 58 announced the official canvassing of the results and the ratification of the draft constitution, marking the full force of the 1987 Constitution.