Harrier and F-35B: Mastering Vertical Takeoff and Landing in Modern Warfare

Summary

这段视频脚本介绍了短距起飞/垂直降落（STOVL）战斗机的魔力，它们如何改变战略格局，使力量能够从几乎任何地方投射空中力量。从在崎岖地形中支援部队，增强海军行动，到在冲突区域的临时基地操作，这些飞机重新定义了现代战争的可能性，展示了航空工程和创新的顶峰。视频详细探讨了AV-8B鹞II和F-35B闪电II，这两种飞机不仅具有独特的起降能力，还具备隐身、多角色作战和先进的电子战能力，代表了战斗机设计的范式转变，融合了尖端技术和作战灵活性。

Takeaways

• 🛫 STOVL战斗机能够实现短距离起飞和垂直降落，这改变了战略格局，使力量能够在几乎任何地方投射空中力量。
• 🏔️ STOVL战斗机能在崎岖地形中支援部队，增强海军行动，或在冲突区域的临时基地操作，重新定义了现代战争的可能性。
• 🚀 AV-8B Harrier II是第一代垂直/短距起降战斗机，能够像直升机一样悬停，然后以接近超音速的速度像喷气机一样前进。
• 💥 AV-8B Harrier II在福克兰战争中参与了狗斗，对抗阿根廷的幻影战斗机，并在海湾战争中执行了3380次战斗任务。
• 💰 90年代，AV-8B Harrier II的成本接近3000万美元，或者7百万Pepsi积分。
• 🛠️ AV-8B Harrier II由麦克唐纳·道格拉斯、英国航空航天公司和劳斯莱斯组成的团队开发，基于1957年英国设计的飞机，并经过了一系列广泛的升级。
• 🔨 Harrier II是第一种广泛使用复合材料的战斗机，这些材料用于机翼、方向舵、襟翼、机头、前机身和尾翼。
• 🔧 Harrier II配备了独特的可变喷气口，能够进行特殊的空中机动，如Pugachev's Cobra，这是一种非常紧密的控制转弯。
• 🔫 AV-8B配备了25毫米GAU-12机炮和多种武器挂载点，能够携带空对空、空对地和反舰导弹，以及非制导和制导炸弹。
• 🛡️ F-35B Lightning II作为第五代隐形战斗机，是一个多功能武器平台，能够重写交战规则，具有STOVL能力。
• 🚀 F-35B的心脏是普拉特·惠特尼F135-PW-600涡扇发动机，能够产生惊人的43,000磅最大推力，推动飞机达到1.6马赫的超音速。
• 🛰️ F-35B具有先进的雷达和电子战系统，使其在雷达上几乎不可见，具有高度的生存能力。
• 🔮 F-35B集成了先进的传感器和目标系统，具有内部武器舱和外部挂架，使其在空中和地面战斗中都是一个强大的对手。
• 💡 F-35B的集成核心处理器（ICP）是飞机的大脑，管理着传感器、航空电子设备和任务系统，为飞行员提供全面且实时的战场视图。

Q & A

什么是STOVL战斗机？

STOVL战斗机指的是短距起飞和垂直降落（Short Takeoff and Vertical Landing）的战斗机，它们能够从几乎任何地方投射空中力量，改变了战略格局。

STOVL战斗机在现代战争中的作用是什么？

STOVL战斗机能够支持复杂地形中的部队，增强海军行动，或在冲突区域的临时基地操作，重新定义了现代战争的可能性。

AV-8B Harrier II是由哪些公司开发的？

AV-8B Harrier II是由麦克唐纳·道格拉斯（McDonnell Douglas）、英国宇航公司（British Aerospace）和劳斯莱斯（Rolls-Royce）组成的团队开发的。

AV-8B Harrier II在哪些战争中有过实战经验？

AV-8B Harrier II在福克兰战争和沙漠风暴行动中都有过实战经验，其中在沙漠风暴行动中飞行了3380次战斗任务。

AV-8B Harrier II的武器系统包括哪些？

AV-8B Harrier II配备了一门25毫米GAU-12机炮，以及六个翼下硬点和两个机身硬点，能够携带各种空对空、空对地和反舰导弹以及非制导和制导炸弹。

F-35B Lightning II的STOVL能力是如何实现的？

F-35B Lightning II的STOVL能力是通过其独特的发动机3轴承旋转模块和劳斯莱斯LiftFan系统实现的，这个系统可以额外产生20000磅的推力。

