BA 2nd semester geography prectical viva voce || general cartography practical viva ||

Summary

This educational video is tailored for geography students preparing for their upcoming practical exams. It covers key topics such as the origin of the term 'map' from Latin, the difference between map and plan, and the types of maps based on scale. It also delves into the concept of representative fraction, the average radius of the Earth in centimeters, and the significance of the Prime Meridian. The video concludes with a discussion on the most useful projection for navigation, highlighting the importance of these concepts for students.

Takeaways

• 📚 The video is aimed at students preparing for geography practical exams in the second semester.
• 🗺️ The script includes important questions in general cartography that are frequently asked.
• 📜 The names of the two question papers in geography are 'Manav Bhugol' and 'General Cartography'.
• 🌐 The word 'map' originates from the Latin word 'mappa', which means cloth or napkin.
• 🌍 A map is a symbolic representation of the Earth or any celestial body, or part of it, on a flat surface according to scale.
• 🔍 The difference between a map and a line drawing is that a map is made according to scale, while a line drawing is made without using scale, based only on appearance.
• 📏 There are various types of maps made according to scale, such as 'bhusampada' and 'divali' or 'atlas' maps.
• 📐 The method of measuring a map is called 'map measurement', which is the distance between two points on the Earth's surface.
• 🔢 The full form of 'Arab' is 'Representative Fraction', which translates to 'Representative Different' or 'Display Different' in Hindi.
• 📏 In one kilometer, there are 100,000 centimeters, and other related measurements are also discussed, such as the number of hectometers in a kilometer, dekameter in a meter, and furlongs in a mile.
• 🌳 The script explains why oblique projection is called so, as it involves pulling and displaying small distances in an oblique manner.
• 🌍 The average radius of the Earth is approximately 63.5 million centimeters, or 25 million inches, for simplicity.
• 🧭 The main meridian, or prime meridian, is the 0-degree longitude line, also known as the Greenwich Meridian.
• 🛰️ For navigation, the most useful projection is the mercator projection, which is used for maps that cover large areas.

Q & A

What are the two types of question papers in the second semester of the Bachelor's First Year Geography practical exam?

The two types of question papers are the one named 'Manav Bhugol' in Hindi, which is theoretical, and the other, which is entirely practical, is known as 'General Cartography'.

What is the origin of the word 'map' and what is its literal meaning in Latin?

The word 'map' originates from the Latin word 'mappa', which literally means 'cloth' or 'napkin' in Latin, highlighting its importance as a representation of the world.

What is the definition of a 'map' in the context of geography?

A map is a symbolic representation of the earth or any celestial body, or part of it, on a flat surface according to certain scales and measurements.

What is the difference between a map and a line drawing?

A map is always made according to measurements, while a line drawing is created without the use of measurements and is based solely on visual representation.

How many types of maps are there according to the method of mapping?

There are various types of maps depending on the method of mapping, such as 'bhusampada' and 'divali' or 'atlas' maps.

What is the principle of measuring a map called?

The principle of measuring a map is called 'chhati doori', which is the distance between two points on the surface of the map.

What is the full form of 'Arab' in the context of geography?

The full form of 'Arab' in geography is 'Representative Fraction', which in Hindi is known as 'Nirupak Bhinn' or 'Pradarshan Bhinn'.

How many centimeters are there in a kilometer?

There are 100,000 centimeters in a kilometer.

What is the average radius of the Earth in centimeters?

The average radius of the Earth is approximately 63.5 million centimeters, which is simplified for calculations.

What is the main meridian called, and what does 'meridian' mean in this context?

The main meridian is called the Prime Meridian or the Greenwich Meridian, which is the 0-degree longitude line.

Which projection is considered most useful for navigation?

For navigation, the most useful map projection is the Mercator projection, which is oriented towards the west.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Geography Viva Preparation for BA First Year Students

This video is tailored for students who are either currently in or will soon be appearing for the Geography practical viva in their second semester of BA First Year. It provides an overview of important questions related to general cartography that are frequently asked in the viva. The video begins by discussing the names of the two question papers in the Geography subject for the second semester. The first paper is Human Geography, and the second is entirely practical, known as General Cartography.

