Weather Routeing Services - Marine Meteorology

Summary

This video script delves into weather routing for ocean voyages, emphasizing its role in optimizing routes based on sea conditions and ship characteristics. It outlines the benefits, such as time and cost savings, increased safety, and comfort for passengers and crew. The script explains the difference between climatological and weather routing, highlighting the use of real-time weather data and forecasts. It also discusses the importance of considering various factors like currents, winds, and vessel performance in wave conditions. The video touches on the evolution of weather routing services, the significance of accurate advice for safety, and the role of modern shipboard systems in providing real-time routing services.

Takeaways

• 🌐 Weather routing is a procedure to determine an optimal track for ocean voyages based on sea conditions and a ship's response to waves.
• 💰 The benefits of weather routing services include time and cost reductions, increased safety, and avoidance of severe weather conditions.
• 🚢 Weather routing helps in reducing the probability of vessel damage due to heavy weather, cargo shifting, and motion sickness among passengers and crew.
• 🔍 Weather routing differs from climatological routing, which is based on average weather conditions and does not account for real-time weather changes.
• 📈 The process involves using weather observations and forecasts to modify the route as needed, considering the quickest path and environmental factors.
• 📉 Weather routing can result in savings from reduced transit time, lower fuel consumption, and more efficient scheduling of dockside activities.
• 🛳️ The selection of an optimum route takes into account the shortest distance, prevailing currents, and winds, as well as the ship's performance in various wave conditions.
• 📊 Performance curves for ships help predict speed reduction in different sea conditions, which is crucial for effective weather routing.
• ⚓ Other factors for route selection include avoiding iceberg-infested waters, considering ice accumulation, and planning for foggy or foamy conditions.
• 🔄 Weather routing services have evolved with advancements in meteorological forecasting and communications, improving the accuracy and reliability of route advice.
• 👨‍✈️ The final decision on route adherence lies with the ship's master, who may deviate from weather routing advice based on their professional judgment and the ship's current conditions.

Q & A

What is the primary purpose of weather routing for ocean voyages?

The primary purpose of weather routing is to determine an optimal track for ocean voyages based on sea conditions and a ship's individual response characteristics in waves, which can lead to time and cost reductions, increased safety, and avoidance of severe weather conditions.

How does weather routing benefit the vessel and its crew?

Weather routing benefits the vessel and its crew by reducing the probability of vessel damage in heavy weather, ensuring cargo stability, enhancing comfort for passengers and crew, and improving the efficiency and performance of the crew, which can result in better maintenance of the ship.

What are the main factors considered in selecting an optimum route for weather routing?

The main factors considered in selecting an optimum route include the shortest distance (great circle route), prevailing currents, wind conditions, the ship's performance in various wave conditions, and any special requirements or constraints relevant to the vessel.

How does weather routing differ from climatological routing?

Weather routing differs from climatological routing in that it uses actual weather conditions and forecasts in the vicinity of the planned route, allowing for modifications as the voyage proceeds. In contrast, climatological routing is based on average weather experienced by a ship in a particular season, using average current and wind directions.

What is the significance of the wave height formula mentioned in the script?

The wave height formula provided in the script is significant as it relates the wave height to the wind speed, helping to predict the impact of wind on wave formation. However, it's noted that the formula may overestimate wave height and should be adjusted based on the duration of the wind and other factors.

Why is it important to know a vessel's performance in various wave conditions before weather routing?

Knowing a vessel's performance in various wave conditions is important because it helps in constructing performance curves for different loading conditions. These curves are essential for predicting the ship's speed and behavior under specific wave heights and sea conditions, which is crucial for effective weather routing.

What are some additional factors that should be considered when selecting an optimum route?

Additional factors include avoiding iceberg-infested waters, considering ice accumulation, anticipating foggy conditions, reducing speed in foamy conditions to reduce collision risk, and considering any special requirements of the vessel, such as avoiding very low temperatures for timber carriers.

How does weather routing change in response to a sudden hazard or emergency on board?

In case of a sudden hazard or emergency, weather routing advice must consider the changing maneuvering and propulsion capabilities of the vessel. The advice should be adapted to the new situation, which may include seeking the nearest port of refuge and adjusting the route accordingly.

