🥇 SISTEMA ENDOCRINO en 12 Minutos!!. ¡Fácil y Sencillo!
Summary
TLDREl script del video de 'Easy Anatomy' por Juan José Sánchez introduce al espectador al sistema endocrino, un conjunto de glándulas que producen hormonas esenciales para el desarrollo y la vida. Hormonas como el crecimiento, la insulina y la glucagón son mensajeros químicos que permiten la comunicación entre órganos. El hipotalamo y la glándula pituitaria son los mandos centrales, controlando la mayoría de las glándulas endocrinas, mientras que otras como las glándulas pancreáticas y paratiroidesas tienen una autonomía más grande. El video también cubre glándulas sexuales como los testículos y ovarios y sus respectivas hormonas sexuales.
Takeaways
- 🧠 El sistema endocrino es un sistema esencial en el cuerpo humano, compuesto por glándulas que producen sustancias llamadas hormonas.
- 🌟 Las hormonas son mensajeros químicos que permiten la comunicación entre los diferentes órganos del cuerpo humano.
- 📚 El sistema endocrino incluye glándulas endocrinas, que liberan hormonas directamente a la sangre, y glándulas exocrinas, que liberan sus sustancias a través de conductos.
- 🧬 Las glándulas endocrinas son importantes para el desarrollo, crecimiento y regulación de funciones corporales.
- 🔬 El hipotálamo es una parte del cerebro que controla gran parte del sistema endocrino y produce hormonas que estimulan la glándula pituitaria.
- 💉 La glándula pituitaria es conocida como la 'glándula maestra' y recibe órdenes del hipotálamo para estimular otras glándulas del cuerpo.
- 🌡 La glándula tiroides, ubicada en el cuello, produce hormonas que regulan el metabolismo y es controlada por la pituitaria y el hipotálamo.
- 🦴 Las glándulas paratiroides, pequeñas y cerca de la tiroides, producen hormonas que regulan el metabolismo de calcio y fósforo en los huesos y su excreción renal.
- 🥃 El páncreas tiene una función endocrina importante, produciendo insulina y glucagon, que son cruciales para el metabolismo de carbohidratos.
- 🫁 Las glándulas adrenales, ubicadas encima de los riñones, producen catecolaminas, aldosterona y cortisol, que tienen funciones diversas en el cuerpo.
- 🚹 Los testículos en los hombres y los ovarios en las mujeres son glándulas sexuales que producen hormonas sexuales secundarias como el testosterona y la estrogena, respectivamente.
- 🤰 Las hormonas como la progesterona tienen roles importantes en el cuerpo, incluyendo el mantenimiento de la embarazada.
Q & A
¿Qué es el sistema endocrino y qué papel juega en el cuerpo humano?
-El sistema endocrino es el conjunto de glándulas que producen sustancias esenciales para la vida y el desarrollo, llamadas hormonas, que se liberan directamente en la sangre y actúan como mensajeros químicos para la comunicación entre los diferentes órganos del cuerpo.
¿Cómo se comunican los órganos del cuerpo humano a través del sistema endocrino?
-Los órganos se comunican a través de hormonas, que son mensajeros químicos liberados por las glándulas endocrinas y que viajan en la sangre para influir en otras células o órganos.
¿Qué glándulas son consideradas como parte del sistema endocrino?
-Las glándulas endocrinas, como la hipófisis, tiroides, glándulas paratiroides, páncreas, glándulas adrenales, testículos y ovarios, son parte del sistema endocrino debido a que liberan hormonas directamente en la sangre.
¿Cuál es la función principal de las hormonas dentro del cuerpo?
-Las hormonas son esenciales para regular y coordinar las funciones corporales, incluyendo el crecimiento, el metabolismo, la reproducción y la respuesta al estrés.
¿Qué glándula actúa como el 'general' del sistema endocrino y cómo manda órdenes a otras glándulas?
-La hipófisis actúa como el 'general' del sistema endocrino, enviando hormonas que estimulan a la glándula pituitaria y, a su vez, esta última libera hormonas que estimulan el resto de las glándulas del cuerpo.
¿Cuál es la función de la glándula pituitararia y cómo se relaciona con la hipófisis?
-La glándula pituitararia recibe órdenes de la hipófisis y libera hormonas que estimulan a otras glándulas del cuerpo, como la tiroides, para que produzcan sus propias hormonas.
¿Qué hormonas produce la tiroides y cuál es su función principal?
-La tiroides produce principalmente las hormonas T3 y T4, que aceleran el metabolismo general del cuerpo.
¿Qué glándulas están ubicadas detrás de la tiroides y qué hormona producen?