🗺️ Origin of the Word 'Map'

The second key question addressed in the video relates to the origin of the word 'map'. It is derived from the Latin word 'mappa', which literally means 'cloth' in Latin. The importance of understanding the origin of terms used in geography is emphasized here.

🌍 What is a Map?

This section provides a detailed explanation of what a map is. A map is defined as a symbolic representation of the entire Earth or a part of it, projected on a flat surface according to a scale. This question is fundamental in geography and is often asked in vivas.

📏 Difference Between a Map and a Sketch

The video moves on to discuss the difference between a map and a sketch. The main distinction is that a map is always drawn according to a scale, while a sketch is drawn based on observation without the use of a scale. This difference is crucial in understanding the precision required in cartography.

📐 Types of Maps Based on Scale

Here, the video explains the types of maps classified by scale. The discussion includes various examples like topographical maps and atlas maps. Additionally, the concept of scale in mapping is elaborated, which is essential for accurate representation.

🔢 Understanding Representative Fraction (RF)

This section explains the full form of 'RF' as 'Representative Fraction'. RF is a crucial concept in cartography, known in Hindi as 'Nirupak Bhinn' or 'Pradarshan Bhinn'. Understanding RF is vital for interpreting map scales and measurements.

📏 Conversion Questions Related to Measurements

The video also covers some essential conversion-related questions, such as the number of centimeters in a kilometer (100,000 cm). It also touches upon related questions like the number of hectometers in a kilometer and the number of decameters in a hectometer. These conversions are key for accurate geographic measurements.

📐 Diagonal Measurement Explained

The concept of diagonal measurement is discussed next. The video explains that diagonal measurements involve drawing a diagonal line to represent shorter distances in diagrams. This method is commonly used in practical geography to measure smaller distances accurately.

🌍 Earth's Average Diameter

This section discusses the average diameter of the Earth, which is 63,367,750 cm in reality, but for simplicity, it is considered 63,350,000 cm. This measurement is also converted to inches, where it equals 25 million inches. Understanding the Earth's dimensions is crucial for geographic calculations.

🌐 What is the Prime Meridian?

The video then defines the Prime Meridian, also known as the 'Greenwich Meridian'. It is the 0-degree longitude line and is used as a reference point for measuring longitudes across the globe. This concept is fundamental in both theoretical and practical geography.

🚢 Best Projection for Navigation

The final important question discussed is about the most useful projection for navigation. The video identifies the Mercator projection as the most beneficial for navigation purposes, due to its ability to represent direction accurately. This projection is commonly used in maritime navigation.

📘 Conclusion and Further Learning

The video concludes by encouraging students to stay tuned for more valuable information in future videos. It emphasizes the importance of understanding these fundamental concepts for success in geography practicals and vivas.

Keywords

💡Geography

Geography is the study of the Earth and its human and physical aspects. In the context of the video, it is the main theme as the script discusses various geographical concepts and terms that are important for students preparing for their exams. The script mentions 'Geography practical' and 'General Cartography' as subjects, indicating the academic focus.

💡Cartography

Cartography refers to the science of making maps and charts. The term 'General Cartography' is used in the script to describe one of the two question papers in the geography subject. It implies the practical aspect of geography, dealing with the creation and interpretation of maps.

💡Human Geography

Human Geography, also mentioned as 'Man-Geography' in the script, is a branch of geography that focuses on the study of patterns and processes that shape human interaction with the environment. It is one of the two question papers for the geography subject, indicating its significance in understanding the human aspect of geographical studies.

💡Map

A map is a visual representation of an area that simplifies and symbolizes the spatial organization of geographic features. The script discusses the origin of the word 'map' from the Latin word 'mappa', which means cloth or napkin, highlighting the historical aspect of cartography.

💡Topographic Map

A topographic map is a type of map that shows the Earth's surface features in detail, including terrain elevations and depressions. The script refers to the process of creating such maps, which is essential for understanding the physical aspects of geography.

💡Scale

Scale in cartography refers to the ratio of a distance on the map to the actual distance on the ground. The script mentions the importance of scale in map making, as it allows for the representation of real-world distances on a smaller, manageable map surface.

💡Projection

In the context of maps, a projection is a method of representing the three-dimensional surface of the Earth on a two-dimensional plane. The script discusses the difference between maps made according to measurement (topographic) and those created by projection (like Mercator projection), which is crucial for understanding map accuracy and distortion.