What are the minimum standards required for weather routing services?

Minimum standards for weather routing services include providing meteorological information prior to departure, indicating the source of data and its accuracy, including sea and swell data, considering the individual vessel's speed and handling characteristics, and providing clear communication channels and regular updates.

How have advancements in technology and meteorological forecasting impacted weather routing services since the loss of the Derbyshire in 1980?

Advancements in technology and meteorological forecasting have significantly improved the quality and accuracy of weather routing services since the Derbyshire incident. Modern systems use sophisticated computers and sensors to provide real-time routing services and take into account a wider range of data, including satellite information, for more accurate predictions.

Outlines

00:00

🌊 Weather Routing for Optimal Ocean Voyages

This paragraph introduces the concept of weather routing, which is a systematic approach to planning the most efficient and safe path for ships across the ocean by considering sea conditions and the ship's response to waves. It highlights the benefits of weather routing, such as reduced time and costs, increased safety, and avoidance of severe weather that can damage the vessel or cause discomfort to passengers and crew. The paragraph also contrasts weather routing with climatological routing, which relies on average weather data, and emphasizes the importance of using real-time weather conditions and forecasts for more accurate routing.

05:01

📊 Factors Influencing Weather Routing Decisions

The second paragraph delves into the various factors that must be considered when making weather routing decisions. It discusses the importance of understanding a ship's performance in different wave conditions and the creation of performance curves for both light and loaded conditions. The paragraph also addresses other considerations such as avoiding iceberg-infested waters, dealing with fog and foamy conditions, and the unique requirements of certain vessels like timber carriers. It stresses the dynamic nature of weather routing, which must adapt to changing conditions and potential hazards at sea.

10:03

🛳️ Implementing Weather Routing Aboard Ships

This paragraph outlines the practical steps involved in implementing weather routing on a ship. It describes the process of plotting alternative courses, calculating relative wind and wave directions, and selecting the optimal route based on the nearest point to the destination on the locus. The paragraph also touches on the advancements in automation that have enabled the development of minimum time tracks and the use of sophisticated navigation systems to compute routes, taking into account environmental constraints and the ship's speed characteristics. It concludes by mentioning the two types of weather routing services available and the importance of the service in light of historical maritime incidents.

15:04

⚓️ Regulatory and Commercial Aspects of Weather Routing

The fourth paragraph explores the regulatory and commercial aspects of weather routing services. It discusses the lack of regulation and the commercial nature of these services, as well as the importance of providing accurate and adequate weather routing information to ships. The paragraph references the case of the Derbyshire, a bulk carrier lost in a typhoon, and how improved weather routing could have potentially averted the disaster. It also covers the minimum standards required for weather routing services, including the provision of meteorological information, sea and swell data, and the need for an interactive system that allows masters to request advice and provide feedback.

20:06

🌐 Advanced Weather Routing Technologies and Services

The final paragraph discusses the advanced technologies used in modern weather routing systems, including the use of independent sensors and sophisticated computers to provide real-time routing services. It mentions the types of sensors used to monitor the ship's movement and weather conditions and how this data is processed to assist in safe navigation. The paragraph also touches on joint proposals for ship routing systems between governments with common interests in particular areas and the companies that provide weather routing services. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of weather routing in ensuring the safety and efficiency of maritime voyages.

Keywords

💡Weather Routing

Weather routing is a procedure used to determine the optimal track for ocean voyages by considering sea conditions and a ship's response to waves. It is central to the video's theme as it outlines the process and benefits of using weather routing for safer and more efficient maritime travel. The script mentions that weather routing helps in avoiding severe weather conditions, reducing time and costs, and increasing safety.

💡Optimum Route

An optimum route in the context of the video refers to the best path for a ship to take based on weather conditions, sea currents, and the ship's individual characteristics. The term is repeatedly used in the script to emphasize the goal of weather routing, which is to find a route that minimizes risks and maximizes efficiency, taking into account the shortest distance, currents, and prevailing winds.