-Las glándulas paratiroides están ubicadas detrás de la tiroides y producen la hormona paratiroidea (PTH), que juega un papel importante en el metabolismo de calcio y fósforo en los huesos y su excreción renal.
¿Cuáles son las dos hormonas principales que produce la glándula pancreática y cuál es su función?
-La glándula pancreática produce insulina y glucagon; insulina baja los niveles de glucosa en la sangre, mientras que glucagon los eleva, siendo ambas importantes en el metabolismo de carbohidratos.
¿Qué hormonas producen las glándulas adrenales y qué funciones desempeñan?
-Las glándulas adrenales producen catecolaminas (adrenalina y noradrenalina) que aumentan la frecuencia cardíaca y la fuerza de los contracciones cardíacas, aldosterona que regula los líquidos corporales, y cortisol, una激素 que tiene múltiples funciones corporales.
¿Cuáles son las hormonas producidas por los testículos y por los ovarios, y cuál es su función principal?
-Los testículos producen testosterona, que está relacionada con el desarrollo de caracteres sexuales secundarios en los hombres, mientras que los ovarios producen estrogeno y progesterona, que estimulan la formación de caracteres sexuales secundarios en las mujeres y mantienen el embarazo, respectivamente.
Outlines
😀 Introducción al Sistema Endocrino
El primer párrafo presenta la introducción a un nuevo video sobre el sistema endocrino por Juan José Sánchez en su canal Easy Anatomy. Se describe al sistema endocrino como un conjunto de glándulas que producen hormonas esenciales para el desarrollo y la vida, y se enfatiza su importancia en la comunicación entre los órganos del cuerpo humano a través de estas sustancias químicas llamadas hormonas.
🧠 Organos Centrales del Sistema Endocrino
Este párrafo se enfoca en los órganos centrales del sistema endocrino: el hipotálamo y la glándula pituitaria. El hipotálamo actúa como el comandante del sistema endocrino, liberando hormonas que estimulan la glándula pituitaria, que a su vez regula la producción de hormonas en otras glándulas del cuerpo. Se mencionan las glándulas tiroides y paratiroides, destacando su función en el metabolismo de la cal y fósforo, respectivamente, y cómo estas últimas no están reguladas por el eje hipotalámico-pituitaria.
💪 Glándulas Endocrinas y sus Hormonas
En el tercer párrafo, se discuten las glándulas adrenales, páncreas, testículos y ovarios, y sus respectivas funciones. Las glándulas adrenales producen catecolaminas, aldosterona y cortisol, mientras que el páncreas se asocia con la regulación del azúcar en sangre a través de la insulina y la glucagon. Además, se describe la función de los testículos en la producción de testosterona y de los ovarios en la producción de estrógeno y progesterona, destacando su importancia en el desarrollo de características sexuales secundarias y el mantenimiento de la gestación.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Sistema Endocrino
💡Hormonas
💡Glándulas Endocrinas
💡Glándulas Exocrinas
💡Hipotalamo
💡Glándula Pituitaria
💡Glándula Tireoides
💡Glándulas Parathyroidea
💡Páncreas
💡Glándulas Adrenales
💡Testículos y Óvarios
Highlights
El sistema endocrino es un sistema desconocido para muchos pero muy importante en nuestro cuerpo.
El sistema endocrino produce sustancias esenciales para la vida y el desarrollo.
Las glándulas endocrinas liberan hormonas directamente a la corriente sanguínea.
Las hormonas son mensajeros químicos que permiten la comunicación entre órganos del cuerpo humano.
El sistema endocrino es esencial para la función adecuada del cuerpo humano.
Las glándulas se dividen en glándulas endocrinas y exocrinas.
Las glándulas endocrinas son aquellas cuya secreción va directamente a la sangre y se llaman hormonas.
Las glándulas exocrinas secretan sustancias a través de conductos hacia el exterior o cavidades corporales.
El hipotalamo es el órgano central del sistema endocrino y se encuentra en el cerebro.
El hipotalamo controla la mayoría del sistema endocrino a través de la liberación de hormonas.
La glándula pituitaria, o glándula maestra, recibe órdenes del hipotalamo y estimula el resto de glándulas del cuerpo.
La glándula tiroides, ubicada en el cuello, produce hormonas que aceleran el metabolismo.
Las glándulas paratiroides, ubicadas detrás de la tiroides, regulan el metabolismo del calcio y la fósforo.
La glándula pancreática, en la retroperitoneo, produce insulina y glucagon, que influyen en el metabolismo de carbohidratos.
Las glándulas adrenales, ubicadas sobre los riñones, producen catecolaminas y hormonas como aldosterona y cortisol.