F-35B Lightning II的隐身特性是如何实现的？

F-35B Lightning II的隐身特性是通过先进的雷达吸收材料和设计特征实现的，使其在雷达上几乎不可见。

F-35B Lightning II的电子战能力如何？

F-35B Lightning II配备了先进的电子战套件，用于电子攻击、保护和支援措施，确保其在高度竞争的空域中的存活能力。

F-35B Lightning II的航电系统包括哪些？

F-35B Lightning II的航电系统包括集成核心处理器（ICP）、AN/APG-81 AESA雷达和分布式孔径系统（DAS），提供360度战场视野。

F-35B Lightning II的作战半径和最大起飞重量是多少？

F-35B Lightning II的作战半径约为大约1000公里，最大起飞重量为31800公斤。

F-35B Lightning II面临的主要批评是什么？

F-35B Lightning II面临的主要批评是成本高昂和系统复杂性，尽管如此，它对现代空中力量的影响是不可否认的。

Outlines

00:00

🚀 STOVL战斗机的革命性影响

短距起飞/垂直降落（STOVL）战斗机改变了战略格局，它们能在任何地方投射空中力量。这种飞机在崎岖地形支援部队、增强海军行动或在冲突区域的临时基地操作中，展示了航空工程和创新的巅峰。AV-8B Harrier II是首个V/STOL战斗机家族的成员，由麦道、英国宇航和罗尔斯·罗伊斯共同开发。它具有22,000磅的推力，能像直升机一样悬停，然后以接近超音速的速度向前冲刺。尽管它不是作为战斗机设计的，但在福克兰战争中与阿根廷的幻影战斗机进行了空战。在美国，它经历了重大升级，并在沙漠风暴行动中飞行了3,380次战斗任务，投掷了超过600万磅的弹药。AV-8B Harrier II是第一架广泛使用复合材料的战斗机，其结构中有很大一部分由复合材料制成。

05:03

🔥 AV-8B Harrier II的武器系统与性能

AV-8B Harrier II拥有一个机身中心线和六个机翼硬点，除了两个机身站外，还有一个25毫米GAU-12机炮和弹药包。这种五管机炮基于GAU-8/A Avenger机炮的机制，但发射新的北约系列25毫米弹药。其射速通常为每分钟4200发，最大射速为每分钟7200发。机翼硬点使飞机能够携带多达8000磅的武器，包括空对空、空对地和反舰导弹，以及非制导和制导炸弹。通过使用硬点兼容的外部油箱，飞机的内部燃料容量可以增加，最大航程可达1500海里，作战半径为400海里。由于F-35的延迟和审查，Harrier得到了第二次机会，美国海军陆战队寻求对其Harrier部队进行增强，包括更先进的AMRAAM导弹和500磅GBU-54激光联合直接攻击弹药。

10:05

🛫 F-35B Lightning II的创新设计与性能

F-35B Lightning II是第五代隐形战斗机，是工程奇迹，不仅仅是另一架喷气机，它是一个多功能武器平台，可以重写交战规则。F-35B能够执行短距起飞和垂直降落，这一独特特性使其能够从小型舰船、简陋的着陆带甚至受损的跑道上操作。F-35B的心脏是普拉特·惠特尼F135-PW-600涡扇发动机，这个强大的发动机产生43,000磅的最大推力，推动飞机达到1.6马赫的超音速。F-35B的STOVL能力是通过发动机独特的三轴承旋转模块和罗尔斯·罗伊斯升力风扇实现的。这个创新系统产生额外的20,000磅推力，使F-35B能够在非常短的距离内起飞并垂直降落。F-35B的性能同样令人印象深刻，其内部燃料的作战半径约为450海里，可以超过15,000英尺的服务上限，并具有最大起飞重量。