💡Climatological Routing

Climatological routing is a traditional method of planning a ship's route based on average weather conditions of a season in a particular ocean. The script contrasts this with weather routing, explaining that climatological routing uses average values for currents and wind directions, whereas weather routing relies on real-time data and forecasts to adjust the route dynamically.

💡Vessel Performance

Vessel performance, as discussed in the video, pertains to how a ship behaves in various weather conditions, particularly in terms of speed and handling. The script explains that understanding a vessel's performance is crucial for accurate weather routing, as it helps in predicting how the ship will react to different wave heights and sea states, which is essential for planning an effective route.

💡Wave Height

Wave height is a critical factor in weather routing as it significantly affects a ship's speed and safety. The script provides a formula to estimate wave height based on wind speed and explains how higher wave heights can increase resistance, reduce speed, and cause stresses on the ship. Wave height is used as a parameter to construct performance curves for weather routing.

💡Sea Conditions

Sea conditions encompass a range of environmental factors that affect a ship's voyage, including wind, waves, and currents. The script mentions that weather routing takes into account current and forecasted sea conditions to plan a route that avoids severe weather, ensuring the safety and efficiency of the ship's passage.

💡Safety

Safety is a paramount concern in the video, with weather routing being highlighted as a means to enhance it. The script explains that by avoiding heavy weather and planning routes that minimize the risk of damage, weather routing services can reduce the probability of severe or catastrophic incidents, protecting both the crew and the vessel.

💡Cost Reductions

Cost reductions are one of the benefits of weather routing mentioned in the script. By optimizing routes to reduce transit time and avoid heavy weather, ships can save on fuel consumption and minimize the need for emergency repairs. The script also mentions that weather routing can lead to more efficient scheduling of dockside activities and lower insurance rates.

💡Ship's Response Characteristics

Ship's response characteristics refer to how a vessel behaves in response to different sea conditions, particularly in terms of speed and motion in waves. The script discusses the importance of these characteristics in weather routing, as they influence the selection of the optimum route and the construction of performance curves that predict how the ship will perform under various sea states.

💡Weather Forecasts

Weather forecasts play a crucial role in weather routing, as they provide predictions about future weather conditions that can affect a ship's voyage. The script explains that weather routing makes use of actual weather conditions as well as forecasts to modify the planned route, ensuring that the ship stays on the most efficient and safest path.

💡Navigation Systems

Navigation systems, as mentioned in the script, are tools that help in computing the route distance, time, and ETA, as well as providing dynamic forecasts for the ship's current track. These systems are integral to modern weather routing services, allowing for the computation of minimum time tracks and the continuous assessment of the ship's response to weather conditions during the voyage.

Highlights

Weather routing is a procedure to determine an optimal track for ocean voyages based on sea conditions and a ship's response characteristics in waves.

The benefits of weather routing services include time and cost reductions, increased safety, and avoidance of severe weather conditions.

Weather routing reduces the probability of vessel damage in heavy weather and cargo shifting due to avoiding heavy rolling and pitching.

Weather routing enhances comfort for passengers and crew, particularly important for passenger ships and modern automated ships with reduced crew.

Operating cost savings come from reduced transit time, fewer heavy weather encounters, and more efficient scheduling of dockside activities.

Weather routing maximizes safety by minimizing the risk of severe or catastrophic damage to the ship and injury to crew members.

Weather routing differs from climatological routing, which is based on average weather experienced in a particular season.

Weather routing uses actual weather conditions and forecasts to modify the route as the voyage proceeds.

The selection of an optimum route considers the shortest distance, prevailing currents, and winds to increase the vessel's speed.

Vessel performance in various wave conditions is essential for weather routing, requiring performance curves for different conditions.

Weather routing must consider additional factors such as iceberg-infested waters, ice accumulation, fog, and special vessel requirements.

Weather routing services have evolved with advancements in meteorological forecasting and communications since the 1980s.

The importance of weather routing is underscored by investigations into ship losses, such as the Derbyshire, which concluded that accurate routing could have prevented the disaster.

Weather routing services are relatively unregulated and mainly commercial, with various nations and private firms offering these services.

There are two types of routing services: one that broadcasts routing recommendations and another that transmits data for onboard processing.