Los testículos en los hombres y las ovarios en las mujeres son glándulas sexuales que secretan hormonas sexuales como testosterona y estrogenes.
Las glándulas pancreática y paratiroides son las únicas grandes glándulas no controladas por el hipotalamo y la pituitaria.
Transcripts
Hello, hello, my dear anatomy students! How are they? Welcome to a
new anatomical video on this channel, Easy Anatomy, by Juan José Sánchez. Today I bring you
the video of the generalities of the endocrine system, this wonderful system that is
very unknown to most, but that plays a very important role in our body.
Since this endocrine system produces a series of substances that are essential
for life, essential for development. Ok, then, well,
come with me then to see this wonderful system. What is the endocrine system?
Surely you may have heard it, but you don't know what it is, what it does.
Well, the endocrine system, like any system or device, but I haven't read it as much as the
endocrine system. Although it would be good from a semantic point of view, let's say that it is
the set of organs, every apparatus system is a set of organs, as I have told you
in the previous videos, that this set of organs are called glands and that these
glands produce a series of substances that are released directly into the bloodstream.
These substances that are released by the endocrine glands, in this case,
are called hormones. Then, the set of organs that is responsible for releasing substances
that go directly into the blood are called: the organs of the endocrine system
as such. And you will say, why do they release substances into the blood, for what purpose? Well,
I explain to you, these substances that are released into the blood are called hormones.
A hormone is nothing more than a chemical messenger, it is the way in which the different organs of the
human body can communicate with each other through substances. Why is it released into the
blood system? because through blood, like blood in the circulatory process,
it will go around the entire organism. If I send a substance directly into the blood,
I can probably communicate with the entire body through that substance.
So, see how wonderful this communication system is that the
endocrine system and many organs of our body have that function only if another tells them what to do,
when to do it and how to do it. So, the endocrine system is this, it is the stimulation
that an organ can give to some cell or to some other organ that is very far away from
it to tell it to do an action or even to stop doing an action. That is very important.
Now, for what purpose do we study the endocrine system or why does the human body
have an endocrine system? Well, from what I am explaining to you,
imagine that I am the growth hormone that is secreted by a gland
called the pituitary gland. I give you an example at the level of the brain and this
growth hormone has to stimulate the growth of all the other structures of the body.
So, the way the body has to be able to tell all the cells,
all the bones, all the muscles, all the organs, that you have to grow, is through
this substance called growth hormone. So, see that they are messengers,
we absolutely depend on the endocrine system for our proper functioning.
Now, glands in general, when we look for the concept of gland, it is said that a gland
is any organ that is responsible for creating and secreting a substance. Now,
according to this, we can divide glands into endocrine glands and
exocrine glands. What is an endocrine gland? Good! An endocrine gland is that gland, see,
that the cellulite that forms more or less so that, so you can see,
the endocrine glands are those glands whose secretion product goes directly into
the blood and is called a hormone, the product directly into the blood. When
an organ secretes a substance and this substance goes into the blood,
it is considered an endocrine organ. Okay, now exocrine glands are those
glands that also have secretion products, see the example here.
This is an example of a sweat-producing gland, for example, sweat, but the
secretion product of this gland does not go into the blood but goes through a duct. Generally
through a duct to the outside, such as the pancreatic juices of the
pancreas, such as the bile ducts, such as the ducts of the salivary glands,
such as the ducts of the sweat glands. Ok, they are substances that do not go
into the blood but rather go outside or into some body cavity. That is the
difference between endocrine and exocrine gland. The only ones that are part of the endocrine system
are the endocrine ones, of course, the exocrine ones are not part of the endocrine system. Let's
see then, what are the organs and more or less their function, those that make up the
endocrine system? But first, no, don't take off from the video. [Music] It is vitally important that
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So, well, we had been talking about the organs of the endocrine system,
more or less what the system consists of. So we are going to go from top to bottom,
from the most cephalic to the most caudal. Let's start first with the central,
literally the central of the endocrine system, which is the hypothalamus.
The hypothalamus is an organ found within the brain, which is the one that commands the entire
endocrine system, or rather most of it. There are certain glands that escape the control
of the hypothalamus, but the hypothalamus is in charge. It is a small structure that is located
at the level of the diencephalon and that, apart from having nervous functions, has the function of creating
hormones. OK? That stimulate the gland that is just below it, which is the pituitary gland.
Ok, there is another set of hormones that are from the hypothalamus that do not stimulate the pituitary gland,
but can directly stimulate other body organs, but in itself,
the hypothalamus is in charge. It is like a military hierarchy, the endocrine system,
as if this were the general and he commands the captain who has less command than him,
that the captain would be the gland that is just below, which is the pituitary gland.