15:08

💻 F-35B的先进技术与作战能力

F-35B的武器库包括一个内部GAU-22/A机炮用于近战，两个内部武器舱能够携带各种空对空和空对地弹药，以及六个外部挂架用于额外的武器或燃料箱。这种多样化的武器装备，结合其先进的传感器和瞄准系统，使F-35B在空对空和空对地战斗中成为一个强大的对手。F-35B的技术核心是集成核心处理器（ICP），这是一个强大的计算机系统，作为飞机的大脑，管理着大量的传感器、航空电子设备和任务系统，无缝集成数据，并为飞行员提供全面和实时的战场视图。F-35B的驾驶舱是尖端技术的避风港，AN/APG-81 AESA雷达提供无与伦比的态势感知和目标跟踪能力。F-35B的低可观测隐形特性，通过先进的雷达吸收材料和设计特点实现，使其在雷达上几乎无法检测。这与集成的电子战套件相结合，确保了其在高度竞争的空域中的存活能力。尽管F-35B因其成本和复杂性受到批评，但其对现代空中力量的影响是不可否认的。

Keywords

💡STOVL战斗机

STOVL是Short Takeoff and Vertical Landing的缩写，指的是短距起飞和垂直降落的战斗机。这类战斗机能够从非常短的跑道或者没有跑道的地方起飞和降落，极大地提高了作战灵活性。视频中提到STOVL战斗机改变了战略格局，能够在几乎任何地方投送空中力量，如在崎岖地形支援部队、增强海军作战或在冲突区域的临时基地操作。

💡AV-8B Harrier II

AV-8B Harrier II是一种由麦克唐纳·道格拉斯公司、英国宇航公司和罗尔斯·罗伊斯公司共同开发的STOVL攻击机。它基于1957年英国设计的初代Harrier，经过一系列升级，显著减少了飞行员的工作负担，并提高了能见度和适应性。视频中提到，AV-8B Harrier II在第一次海湾战争中飞行了3380次战斗任务，投送了超过600万磅的军火。

💡复合材料

复合材料是由两种或两种以上不同性质的材料组合而成的新型材料，具有轻质、高强度等特点。在视频中，AV-8B Harrier II是第一种广泛使用复合材料的战斗机，这些材料被用于机翼、方向舵、襟翼、机头、前机身和尾翼等部位，占飞机结构的大部分。

💡F-35B Lightning II

F-35B Lightning II是一种第五代隐身战斗机，具有STOVL能力，能够从小型舰船、简陋的跑道甚至受损的跑道上操作。视频中描述了F-35B的先进性能，包括其隐身设计、先进的航电设备、360度战场视野的分布式孔径系统（DAS），以及多角色作战能力。

💡垂直起降

垂直起降是指飞机不需要跑道，可以直接垂直起飞和降落的能力。视频中提到F-35B Lightning II具有这种能力，这使得它能够在更小的空间内操作，如航空母舰的甲板或受损的机场，极大地提高了其在现代战争中的适应性和灵活性。

💡Rolls-Royce LiftFan

Rolls-Royce LiftFan是F-35B Lightning II中的一个重要组件，它是一个复杂的系统，能够在垂直起降操作中提供必要的升力。视频中提到，这个系统包括一个直径较大的风扇，能够产生大量的推力，同时还包括一个反旋转风扇和轴流压气机，通过离合器和齿轮箱系统与发动机的低压涡轮相连。

💡Pratt & Whitney F135-PW-600

Pratt & Whitney F135-PW-600是F-35B Lightning II战斗机的发动机，它是一个技术奇迹，能够产生高达43,000磅的最大推力，推动飞机达到Mach 1.6的超音速速度。视频中强调了这个发动机的独特3轴承旋转模块和Rolls-Royce LiftFan系统，它们共同实现了F-35B的STOVL能力。

💡隐身技术

隐身技术是指通过设计和材料减少飞机在雷达上的可探测性，使飞机在敌方传感器面前几乎不可见。视频中提到F-35B Lightning II采用了先进的隐身设计，包括雷达吸收材料和特征，这使得它在高度竞争的空域中具有很高的生存能力。

💡Integrated Core Processor (ICP)

Integrated Core Processor (ICP)是F-35B Lightning II飞机的中央处理系统，它管理着飞机的传感器、航电设备和任务系统，整合数据并为飞行员提供全面实时的战场视图。视频中强调了ICP在F-35B的技术实力中的核心地位，它确保了飞机的先进性能和作战效率。