Weather routing advice should be provided at regular intervals, appropriate to weather conditions, and should be interactive with the master.

Masters have the right to deviate from weather routing advice based on their professional judgment, and weather routing protects them from being sued.

Advanced shipboard weather routing systems use independent sensors and sophisticated computers to provide real-time routing services.

Joint proposals for ship routing systems with integrated measures are formulated by governments with common interests in particular areas.

Few companies provide weather routing services, and the availability of these services depends on the ship owner's subscription.

Transcripts

today's video focuses on weather routine

which is nothing but a procedure to

determine an optimal track for ocean

voyages based on sea conditions and a

ship's individual response

characteristics in waves the weather

routing has many benefits of course and

the benefits of a ship weather routing

services are primarily in time and cost

reductions and increased safety if you

think about it then severe weather

conditions are can be avoided using the

process of weather routing and following

an optimum route I talked about optimum

routing later on so there's less

probability of vessel getting damaged in

heavy weather

if vessels passage plan is based on a

weather routing then there is less

chances of cargo shifting as heavy

weather is avoided vessel does not

experience any kind of heavy rolling

pitching or similar motions it's more

comfortable for persons on board and

it's particularly important for

passenger ships where you have

passengers who are not used to rolling

pitching and experiencing such movements

on ships it's also more comfortable for

crew on board which will result in their

better performance and ships better

maintenance the savings in operating

cost are derived from reductions in

transit time heavy weather encounters

fuel consumption cargo and how damaged

and more efficient scheduling of

dockside activities the savings are

further increased by fewer emergency

repairs more efficient use of personnel

improved topside working conditions

lower insurance rates as preferred risks

under weather routing and ultimate it

extended ship operating life and

effective routing service maximizes

safety by greatly reducing the

probability of severe or catastrophic

damage to the ship and injury of crew

members the efficiency in health of the

crew is also enhanced by avoiding the

heavy weather this is especially

important on modern automated ships with

reduced crew and smaller craft

fishing vessels in yours in terms of

principle of weather routing it is

different from climatological routing

climatological routing of vessel is

given in various books and charts such

as ocean passages of the world pilot

charts etc climatological routing is

based on the average weather experienced

by a ship in a particular season in an

ocean the current and wind directions

are of average value for the season and

based on these average values a route is

selected and recommended in these books

if oversell sales on this route it is

100 percent that she will not experience

severe weather

however weather routing has been made

possible by frequent weather

observations including progress charts

prognosis charts which are available to

seafarers in the ocean and the

facilities are quite good in not a

planting in North Pacific where weather

routing is possible with greater

accuracy however these facilities are

not satisfactory in Southland click in

South Pacific and therefore weather

routing is not satisfactory on those key

areas weather routing makes use of

actual weather conditions as well as

weather forecasts in the vicinity of the

route being planned the route is

modified if necessary as the voyage

proceeds the route is selected with due

consideration to quickest route that is

the base circle route or the fastest

route between two points sometimes our

strategy route is planned which not only

takes into account the shortest road

combined with other considerations like

expected heavy weather damage or other

requirements which are special to that

vessel finally a vessel has to select an

optimum route in which following

concentrations are taken into account

firstly is the shortest distance which

is the grave circle distance but it is

not necessary that the shortest distance

will also be the quickest distance then

you have take into account the currents

the prevailing currents in the area and

the advantage of foreign currency should

be taken into account because that will

add to the speed of the vessel

increasing the speed of the vessel helps

to reach the poor set time then the

prevailing winds of the season have to

be an

as well and that is Vince from I had

reduced the ship's speak considerably as

high waves are built up against the ship

whereas being bins or following winds

will not reduce the ship's speed

considerably if you look into the books

there is a relationship provided between

surface wind speed and wave height which

is as follows where H which is the wave

height in meters equals to a constant

0.02 one four multiplied by this square

of the wind speed in meters per second

so V naught is the wind speed in meters

per second now this formula has an error

on the higher side and wave height shall

be lowered if lower rather if duration

of the wind and fetch our water and the

whistle speed is reduced due to the wind

as follows because as the wind increases

the wave resistance to ship's progress

also increases the pitching and rolling

