ICSE Class 9 Biology Plant and Animal Tissues 1 – Plant Tissues
Summary
TLDRThis script delves into the fascinating world of plant tissues, highlighting the crucial roles of meristematic and permanent tissues in plant growth and structure. Meristematic tissues, responsible for plant growth at the tips of stems and roots, differentiate into permanent tissues that can be simple or complex. Simple permanent tissues like parenchyma and collenchyma provide support and flexibility, while complex tissues like xylem and phloem facilitate transport of water, minerals, and sugars. Protective tissues, such as the epidermis and cork, shield plants from the environment, ensuring their survival and adaptation.
Takeaways
- 🌱 Meristematic tissues are responsible for plant growth, rapidly dividing at the tips of stems and roots.
- 📏 Meristematic tissues are classified into apical, lateral, and intercalary, each with specific roles in plant structure and growth.
- 🔄 Differentiation is the process where meristematic cells lose their ability to divide and transform into permanent tissues.
- 🌿 Parenchyma is a type of simple permanent tissue that forms the ground tissue in plants and is involved in photosynthesis and food storage.
- 🌻 Collenchyma is another simple permanent tissue that provides mechanical support and flexibility in plants.
- 🌳 Sclerenchyma is composed of dead cells with lignin, offering strength to the plant's vascular tissues and coverings.
- 🌲 Xylem is a complex permanent tissue that includes tracheids, vessels, and fibers, essential for water and mineral transport.
- 🍬 Phloem is another complex permanent tissue with sieve tubes, companion cells, and fibers, responsible for food transport and storage.
- 🛡 Protective tissues such as epidermis and cork shield the plant from the environment and facilitate gaseous exchange through stomata.
- 🌾 Epidermal cells in roots have hair-like structures for absorption, and as plants age, the cork layer provides a secondary protective barrier.
Q & A
What is the basic unit of structure and function in plants?
-The basic unit of structure and function in plants is the cell, which can form tissues when similar cells work together.
Why are some plant tissues composed of dead cells?
-Some plant tissues are composed of dead cells to provide mechanical strength, as plants are stationary and require structural support.
What is the role of meristematic tissue in plant growth?
-Meristematic tissue is responsible for plant growth as it consists of rapidly dividing cells that increase the length at the tips of stems and roots.
How are meristematic tissues classified based on their location in the plant?
-Meristematic tissues are classified as apical, lateral, and intercalary based on their location in the plant, affecting different aspects of growth such as length and girth.
What happens to meristematic cells as they age?
-As meristematic cells age, they lose the capacity to divide and transform into permanent tissues through a process called differentiation.
What is the function of parenchyma tissue in plants?
-Parenchyma tissue serves as the ground tissue in the central cortex and peripheral parts of stems and roots, and in leaves, it contains chloroplasts for photosynthesis.
What is the primary function of collenchyma tissue?
-Collenchyma tissue provides mechanical support and flexibility in plants, with its cells having irregularly thickened cell walls at the corners.
How does sclerenchyma tissue contribute to the strength of a plant?
-Sclerenchyma tissue contributes to the strength of a plant by consisting of long, narrow, dead cells with lignin deposited in their cell walls, found in vascular tissues and covering seeds and nuts.
What are the two types of complex permanent tissues in plants and what do they do?
-The two types of complex permanent tissues are xylem and phloem. Xylem transports water and minerals, while phloem transports sugars or food from the leaves to other parts of the plant.
What is the role of the epidermis in plant protection?
-The epidermis is the outermost protective layer of fruits, stems, and leaves, serving to protect the plant and facilitate gaseous exchange through stomata.
What is the function of the periderm in older roots and stems?
-The periderm, formed by secondary meristems, replaces the outer protective tissue in older roots and stems, providing a waterproof barrier that is impermeable to gases and water.
Outlines
🌿 Meristematic and Permanent Tissues in Plant Growth
This paragraph delves into the concept of plant tissues, focusing on meristematic and permanent tissues. Meristematic tissues, characterized by rapidly dividing cells, are crucial for plant growth, occurring at the tips of stems and roots. As these cells age, they differentiate into permanent tissues, which can be simple or complex. Simple permanent tissues include parenchyma, which is involved in photosynthesis and food storage, and collenchyma, providing mechanical support and flexibility. Complex permanent tissues consist of xylem and phloem, responsible for the transport of water, minerals, and sugars throughout the plant. The paragraph also touches on the transformation of meristematic tissues into permanent ones, emphasizing the process of differentiation.
🛡️ Complex Permanent Tissues and Protective Layers in Plants
The second paragraph explores complex permanent tissues, specifically xylem and phloem, and their components. Xylem is composed of tracheids, vessels, xylem parenchyma, and xylem fibers, which together facilitate water and mineral transport and provide structural support. Phloem includes sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem parenchyma, and phloem fibers, responsible for the distribution of sugars and food storage. Additionally, the paragraph discusses protective tissues such as the epidermis, which serves as the outer layer of fruits, stems, and leaves, and cork, a secondary protective layer in older roots and stems. The epidermis is highlighted for its role in gaseous exchange through stomata and its waterproof cuticle, while cork cells are noted for their impermeability due to suberin deposition.
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Mindmap
Keywords
💡Tissue
💡Meristematic Tissue
💡Apical Meristem
💡Differentiation
💡Permanent Tissue
💡Parenchyma
💡Collenchyma
💡Sclerenchyma
💡Complex Permanent Tissue
💡Xylem
💡Phloem
💡Protective Tissue
Highlights
Plant tissues are categorized into meristematic and permanent tissues, with unique functions for growth and structure.
Meristematic tissues are responsible for plant growth, found at the tips of stems and roots, and are rapidly dividing.