💡Latitude and Longitude

Latitude and longitude are coordinate systems used to specify locations on the Earth's surface. The script mentions the equator as the primary meridian, which is essential for understanding how positions are determined and represented on maps.

💡Unit of Measurement

Units of measurement are used to quantify physical quantities such as length, area, and volume. The script provides examples of converting larger units to smaller ones, like kilometers to centimeters, which is fundamental in geography for understanding distances and areas.

💡Representative Fraction

A representative fraction is a ratio that expresses the relationship between distances on a map and the corresponding distances on the ground. The script mentions 'Representative Fraction' as a term used in map interpretation, which is key for understanding the scale and accuracy of maps.

💡Earth's Radius

The Earth's radius refers to the distance from the center of the Earth to its surface. The script provides an approximate measurement of the Earth's radius in centimeters and inches, which is important for geographical calculations and understanding the Earth's size.

💡Prime Meridian

The Prime Meridian is the meridian (line of longitude) defined to be 0 degrees. The script refers to the Prime Meridian as the 'Greenwich Meridian' or 'Main Meridian', which is the reference line from which all other longitudes are measured.

💡Nautical Chart

A nautical chart is a specialized type of map used for navigation at sea. The script mentions that for navigation purposes, the mercator projection is considered most useful, which relates to the practical application of maps in real-world scenarios.

Highlights

This video is for geography students preparing for their upcoming practical exams.

Includes important questions on general cartography that are frequently asked.

The names of the two question papers for the second semester of geography are discussed.

The first question paper is called 'Human Geography' in Hindi.

The second question paper, which is entirely practical, is known as 'General Cartography'.

The origin of the word 'map' is traced back to the Latin word for cloth.

A map is defined as a representation of any geographical location or its part on a flat surface according to measurements.

The difference between a map and a line drawing is explained.

A map is always made according to measurements, while a line drawing is not.

There are various types of maps based on measurements, such as 'bhusampada' and 'manachitra'.

The method of map measurement is based on the distance between two points on the Earth's surface.

The full form of 'Arab' is 'Representative Fraction' in Hindi, which means 'Representative Different' or 'Display Different'.

It is mentioned that there are 100,000 centimeters in a kilometer.

Other related important questions about measurements are listed, such as hectares, decameters, and furlongs.

The term 'distorted mapping' is explained, referring to the representation of small distances in a distorted manner.

The Earth's average radius is discussed, with calculations provided for simplicity.

The concept of 'prime meridian' is introduced, which is the 0-degree longitude line also known as the Greenwich Meridian.

The most useful projection for navigation is discussed, highlighting the mercator projection.