reduces the ship's speed and also causes

severe stresses on the ship the

propeller will keep coming out of the

water frequently causing more sleep of

the main engine and less speed and wind

can produce direct resistance on the

hull especially the superstructure but I

have continued with the factors that

should be taken into account but before

that if you think about it because we

are on the topic of winds and waves here

as waves are an important factor in

reducing the vessel speed it is

important that a vessels performance in

various wave conditions be known before

attempting to weather route a particular

vessel for this performance curve the

vessel should be constructed by

inspecting vessel speed from the

previous voyages for the various wind

and wave conditions separate performance

curves should be drawn for light and

loaded conditions and these curves

should be extrapolated witness say so

what you see on your screen here is an

example of a cargo ships performance

curve in a light by last condition where

you can see that the ship's speed is on

the y-axis and the wave height is on the

x-axis and the wave height can be

plotted against the

condition the Seas with it the seas are

following on the beam or EDC's and then

once the wave height is plotted against

the Seas you can then trace it to the

ship's speed or the ship's speed

expected under the following conditions

so for example if you have a wave height

of 12 meters draw a vertical line from

200 meters and depending on whether you

have head seas beam season following

seas connect the vertical line to one of

them whichever you're following and then

draw a horizontal line going towards the

ship speed and you will get an idea of

what kind of speed will your ship be

doing under a certain wave height and

the prevailing wave or sea conditions

alright so these curves are drawn

assuming that the ship is doing full rpm

even for very high waves coming from

light if not actually done and then same

can be extrapolated but I keep on

continuing with the factors that should

be considered when deciding on or

selecting on an optimum route so the

other factors are I said see where

vessel has to plan a route which keeps

her out of the iceberg infested waters

as well as speck ice vessel has also to

consider ice accumulation on main deck

on road then vessel should also consider

whether passing through the areas where

fog is expected in foamy conditions

vessel has to reduce your speed and

vessel is at higher risk of collision

with other ships in the vicinity and

finally it also must consider any

special requirements of the vessel for

example the timber carrier should not

pass through the areas of very low

temperatures which can cause ice

accretion on day and that would mean ice

accretion on the cargo itself which

leads to impact on its stability now

weather routing is considered because a

situation on board changes dramatically

and most often very suddenly in case of

a hazard so be it damage or fall order

for technical device of component or an

average like collision or grounding the

demands on weather routing and route

recommendations changes a vessel healing

or with damaging the order engine

behaves different in sea as the intact

one and needs therefore adapted

maneuvering

true dat was the destination would order

as well because you might need to seek a

nearest port of refuse whether it wills

can be carried out so provision of

optimum route advice for ships

integrated condition therefore has to

consider additional changing maneuvering

and propulsion capability in difference

to the situation for optimum weather

routing this information is not static

and not predefined able for all cases

such a routing advice tool therefore

depends strongly on this situation

assessment so the current situation your

ship is in and that is what it will be

depending on all right so for formal for

the weather routine to be carried on

onboard vessel the vessel must be

equipped with a weather facsimile

recorder for the master to carry out

whether routine master has to first

select the optimum route as I explained

earlier and this route takes into

account the main objective of selecting

the route as well as environmental

conditions likely to be encountered now

the synoptic and prognostic charts are

required at frequent intervals during

the entire weather routing process now

just imagine your ship is supposed to be

going from part a to port B a is the

port of destination and B is the port of

arrival once you have determined the

initial route then what you can do for

weather routing is that you draw it on

the chart and then draw alternate

courses from the initial point a I'd say

about 10 degree intervals and plot it on

the either side of the main course or

the original course now from the 24

hours weather prognosis chart the

relative wind and wave direction on

these courses is calculated and 24 hour

distances is thus plotted the line

joining these points is called the locus

one as you can see on the chart the line

from the locus one each of these points

alternative courses are again plotted at

about say 10 degree interval however the

courses which will take this ship away

from the original course are discarded

and ignored then 48 as promised this

chart is consulted and locus 2 is

protect the same way this method is

repeated several times and subsequent

locus is plotted finally a point is

selected which is nearest on the locus

near to the destination

and hence the route is planned backwards

from point B to a through the point that

is nearest to the original course once

the track has been chosen its usefulness