💡AN/APG-81 AESA雷达

AN/APG-81 AESA雷达是F-35B Lightning II的先进电子扫描阵列雷达，它提供了无与伦比的态势感知和目标跟踪能力。视频中提到这种雷达是飞行员在战斗中的重要辅助工具，它能够提供关于战场的详细信息，增强飞行员的决策能力。

💡多角色作战能力

多角色作战能力指的是飞机能够在单一机体内执行多种作战任务，如空对空战斗、对地打击和电子战。视频中提到F-35B Lightning II具备这种能力，它的武器库包括内部武器舱和外部挂架，能够携带多种空对空和空对地弹药，使其成为空中和地面战斗中的有力对手。

Highlights

STOVL战斗机能够改变战略格局，实现几乎在任何地方部署空中力量。

STOVL战斗机在复杂地形支援、增强海军行动或在冲突区域的临时基地操作中，重新定义了现代战争的可能性。

第一代STOVL战斗机在福克兰战争中与阿根廷的幻影战斗机进行了空战，并表现出色。

AV-8B Harrier II由麦克唐纳道格拉斯、英国宇航公司和劳斯莱斯团队开发，基于1957年英国设计。

Harrier II是首架广泛使用复合材料的战斗机，占飞机结构的大部分。

AV-8B Harrier II具有独特的矢量喷管设计，能够执行特殊的空中机动。

Harrier II配备了25毫米GAU-12机炮，具有高射速和强大火力。

Harrier II能够携带多种武器，包括空对空、空对地和反舰导弹，以及非制导和制导炸弹。

F-35B Lightning II作为第五代隐身战斗机，具有改变现代空战规则的潜力。

F-35B的STOVL能力使其能够在更小的舰船、简陋的着陆带甚至受损跑道上操作。

Pratt & Whitney F135-PW-600涡轮风扇发动机为F-35B提供了惊人的推力，使其达到超音速。

Rolls-Royce LiftFan系统为F-35B提供了垂直起降所需的额外升力。

F-35B的隐身设计和先进的电子战套件使其在高度竞争的空域中具有生存能力。

F-35B配备了先进的传感器和目标系统，使其在空中和地面战斗中成为强大的对手。

F-35B的集成核心处理器（ICP）作为飞机的大脑，管理着各种传感器和任务系统。

F-35B的驾驶舱配备了尖端技术，包括AN/APG-81 AESA雷达和分布式孔径系统（DAS）。

尽管F-35B存在成本和复杂性的争议，但其对现代空中力量的影响是不可否认的。

F-35B代表了战斗机设计的范式转变，融合了尖端技术和操作灵活性。

Transcripts

Imagine a jet you can land at

a gas station in the middle of nowhere

this is the magic of Short Takeoff

and Vertical Landing (STOVL) fighters.

STOVL fighters, transform the strategic landscape,

enabling forces to project airpower

from virtually anywhere.

Whether supporting troops in rugged terrain,

enhancing naval operations,

or operating from makeshift bases in conflict zones,

these jets redefine the possibilities of modern warfare,

showcasing the pinnacle of aviation engineering

and innovation.

Let’s take a closer look at these remarkable machines.

This aircraft

is from the first V/STOL fighter jet family.

Meaning that, 22,000 pounds of thrust

enable it to hover like a helicopter,

and then blast forward

like a jet at near-supersonic speeds.

And even though

it is subsonic and not designed as a fighter,

the 1st generation of this aircraft

saw dogfight action during the Falkland War

and held its own

against Argentina’s Mirage jet fighters.

Then it came to America,

got a huge upgrade and continued its trial by fire.

During the 42 days of combat

of Operation Desert Storm,

it flew 3,380 combat sorties (4,112 combat hours)

and delivered more than

6 million pounds of ordnance.

So it became a movie and TV star.

Back in the 90s,

this aircraft cost almost 30 million dollars.

Or, 7 million Pepsi points!

The AV-8B Harrier II was developed by a team

comprised of McDonnell Douglas,

British Aerospace, and Rolls-Royce.

It was based on the 1957 British-designed

However, it went through a series of extensive upgrades.

The technological advances incorporated

into the Harrier II

significantly reduce the workload

on the pilot.

