Kedokteran Nuklir itu apa sih? Simak Penjelasannya Disini

Summary

Dr. Rian Yudistiro, a nuclear medicine specialist from Siloam Hospitals Semanggi, explains the field of nuclear medicine, emphasizing its role in diagnosing and treating various diseases. He clarifies that nuclear medicine is not only about nuclear bombs but also about utilizing radioactive substances for medical purposes, such as diagnosing thyroid diseases with Iodine-131 and using PET and SPECT scans for cancer staging and heart evaluations. The video also touches on the therapeutic applications of nuclear medicine, including treating hyperthyroidism and palliative care for cancer patients, showcasing its importance in modern healthcare.

Takeaways

• 🔬 Nuclear medicine is a branch of medical science that uses radioactive tracers to diagnose and treat various diseases, not just associated with nuclear bombs.
• 💊 It plays a crucial role in treating thyroid diseases with radioactive iodine-131, which can also be used for diagnosis.
• 🔍 Nuclear medicine helps in diagnosing cancer, neurological disorders like dementia and Parkinson's, and coronary heart diseases.
• 🌐 Radiology is divided into diagnostic radiology, which uses non-invasive radiation sources like X-rays, and nuclear medicine, which uses open radiation sources for both function and molecular evaluation.
• 📷 There are two types of cameras in nuclear medicine: PET (Positron Emission Tomography) and SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography), differentiated by the type of radioactive tracers they use.
• 🏥 PET scans provide high-resolution images using positron-emitting tracers, useful for detecting cancer metastasis and evaluating treatment responses.
• 📊 SPECT uses gamma-emitting tracers and is effective for diagnosing diseases and assessing the progression or regression of conditions like cancer.
• ❤️ Nuclear medicine also evaluates heart conditions, assessing the viability of heart muscles before invasive surgeries or stent placements.
• 🧬 It aids in microbiology, helping to determine the etiology of dementias and movement disorders, such as distinguishing Alzheimer's from other forms of dementia or Parkinsonism.
• 🧠 Nuclear medicine can localize the focus of epilepsy, which might not be detected by CT scans or MRIs, aiding in more precise treatment planning.
• 💊 Beyond diagnosis, nuclear medicine also offers therapeutic applications, such as treating painful metastatic lesions with Samarium therapy and targeting specific cancer types with theranostic agents like PSMA for prostate cancer.

Q & A

What is Nuclear Medicine?

Nuclear Medicine is a branch of medical science that uses small amounts of radioactive materials, called radiopharmaceuticals, to diagnose and treat various diseases. It provides information on the function, metabolism, and molecular processes of organs.

How is Nuclear Medicine different from Diagnostic Radiology?

Diagnostic Radiology uses closed radiation sources like X-rays and CT scans to evaluate the anatomy or structure of an organ, whereas Nuclear Medicine uses open radiation sources in the form of radiopharmaceuticals to assess the function, metabolism, and molecular aspects of an organ.

What is the role of Nuclear Medicine in thyroid disease treatment?

Nuclear Medicine plays a crucial role in treating thyroid diseases, particularly hyperthyroidism, using radioiodine (Iodine-131) as a traditional medication. It can also diagnose whether a thyroid nodule is hot or cold, active or inactive, which helps in determining the treatment approach.

How does Nuclear Medicine assist in cancer diagnosis?

Nuclear Medicine aids in cancer diagnosis by helping to establish the presence of cancer, determine its stage, and identify metastasis or spread of cancer throughout the body. It uses PET scans and SPECT to provide detailed images that can detect cancerous cells.

What is the difference between a PET scan and a SPECT scan?

A PET scan uses positron-emitting radiopharmaceuticals that produce high-energy gamma radiation, resulting in sharp image resolution. In contrast, a SPECT scan uses single-photon-emitting radiopharmaceuticals that emit gamma radiation in one direction, offering less resolution but still useful for diagnosing diseases.

How is Nuclear Medicine used in cardiology?

Nuclear Medicine can evaluate the viability of heart muscles before invasive procedures like bypass surgery or stent placement. It can also assess blood flow in the heart muscles using SPECT scans to determine the presence of coronary artery disease.

What is the significance of Nuclear Medicine in neurology?

Nuclear Medicine helps in diagnosing neurological disorders such as dementia, Parkinson's disease, and epilepsy. It can determine the etiology of these conditions and locate the focus of epilepsy, which may not be detected by CT scans or MRI.

What is Theranostics in the context of Nuclear Medicine?

Theranostics in Nuclear Medicine refers to the combination of therapeutic and diagnostic applications. It uses the same radiopharmaceuticals for both diagnosing and treating diseases, such as using radioiodine for both diagnosing and treating thyroid conditions.

How can Nuclear Medicine help in treating metastatic pain?

Nuclear Medicine can administer targeted radionuclide therapy, such as Samarium-153, to reduce the pain threshold in patients with metastatic bone pain, providing relief and increased comfort.

What is the role of Nuclear Medicine in treating inoperable liver cancer?

Nuclear Medicine can be used to treat inoperable liver cancer by using radioembolization, which delivers radioactive particles directly to the tumor, shrinking its size and potentially making it operable.

What is the significance of PSMA-Theranostics in prostate cancer treatment?

PSMA-Theranostics involves the use of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) targeting agents for both diagnosing and treating advanced or metastatic prostate cancer. It offers high diagnostic value and is an effective therapeutic approach that is currently trending in the medical field.