should be reviewed during the voyage by

checking on the latest weather reports

and prognostic situations all right now

automation has enabled ship routing

agencies to develop a realistic minimum

time tracks now computation of minimum

time tracks make use of a navigation

system to compute the route distance

time and route ETA is and to provide six

early D our synoptic positions that is

the dead reckoning positions for the

range of the dynamic forecast for the

ship's current track so what kind of

waves wind currents the ship will be

facing a surveillance system to survey

wind seas for when ocean currents

obtained from the dynamic and climate or

little fields then an environmental

constraints system imposed as part of

the route selection and surveillances

constraints are the upper limits of the

wind and sea is desired for the transit

they are determined by the ship's

loading speed capability and

vulnerability the constraint system is

an important part of the route selection

process and acts as a warning system

when the weather and sea forecasts along

the Brazil tag exceeds predetermined

limits ship speed characteristics are

also used to approximate ship speed of

advance while transiting the forecast

sea States criteria for route selection

reflect a balance between the Masters

desired levels of speed safety comfort

and concentration of operations such as

fleet maneuvers fishing doing etc and

also the ETA ship weather routing

services are being offered by many

nations and these include Japan UK

Russia

Netherlands Germany and the United

States also several private firms

provide routing services to shipping

industry plants several pc-based

software applications have also become

available marking weather routing or

making rather routine available to

virtually everybody it's

there are generally two types of routing

services available the first users

techniques similar to the Navy's OTS our

systems to forecast conditions and

compute routing recommendations which

are then broadcast to the vessel then

the OTS are if you don't know what OTS

are is OTS R stands for the optimum

track ship routing that is the ship

routing service of the US Navy which

utilizes short-range and extended range

forecasting techniques in route

selection and surveillance procedures

the short range dynamic forecasts of

three to five days are derived from

meterological equations these forecasts

are computed at least twice daily from a

database of northern hemisphere surface

and upper air observations and include

surface pressure upper air constant

pressure Heights and the spectral wave

values a significant increase in data

input particularly from satellite

information over ocean areas is also

available the second type of weather

routing assembles and processes weather

and sea condition data and transmits

this to the ships at sea for onboard

processing and generation of route

recommendation the OTS er system allows

for greater computer power to be applied

to the routing task because powerful

computers are available ashore the

second system allows greater flexibility

to the ships master in changing

parameters evaluating various scenarios

selecting routes and displaying data

we've talked about the benefits of the

weather routing systems I will not go

back to the game but let me tell you

about this why this weather routing

system is important now I don't know

whether you've heard about the case of

the Derbyshire the investigation into

the loss of the bulk carrier Derbyshire

in a typhoon actually concluded that the

weather routing information provided to

the ship could have helped it to avoid

the typhoon that eventually caused its

loss had it been accurate or adequate

now meteorological forecasting and

communications have advanced

considerably since the loss of that ship

in 1980

however weather routing services remain

relatively unregulated and

mainly a commercial tour now following

the presentation of new evidence from

the service of the wreck of the carrier

Derbyshire which was lost of Okinawa in

1980 the government of the United

Kingdom reopened the formal

investigation into the loss of the ship

the investigation from the Derbyshire

had been lost him trial from orchid

despite having been supplied with with a

routine advice the court actually

concluded that the information provided

to the master was insufficient to assist

him in effectively avoiding the worst

weather associated with the typhoon

however of course like I said before the

quality of weather routing services has

undoubtedly improved since this incident

now so logic

wize be subjected to a voice plan and it

mainly states that all known navigation

hazards and weather conditions should be

accounted for should be taken into

account when planning a voyage it

basically safeguards the Masters right

to deviate from advice given that might

conflict with his or her professional

judgment commercial pressures can force

masters to follow routes that take

unacceptably high risk and weather

routing actually protects the master

from being sue and provides the master

with some protection towards keeping the

ship safe now advice weather weather

routine services formulated remotely

from the ship but it may be regarded by

some owners or charters as providing

better information their forecast now

this means that the weather routing

advice is given by people who are

sitting ashore and they all although

they have advanced computer systems and

technology available to them and they

are not there see with you on the ship

so of course the advice is provided to

the master but it is the Masters