And to improve visibility

and better accommodate the crew and avionics hardware,

the cockpit was elevated by

and the canopy was redesigned.

The Harrier II is the first combat

aircraft to employ composite materials extensively.

They are used on the

wings, rudder, flaps,

nose, forward fuselage and empennage.

In total,

of the aircraft’s structure is made of composites.

The AV-8B, built in St. Louis, Missouri,

first flew in 1981,

and over 340 Harrier IIs were built.

For more than three decades, the AV-8B Harrier

has been a workhorse of the US Marine Corps.

The Harrier II AV-8B is an attack aircraft

with some really cool characteristics.

It has

and shoulder-mounted wings

The aircraft is propelled

by a single

which has two intakes and four synchronized

vectorable nozzles close to the turbine.

Two of these nozzles are near the engine's forward,

cold end,

while the other two are near the engine's rear, hot end

while the majority of fixed-wing aircraft

have their engine nozzles at the back.

To provide control at low airspeeds,

the Harrier II also has smaller

in the nose, tail, and wingtips.

With the help of its unique nozzles, the Harrier II

can perform a special air maneuver called

that is making radically tight, controlled turns.

The AV-8B has one fuselage centerline

and six wing hardpoints, apart from two fuselage stations

for a 25 mm GAU-12

and ammunition pack.

This five-barrel cannon is based on the mechanism

of the GAU-8/A Avenger cannon

but fires a new NATO series of 25 mm ammunition.

Its rate of fire is normally

with a maximum of

That is some serious punch,

but it doesn’t end there.

The hardpoints enable the aircraft

to carry a total of

of weapons,

including air to air, air to surface,

and anti ship missiles,

as well as unguided and guided bombs.

It can achieve a speed of

internal fuel capacity of the plane

can be increased by using hardpoint-compatible

external drop tanks,

giving the aircraft a maximum

ferry range of

and a combat radius of

The Harriers were supposed to be retired,

but the F-35’s delays and a review

that not only altered how the Marines used the Harrier

but also revealed

that the airframes

still had a lot more flight time in them

than had been previously believed

gave them a second chance.

Due to this, the Marines sought for enhancements

for the Harrier force,

such as more recent AMRAAM missiles

and the 500-pound GBU-54 Laser

Joint Direct Attack Munition,

which combined GPS guidance and a laser seeker.

The Harrier looks like it will be around for a while,

even as the F-35B Lightning II,

the V/STOL version of the Joint Strike Fighter,

enters service.

In the ever-evolving theater of modern warfare,

where adaptability and technological prowess

reign supreme,

the F-35B Lightning II emerges

as a game-changer.

This fifth-generation stealth fighter,

a marvel of engineering, isn't just another jet

it's a versatile weapon platform

that can rewrite the rules of engagement.

Born from the ambitious Joint Strike Fighter program,

the F-35B was conceived to replace a multitude

of aging aircraft

across different branches of the military.

Its defining feature?

The ability to perform short

takeoffs and vertical landings,

a capability known as STOVL.

This unique trait opens up a world of possibilities,

allowing the F-35B to operate from smaller ships,

austere landing strips, and even damaged runways.

Picture this:

a sleek, angular fighter jet

launching from a compact aircraft carrier deck,

not with a roaring takeoff run,

but with a controlled vertical ascent,

its powerful engine

and innovative lift fan system defying gravity.

The F-35B isn't confined by traditional limitations;

it's a force multiplier

that can project airpower from places

previously deemed inaccessible.

with its sleek

and compact design, measures

boasts a wingspan of

and stands

Its wing area of

contributes its impressive lift

and maneuverability.

The heart of the F-35B is the

Pratt & Whitney F135-PW-600 turbofan engine,

a technological marvel in itself.

This powerful engine produces a staggering

43,000 pounds of maximum thrust,

propelling the aircraft

to supersonic speeds of Mach 1.6.

However, the F-35B's

defining characteristic lies in its STOVL capability,

achieved through a combination

of the engine's unique 3-bearing swivel module

and a Rolls-Royce LiftFan.

This innovative system

generates an additional 20,000 pounds of thrust,

enabling the F-35B to take off in remarkably short

distances and land vertically.

The Rolls-Royce LiftFan is a sophisticated

and integral component of the F-35B’s

providing the necessary lift

for vertical takeoff and landing operations.