Transcripts

साथियों आज का यह वीडियो भूगोल विषय के उन

विद्यार्थियों के लिए है जो की हाल ही में

या आगामी समय में बा फर्स्ट ईयर के सेकंड

सेमेस्टर में भूगोल प्रैक्टिकल का विवा

देने वाले हैं इस वीडियो में जनरल

कार्टोग्राफी के उन महत्वपूर्ण प्रश्नों

को सम्मिलित किया गया है जो की वर्तमान

समय में एक जानवर द्वारा अक्सर पूछे जा

रहे हैं तो लिए देरी ना करते हुए शुरुआत

करते हैं पहले प्रश्न की पहला प्रश्न है

बा सेकंड सेमेस्टर के भूगोल विषय के दोनों

प्रश्न पत्रों के नाम बताइए तो यह प्रश्न

जो है अक्सर जो है पूछा ही जाता है तो

दोनों प्रश्न पत्रों में जो पहला प्रश्न

पत्र आपका है उसका नाम है जिसे हिंदी में

मानव भूगोल कहते हैं और दूसरा जो प्रश्न

पत्र है जो की पूर्ण रूप से प्रैक्टिकल है

जिसे जनरल कार्टोग्राफी के नाम से जाना

जाता है

दूसरा महत्वपूर्ण प्रश्न है मैप शब्द की

उत्पत्ति लैटिन भाषा के किस शब्द से मणि

जाती है तो मैप शब्द की उत्पत्ति जो है

लैटिन भाषा के मैप शब्द से हुई है और

मप्पा का शाब्दिक अर्थ जो है लैटिन भाषा

में कपड़े का महत्वपूर्ण होता है

तीसरा प्रश्न है मानचित्र किसे कहते हैं

तो इसका उत्तर हो जाएगा पृथ्वी सहित किसी

भी खगोलीय पिंड अथवा उसके किसी भाग का

मापने के अनुसार समतल सतह पर प्रतीकात्मक

निरूपण जो होता है वो मानचित्र कहलाता है

अगला महत्वपूर्ण प्रश्न है मानचित्र एवं

रेखाचित्र में क्या अंतर है बहुत ही

महत्वपूर्ण प्रश्न अक्सर ये पूछा जाता है

तो इसका उत्तर होगा मानचित्र सदैव मापनी

के अनुसार बनाया जाता है जबकि रेखा चित्रा

जो होता है उसमें मापने का प्रयोग नहीं

किया जाता है केवल हनुमान से ही बनाया

जाता है अगला महत्वपूर्ण प्रश्न है मापने

के अनुसार मानचित्र कितने प्रकार के होते

हैं तो मापने के अनुसार मानचित्र

जैसे की bhusampada एवं मानचित्र

जैसे की दिवाली या एटलस मानचित्र

के मापने का सूत्र क्या होता है तो

मानचित्र की मापनी का जो सूत्र होता है

बाते धरातल पर उन्हें दो बिंदुओं के बीच

की छाती दूरी जो होता है उसको मानचित्र की

मापनी कहा जाता है

अगला महत्वपूर्ण प्रश्न अरब का पूर्ण रूप

क्या होता है तो इसका पूर्ण रूप होता है

रिप्रेजेंटेटिव फ्रैक्शन जिसे हिंदी में

निरूपक भिन्न अथवा प्रदर्शन भिन्न कहा

जाता है अगला महत्वपूर्ण प्रश्न है एक

किलोमीटर में कितने सेंटीमीटर होते हैं तो

1 किलोमीटर में हमारे एक लाख सेमी होते

हैं इसके साथ ही साथ कुछ अन्य महत्वपूर्ण

प्रश्न इससे रिलेटेड हैं जिसका पेज हमने

साइड में लगाया हुआ है जैसे 1 किलोमीटर

में कितने हेक्टोमीटर होते हैं एक हेक्टर

मीटर में कितने डेका मीटर होते हैं या एक

मिल में कितने पोलंग होते हैं तो ये सारे

जो है आपको सही से याद कर लेने हैं

बहुत इंपॉर्टेंट है की विकर्ण मापने को इस

नाम से क्यों पुकारा जाता है

तो इसका उत्तर है की विकर्ण मापने में

छोटी-छोटी दूरियों को जैसा की चित्रा में

हमने दिखाया हुआ है विकर्ण खींचकर प्रकट

करते हैं इसीलिए विकर्ण मापने कहा जाता है

अगला प्रश्न है पृथ्वी का औसत ardhvyas

कितने सेंटीमीटर है तो पृथ्वी का औसत

अर्थव्यवस्था जो है वो रियल में है 63

करोड़ 67 लाख 75000

सेंटीमीटर गणना के सरलता के लिए जो है 63

करोड़ 50 लाख सेमी माना गया है या इसे अगर

इंच में देखें तो 25 करोड़ इंच होता है

अगला महत्वपूर्ण प्रश्न है प्रमुख

याम्योत्तर किसे कहते हैं याम्योत्तर का

मतलब देशांतर रेखा से होता है तो प्रमुख

याम्योत्तर रेखा जो होती है वो जीरो

डिग्री की देशांतर रेखा होती है इसे

ग्रीनवे या प्रधान देशांतर रेखा के नाम से

भी जाना जाता है अगला और लास्ट महत्वपूर्ण

प्रश्न है नव संचालन के लिए कौन सा

प्रक्षेप सबसे अधिक उपयोगी माना जाता है

तो जो नव संचालन होता है उसके लिए

सर्वाधिक उपयोगी जो मानचित्र होता है सॉरी

प्रक्षेप जो होता है वह हमारा मर्केटर

पश्चिम होता है तो आज के इस वीडियो में

इतना ही मिलते हैं अगले वीडियो में कुछ

अन्य महत्वपूर्ण जानकारी के लिए धन्यवाद