decision at the end of the day and

master main deviate from the weather

routine although if tomorrow something

happens you might have to justify why

you did so but the final decision

remains with the master on whether they

want to follow the weather routing

advice or not depending on what the

Masters feels is more safe for his or

her ship now masters confidence in the

advice being offered may be diminished

if that advice does not reflect the

conditions and that are evident at the

ship's location because people advising

you are sitting ashore so sometimes that

can be a bit Charlie minimum standards

required for weather routing services is

that the mid meteorological information

should when possible be provided prior

to departure to enable voice training in

adjusting the master should be provided

with the source of the data we are

possible and level of accuracy and

probability of changes in weather

patterns indicated information should

include sea and swell data

the form of significant height of waves

and if possible direction of swells the

advice should take into account full

account of the speed and handling

characteristics of the individual vessel

and consider the ability of the vessel

to avoid with the systems that are

moving faster than the ship prior to

departure clear instructions should be

provided to the master for communication

channels available between the ship and

those who are providing the weather

routing service the weather routing

service or weather routing advice should

be provided at a regular intervals

appropriate to weather conditions at

ship's position end of his projected

route so for example if the ship is

going towards an area where there is

equal TRS or these TRS or there is a low

pressure that might turn into a TRS and

of course the more frequent advice

should be provided to the master the

interval should vary according to the

rate of change of conditions service

should enable masters to make request

for advice at interim periods the system

should be interactive so all submissions

of advice from W called weather routing

service should require a response by

master minimum response should at least

include the ship's position course and

speed they should also encourage master

to provide feedback information

regarding the weather conditions masters

should also be encouraged to indicate

their preferred route taking into

consideration his or her own

professional judgment the weather

routing advice should take into account

of the ship's routing systems to be

encountered the weather sufficiency room

is available for the vessel or no

navigational hazards need to operate in

interest of the environmental protection

and need to operate within load length

invention and need for essential

maintenance that effects safe operation

so weather routing advice should take

into account of relevant routing systems

to be encountered during the voyage

sufficient zero for the ship to make

safe passage through the voice our new

navigation has as conditions the need

for ship to operate within constraints

resulting from compliance with the

International Convention and the need

for essential maintenance that affects

the ship's safe operation that may be

compromised by environment

conditions the weather routing service

should include a once a daily report

owners or operators giving the master

masters report now latest systems

onboard vessels these days have the

conventional hub response monitoring

systems rarely making use of the

shipboard measured data whereas more

advanced shipboard weather routing

systems process weather data comprising

wind and CV information to continuously

compute the ship's at response during

the voyage the independent sensors are

installed on the ship for computing

information example for a container ship

six degrees of freedom of gyro a

vertical accelerometer at the bow and

two strain gauges mounted on decks

ranges are mounted on a ship now they

have these essential sensors which which

sense the vessels movement and they also

sense the weather conditions experience

the wind the weather the waves these

sensors are fitted externally on the

hull as well and they using a very

advanced and sophisticated computers

they actually compute and they assess

the kind of the motion that the vessel

is experiencing under particular weather

conditions and they provide a routine

service or instant of real-time routing

services to the vessel onboard the ship

itself where two or more governments

have a common interest in a particular

area they also formulate a joint

proposal for the ship routing system

with integrated measures and procedures

for cooperation between the jurisdiction

of the proposing governess if any

bilateral or multilateral agreements

have been reached pertaining to the

joint proposal then reference should be

made to such agreements companies that

provide such services are weather

routing incorporated ami CMAP s MH i s

POS severe weather news there are so few

companies which are there that provide

these services and depending of course

on your ship's owner and whether they

have subscribed to the services then

your ships may be able to obtain

information which is required for safe

navigation of the vessel from these

comments and that's pretty much it guys

sorry about the long length of the video

but it's so much to talk about with the

routing and

try to keep this video short for you to

hold interest so I hope this was good

enough for you to be able to answer

questions in the exam whether it's

written or oral I'll see you soon with

my next video bye for now