How do you send it? Because it releases hormones that, since they are very close to each other,
are communicated by a blood plexus, a blood vessel, I mean. These hormones,
leaving the hypothalamus, directly stimulate the pituitary gland below. Ok,
and the pituitary gland, also called the pituitary, is second in command, so to speak. It is also
located at the level of the brain, it receives orders from the hypothalamus so that it can release
another hormone in turn, which is the hormone that will stimulate the rest of the glands in the body.
So, the hypothalamus, for example, if it wants to tell the thyroid gland to
secrete thyroid, the hypothalamus cannot tell the thyroid gland directly. The
hypothalamus has to tell him, since he is the general, he has to tell the captain, who is the pituitary gland, and
the pituitary gland, please tell the thyroid gland that I need you to secrete thyroid hormone.
Then, the pituitary gland listens to it and releases a hormone that finally tells the
thyroid gland to release thyroid hormones. And thanks to the
stimulation of the pituitary gland, for example, the thyroid gland begins to produce hormones.
So, see that it is always a command mechanism, that is, one gland
commands the other. So, the two that are most in charge, let's say those of the military high command,
are those in the brain, which are the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland. So,
since we have the glands under the neck, we are going to have the thyroid gland first. This
thyroid gland, a single central gland, as well as the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland,
which is located in the anterior part of the neck, embracing the trachea,
is responsible for producing thyroid hormones, which are T3 and T4, mainly .
These two also produce other hormones, but those are the two most important ones,
which are responsible for accelerating the metabolism in general,
which are hormones that are responsible for increasing the metabolic rate in a general way. It
is controlled by the pituitary gland and in turn the pituitary gland by the hypothalamus.
There are glands that are behind the thyroid, which are the parathyroid glands,
small, they look like lymph nodes. This gland is parathyroid or parathyroid,
they release a hormone called PTH, pth is the abbreviation of parathyroid hormone or
parathyroid hormone, this parathyroid hormone is the one that has an important role in the metabolism of
calcium and phosphorus at the level of bones and its excretion at the renal level. Now,
these parathyroid glands have a peculiarity in that they are not
governed by the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, but rather the parathyroid governs itself.
They regulate calcium and phosphate levels in the blood. OK,
it is not controlled by the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland. They escape your control.
The next important gland is already found at the level of the abdomen,
which is the pancreas in the retroperitoneum. This pancreas has a very important function from
a digestive point of view because it secretes pancreatic juices,
but from an endocrine point of view it produces two main hormones. There are several, I repeat,
but there are two that matter to us: one is insulin and the other is glucagon.
Insulin is a hormone that has to do with lowering blood glucose or blood sugar
levels , however you want to say it. While glucagon does the
opposite, glucagon is responsible for increasing blood sugar levels. So,
it has to do with carbohydrate metabolism. This pancreas is the organ
that is, for example, affected in cases of diabetes mellitus.
Well, then we have the adrenal glands, which are a pair of glands that are on top of the
kidney, but have nothing to do with the kidney. They are simply located there,
they gave it that name because it is there, but they are not part of the kidney. This adrenal gland
produces quite important hormones. First, in its most central portion, which is the spinal cord,
they produce the famous catecholamines, which are adrenaline and norepinephrine. Remember that these
are hormones that have functions from a general point of view: they increase the heart rate,
increase the respiratory rate, increase the force of cardiac contraction, the famous
adrenaline. And they also produce other hormones such as aldosterone and cortisol. Aldosterone
has to do with the regulation of body fluids and cortisol is a steroid
that we have endogenously, it has many, let's say, bodily functions. Then, we have the
testicles. Something I forgot to tell you is that the adrenal glands are controlled by the hypothalamus
and the pituitary gland, but not the pancreas. Only the pancreas and the parathyroid are the only two
large glands that are not governed by the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland.
Only the pancreas and parathyroid are not governed by the hypothalamus or pituitary gland.
The testicles, for their part, are controlled by the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland. They are unique to
males, they are housed in the scrotal testicles and are responsible for secreting
a hormone called testosterone, which is a hormone that has to do
with the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics in men.
While the woman, instead of a testicle, has a pair of ovaries that are in the abdomen. These
are responsible for secreting two main hormones. One is estrogen, which stimulates the
formation of secondary sexual characteristics in women, and also produces progesterone,
which has several functions in the body. One of them is to maintain the pregnancy.
So, very good. This would be a general outline,
let's say, anatomical-physiological of the endocrine system. Don't forget to subscribe to the channel,
'like' the video if you liked it and you can find me on Instagram at @juan_sanchez1315
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