Manufactured by Rolls-Royce,

this LiftFan boasts a fan diameter of

and produces approximately

of thrust,

all while weighing around

The LiftFan's configuration

includes a counter rotating fan

and an axial-flow compressor, driven by a shaft

connected to the low-pressure

turbine of the

via a clutch and gearbox system.

This shaft-driven system ensures the LiftFan operates

at the required speed for vertical lift.

One of the LiftFan’s unique features is the

an exhaust nozzle at the rear of the F-35B

that can rotate

90 degrees downward to direct engine thrust downward,

working in tandem

with the LiftFan to achieve vertical lift.

Additionally,

auxiliary nozzles known as Roll Posts on the wings

provide extra stability

and control during vertical takeoff and landing.

The system also includes inlet and exhaust doors

that open to allow air into the LiftFan during

vertical operations and close during conventional flight

to maintain stealth and aerodynamic efficiency.

The LiftFan uses advanced materials such as titanium

and composites to withstand

high temperatures and stresses

while keeping weight to a minimum.

Its cooling system includes mechanisms

to manage heat generated during vertical lift operations,

ensuring the components’ longevity and reliability.

Integrated with the aircraft's

flight control system,

the LiftFan’s operation is precisely managed

to provide seamless transitions

between vertical and conventional flight modes.

This advanced design and engineering

enable the F-35B

to perform operations from short runways

and amphibious assault ships,

making it a versatile and invaluable asset

for military operations.

The F-35B’s performance is equally impressive.

With a combat radius of approximately

on internal fuel,

it can reach a service ceiling of over

and has a maximum takeoff weight of

Its impressive

range, exceeding

on internal fuel,

allows for extended missions

without the need for aerial refueling.

But the F-35B is more than just

its STOVL capabilities.

It's a stealthy phantom,

its radar-evading design

making it nearly invisible to enemy sensors.

It's a digital hunter,

equipped with advanced avionics

and a cutting-edge

Distributed Aperture System (DAS)

that provides the pilot

with a 360-degree view of the battlespace.

It's a multirole warrior, capable

of air-to-air combat,

ground strikes, and electronic warfare,

all within a single airframe.

The F-35B is a potent weapon platform.

Its arsenal includes an internal

for close-in engagements,

two internal bays capable of carrying a variety

of air-to-air

and air-to-ground munitions,

and six external pylons

for additional weaponry or fuel tanks.

This diverse armament,

coupled with its advanced sensors

and targeting systems,

makes the F-35B a formidable adversary

in both air to air and air to ground combat.

At the heart of the F-35B’s technological prowess

is the Integrated Core Processor (ICP),

a powerful computer system

that serves as the brain of the aircraft.

manages the vast array of sensors,

avionics, and mission systems,

seamlessly integrating data

and providing the pilot

with a comprehensive and real-time

view of the battlespace.

The F-35B’s cockpit

is a haven of cutting-edge technology.

The AN/APG-81 AESA radar,

a state of the art

electronically scanned array radar, provides

unparalleled situational awareness

and target tracking capabilities.

further enhances the pilot's situational awareness

by providing a

of the battlespace.

Other advanced systems, such as the

provide the pilot with critical information

and targeting data in real-time.

The F-35B’s low observable stealth,

achieved through advanced

radar-absorbing materials and design features,

makes it incredibly difficult to detect on radar.

This, combined

with its integrated electronic warfare

suite for electronic attack, protection,

and support measures, ensures its survivability

in highly contested airspace.

The F-35B is not without its critics,

with debates over cost and complexity.

However, its impact on modern airpower is undeniable.

It represents a paradigm shift in fighter design,

a fusion of cutting-edge technology

and operational flexibility.

Whether operating from a carrier deck, a remote outpost,

or a damaged airfield,

the F-35B is a force to be reckoned with,

a testament to the ingenuity of human engineering

and the relentless pursuit of air dominance.

This concludes our episode

that provides a glimpse into STVOL fighters.

So, what do you think about these fascinating aircraft?

What other pieces of military hardware

would you like us to cover in our future episodes?

Also,

if you were lucky enough to see

one of the aircraft mentioned in this video up close,

or better yet, fly one, please comment!

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