Different types of meristematic tissues include apical, lateral, and intercalary, each contributing to various aspects of plant growth.
Meristematic cells are characterized by being living, cubicle, and thin-walled with large nuclei and no intercellular spaces.
Old meristematic cells lose their ability to divide and transform into permanent tissues through a process called differentiation.
Permanent tissues can be simple or complex, with simple tissues including parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma.
Parenchyma tissue is the ground tissue in stems, roots, and leaves, playing a role in photosynthesis and food storage.
Collenchyma tissue provides mechanical support and flexibility in plants, with thickened cell walls at the corners.
Sclerenchyma tissue consists of dead cells with lignin in their cell walls, offering strength to plant structures.
Complex permanent tissues, such as xylem and phloem, are made up of multiple cell types working together for common functions.
Xylem includes tracheids and vessels for water transport, xylem parenchyma for storage, and xylem fibers for support.
Phloem consists of sieve tubes for transporting sugars, companion cells, phloem parenchyma, and phloem fibers for support.
Protective tissues like epidermis and cork shield plants from the environment, with stomata aiding in gaseous exchange.
Epidermal cells of roots have hair-like structures for absorption, while secondary meristems form a protective layer in older plants.
Cork cells in older roots and stems are impermeable to gases and water due to thickened cell walls with suberin.
Plant growth is a dynamic process involving the transformation of meristematic tissues into permanent tissues for structural support and function.
The various types of plant tissues highlight the complexity and specialization required for plant survival and adaptation.
Transcripts
a group of cells that are similar in
structure and that work together to
achieve a particular function forms like
tissue
plants are stationary and so some of the
tissues they have are dead cells which
provide mechanical strength these are
the different types of plant tissues
meristematic and permanent tissues
look at how this plant is growing month
by month
this is due to a special type of tissue
called meristematic tissue
these tissues are rapidly dividing
tissues
plant growth occurs only at those points
where these tissues are present the tips
of the stem and the root
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meristematic cells are living cubicle
and thin-walled each cell has a large
nucleus cells are closely packed with no
intercellular spaces
depending on the region where they are
present meristematic tissues are
classified as apical lateral and inter
calorie
apical meristem is present at the apical
or growing tips of stems and roots it
increases the length of the plant
lateral meristem or cambium is present
in the radial portion of the stem or
root it increases the girth of the plant
intercalary meristem occurs at the base
of the leaves or at the inter nodes it
helps to increase the length of the
inter node
what eventually happens to these
metastatic tissues
old meristematic cells lose the capacity
to divide and transform into permanent
tissues this process of taking up a
permanent shape size and function is
called differentiation
permanent issues can be simple or
complex depending upon their structure
and function
look at the stem of the plant
what tissue is the stem meters
stem is made of the tissue baton climber
badan khaimah consists of elongated
living cells with a thin cell wall made
of cellulose
these cells are polygonal in shape and
have a large central vacuum
they also have intercellular spaces
between them they are found loosely
packed with unspecialized cells
parenchyma forms the ground tissue in
the central cortex and the peripheral
bit of stems and roots
in leaves they contain chloroplasts and
are called chlorin Kaymer which help in
photosynthesis
in aquatic plants parenchyma tis cells
contain large air cavities that help in
buoyancy and are called Erin Kaymer
parenchyma tease cells in fruits and
vegetables are filled with starch which
help in food storage
let's take a look at another simple
permanent tissue the colon Kaymer colon
Kaymer consists of elongated living
cells with cell walls made of cellulose
and pectin these cells have irregularly
thickened at the corners and have little
intercellular spaces
they occur in the peripheral regions of
stems below the epidermis in leaf stalks
leaf mid ribs and also in herbaceous
dicot stems
: Kaymer tissues provide mechanical
support and flexibility in plants here
is another type of simple permanent
tissue that sclerenchyma
these are long narrow cells with no
intercellular spaces sclerenchyma
consists of dead cells with lignin
deposited in their cell wall they occur
in the vascular tissues of stems veins
of leaves and in the covering of seeds
and nuts these tissues provide strength
to the plant
what are complex permanent issues
complex permanent tissues are made of
more than one type of cells that
coordinate together to perform a common
function
these are of two types namely xylem and
phloem
let's explore the different components
of the xylem track yet
vessels
xylem parenchyma
and Siloam fibers
tracheids are tubular dead cells they
transport water their cell wall is made
of lignin which provides mechanical
support
vessels
our elongated dead cells with bits that
transport water and minerals they are
usually present in big trees
xylem parenchyma cells are living and
they store thought
xylem fibers
are elongated dead cells with lignin
that provide mechanical support
let's now look at the different elements
of phloem
see tubes
companion cells
slowin parenchyma and slowing fibers
save tubes are elongated living cells
with perforated walls they transport
sugar or food from the leaves to the
stem and the roots
companion cells are small elongated and
help in conduction of food
slow and parenchyma store and transport
food
phloem fibers
I'll pick Walt elongated dead cells
which provide mechanical support
another type of tissue that is very
important for plants is the protective
tissue they protect plants from the
surroundings protective tissues include
epidermis and cop
epidermis is the outermost protective
layer of fruits stems
and leaves it is one cell thick and
covered with a waterproof layer called
cuticle these cells are continuous flat
and have no intercellular spaces
the epidermis is perforated by the
presence of stomata at certain places
stomata are surrounded by guard cells
and help in gaseous exchange and loss of
water epidermal cells of the root bear
hair like things that help in absorption
as the plant grows older secondary
meristems replace the outer protective
tissue this Altemus layer in older roots
and stems is called kaak kaak cells are
dead and lack intercellular spaces cell
walls are thickened by suberin which
makes them impermeable to gases and
water
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